Protagoras of Abdera
{"TemplateVersion":1,"WpPageId":193704,"ParentWpPageId":159379,"Slug":"protagoras-of-abdera","Title":"Protagoras of Abdera","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/protagoras-of-abdera/","Kicker":"Philosopher Profile","DisplayTitle":"Protagoras of Abdera","Deck":"Abderite sophist of man-measure relativism, appearances, antilogy, weaker and stronger arguments, orthoepeia, civic virtue, democratic political teaching, On the Gods, and fragmentary testimonial transmission.","BackLink":{"Text":"Back to Philosophers","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/"},"ContextCards":[{"Label":"Period","Title":"Ancient History","DateText":"3000 BCE – 499 CE","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/eras-of-thought/philosophers-of-ancient-history/"},{"Label":"Era","Title":"Classical Antiquity","DateText":"500 BCE – 499 CE","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/eras-of-thought/philosophers-of-ancient-history/philosophers-of-classical-antiquity/"},{"Label":"Born","Title":"490 BCE","DateText":"","Url":""},{"Label":"Died","Title":"420 BCE","DateText":"","Url":""}],"GeoCards":[{"Label":"Region","Key":"Region:1"},{"Label":"Terra Avita","Key":"TerraAvita:2"},{"Label":"Terra Avita Region","Key":"TerraAvitaRegion:8"},{"Label":"Modern Country","Key":"Country:GRC:2"}],"School":{"Label":"School","Title":"Sophism","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/schools/sophism/","Deck":"Fifth-century BCE Greek intellectual movement of itinerant teachers, rhetoricians, and civic educators associated with Protagoras, Gorgias, Hippias, Prodicus, and Antiphon, examining persuasion, language, law, convention, virtue, religion, and political life.","Ring":"#C92621","TerraRing":"#C92621"},"Birthplace":{"Title":"Abdera, Thrace"},"Images":[{"ImageMasterId":584,"ImageOrdinal":1,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/protagoras-of-abdera-01-protagoras-by-jusepe-de-ribera-1637.jpg","Alt":"Protagoras by Jusepe de Ribera","Caption":"Protagoras by Jusepe de Ribera","Description":"Jusepe de Ribera's 1637 portrait gives the profile its clearest direct identifying image of Protagoras in the early modern philosopher-portrait tradition.","WpMediaId":233065,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ribera_-_Protagoras,_1637.jpg","SourceImageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Ribera_-_Protagoras%2C_1637.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Protagoras-of-Abdera\\protagoras-of-abdera-01-ribera-portrait.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":585,"ImageOrdinal":2,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/protagoras-of-abdera-02-democritus-and-protagoras-by-salvator-rosa-it-is.jpg","Alt":"Democritus and Protagoras by Salvator Rosa","Caption":"Democritus and Protagoras by Salvator Rosa","Description":"Salvator Rosa's painting gives the gallery a direct reception image of Protagoras with Democritus, while keeping the apocryphal teacher tradition out of the caption.","WpMediaId":233066,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Salvator_Rosa_-_D%C3%A9mocrite_et_Protagoras.jpg","SourceImageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Salvator_Rosa_-_D%C3%A9mocrite_et_Protagoras.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Protagoras-of-Abdera\\protagoras-of-abdera-02-salvator-rosa-democritus.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":3468,"ImageOrdinal":3,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/protagoras-of-abdera-03-pether-democritus-and-protagoras.jpg","Alt":"William Pether mezzotint of Democritus and Protagoras","Caption":"William Pether mezzotint of Democritus and Protagoras","Description":"William Pether's 1778 mezzotint after Salvator Rosa adds a strong print witness for the reception of Protagoras and Democritus as paired philosophers of Abdera.","WpMediaId":283784,"SourcePageUrl":"https://www.artic.edu/artworks/138289/democritus-and-protagoras","SourceImageUrl":"https://www.artic.edu/iiif/2/26b3c821-3784-5e69-83de-ad72d0e03f4e/full/1600,/0/default.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Protagoras-of-Abdera\\protagoras-of-abdera-03-pether-democritus-and-protagoras.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":3469,"ImageOrdinal":4,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/protagoras-of-abdera-04-callias-house-illustration.jpg","Alt":"Illustration from Plato's Protagoras","Caption":"Illustration from Plato's Protagoras","Description":"A Witwicki illustration for Plato's Protagoras anchors the gallery in the dialogue setting where Socrates goes to Callias' house to meet the famous sophist.","WpMediaId":283785,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Platon_-_Protagoras.jpg","SourceImageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Platon%20-%20Protagoras.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Protagoras-of-Abdera\\protagoras-of-abdera-04-callias-house-illustration.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":3470,"ImageOrdinal":5,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/protagoras-of-abdera-05-company-at-callias-house.png","Alt":"The company at Callias' house in Plato's Protagoras","Caption":"The company at Callias' house in Plato's Protagoras","Description":"A second Witwicki illustration emphasizes Protagoras as a public teacher surrounded by Socrates, pupils, and listeners in Plato's dramatic portrait of sophistic education.","WpMediaId":283786,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Protagoras06.png","SourceImageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Protagoras06.png","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Protagoras-of-Abdera\\protagoras-of-abdera-05-company-at-callias-house.png"},{"ImageMasterId":3471,"ImageOrdinal":6,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/protagoras-of-abdera-06-protagoras-sculpture.jpg","Alt":"Charles Ginnever's Protagoras sculpture","Caption":"Charles Ginnever's Protagoras sculpture","Description":"Charles Ginnever's named public sculpture gives the gallery a modern reception anchor for Protagoras and the maxim that man is the measure.","WpMediaId":283787,"SourcePageUrl":"https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2010720928/","SourceImageUrl":"https://cdn.loc.gov/service/pnp/highsm/11400/11458v.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Protagoras-of-Abdera\\protagoras-of-abdera-06-protagoras-sculpture.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":3472,"ImageOrdinal":7,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/protagoras-of-abdera-07-abdera-tetradrachm.jpg","Alt":"Silver tetradrachm from Abdera","Caption":"Silver tetradrachm from Abdera","Description":"A fifth-century BCE tetradrachm from Abdera provides a civic material anchor for Protagoras' home city and its classical Greek setting.","WpMediaId":283788,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Abdera_-_478-450_BC_-_silver_tetradrachm_-_griffin_-_quadratum_incusum_-_M%C3%BCnchen_SMS.jpg","SourceImageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Abdera%20-%20478-450%20BC%20-%20silver%20tetradrachm%20-%20griffin%20-%20quadratum%20incusum%20-%20M%C3%BCnchen%20SMS.jpg?width=1600","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Protagoras-of-Abdera\\protagoras-of-abdera-07-abdera-tetradrachm.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":3473,"ImageOrdinal":8,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/protagoras-of-abdera-08-ancient-abdera-site.jpg","Alt":"Archaeological site of ancient Abdera","Caption":"Archaeological site of ancient Abdera","Description":"The archaeological site of ancient Abdera grounds the gallery in Protagoras' home city without padding the page with generic Greek scenery.","WpMediaId":283795,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Avdira_Xanthi_archaeological_site.jpg","SourceImageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Avdira%20Xanthi%20archaeological%20site.jpg?width=1600","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Protagoras-of-Abdera\\protagoras-of-abdera-08-ancient-abdera-site.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":9860,"ImageOrdinal":9,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/protagoras-of-abdera-ia-4764122-n0.jpg","Alt":"Title page of Ueber Protagoras von Abdera","Caption":"Title page of Ueber Protagoras von Abdera","Description":"A title page for Otto Weber's Ueber Protagoras von Abdera; it belongs on Protagoras's profile as a direct scholarly source devoted to the sophist.","WpMediaId":319624,"SourcePageUrl":"https://archive.org/details/4764122","SourceImageUrl":"https://archive.org/download/4764122/page/n0_w1000.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Protagoras-Of-Abdera\\protagoras-of-abdera-ia-4764122-n0.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":9861,"ImageOrdinal":10,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/protagoras-of-abdera-ia-4764122-n2.jpg","Alt":"Opening page of Ueber Protagoras von Abdera","Caption":"Opening page of Ueber Protagoras von Abdera","Description":"A scanned page headed Ueber Protagoras von Abdera; it belongs on Protagoras's profile as direct textual evidence from a study focused on him.","WpMediaId":319625,"SourcePageUrl":"https://archive.org/details/4764122","SourceImageUrl":"https://archive.org/download/4764122/page/n2_w1000.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Protagoras-Of-Abdera\\protagoras-of-abdera-ia-4764122-n2.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":9862,"ImageOrdinal":11,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/protagoras-of-abdera-ia-4764122-n3.jpg","Alt":"Das Leben des Protagoras page","Caption":"Das Leben des Protagoras page","Description":"A German text page headed Das Leben des Protagoras; it belongs on Protagoras's profile as a direct source page about his life and philosophical reception.","WpMediaId":319626,"SourcePageUrl":"https://archive.org/details/4764122","SourceImageUrl":"https://archive.org/download/4764122/page/n3_w1000.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Protagoras-Of-Abdera\\protagoras-of-abdera-ia-4764122-n3.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":9863,"ImageOrdinal":12,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/protagoras-of-abdera-ia-4764122-n4.jpg","Alt":"Protagoras study text page","Caption":"Protagoras study text page","Description":"A dense German text page from a study of Protagoras; it belongs on Protagoras's profile as a direct scholarly page about the ancient sophist.","WpMediaId":319627,"SourcePageUrl":"https://archive.org/details/4764122","SourceImageUrl":"https://archive.org/download/4764122/page/n4_w1000.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Protagoras-Of-Abdera\\protagoras-of-abdera-ia-4764122-n4.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":9864,"ImageOrdinal":13,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/protagoras-of-abdera-ia-4764122-n5.jpg","Alt":"Protagoras study continuation page","Caption":"Protagoras study continuation page","Description":"A continuation page from the Protagoras study; it belongs on Protagoras's profile as a direct textual source for his ancient biography and doctrine.","WpMediaId":319628,"SourcePageUrl":"https://archive.org/details/4764122","SourceImageUrl":"https://archive.org/download/4764122/page/n5_w1000.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Protagoras-Of-Abdera\\protagoras-of-abdera-ia-4764122-n5.jpg"}],"Video":{"Title":"","Iframes":[]},"HasVideo":false,"IdentityFields":[{"Label":"Full Name","Value":"Protagoras of Abdera"},{"Label":"Native Name","Value":"Protagoras ho Abderites"},{"Label":"Other Names","Value":"Protagoras; Protagoras of Teos; Protagoras the Sophist"},{"Label":"Sex","Value":"Male"},{"Label":"Nationality","Value":"Greek"},{"Label":"Religion","Value":"Ancient Greek religion; sophistic agnosticism"},{"Label":"Mother","Value":"Unknown"},{"Label":"Father","Value":"Artemon; Maeandrius"}],"MajorWorks":[{"Title":"Truth","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/protagoras-of-abdera/truth/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":true,"Copies":["444 BCE","Full text available","Truth is registered as the lost work associated with the man-measure thesis, appearances, perception, judgment, and the relativity or usefulness of human standards."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"444 BCE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"Full text available","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy dz-philo__work-full-text","Style":"font:700 12px/1.4 var(–ui);letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6f5613"},{"Text":"Truth is registered as the lost work associated with the man-measure thesis, appearances, perception, judgment, and the relativity or usefulness of human standards.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"Truth 444 BCE Full text available Truth is registered as the lost work associated with the man-measure thesis, appearances, perception, judgment, and the relativity or usefulness of human standards.","Style":"background:#fff7dc;border-color:rgba(111,86,19,.35)","DataSearch":"truth 444 bce truth is registered as the lost work associated with the man-measure thesis, appearances, perception, judgment, and the relativity or usefulness of human standards. western thought eastern mediterranean hellenic–aegean sphere epistemology metaphysics","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Western Thought","DataTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataTerraRegion":"Hellenic–Aegean Sphere","DataCoreAreas":"Epistemology Metaphysics","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"Truth","DataFilterSearch":"Truth 444 BCE Truth is registered as the lost work associated with the man-measure thesis, appearances, perception, judgment, and the relativity or usefulness of human standards. Western Thought Eastern Mediterranean Hellenic–Aegean Sphere Epistemology Metaphysics","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Western Thought","DataFilterTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Hellenic–Aegean Sphere","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Epistemology Metaphysics","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"-444"},{"Title":"Antilogies","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/protagoras-of-abdera/antilogies/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["443 BCE","Antilogies is registered as the lost two-sided argument work tied to Protagoras' method of setting opposed logoi against one another in civic, ethical, theological, and theoretical disputes."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"443 BCE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"Antilogies is registered as the lost two-sided argument work tied to Protagoras' method of setting opposed logoi against one another in civic, ethical, theological, and theoretical disputes.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"Antilogies 443 BCE Antilogies is registered as the lost two-sided argument work tied to Protagoras' method of setting opposed logoi against one another in civic, ethical, theological, and theoretical disputes.","Style":"","DataSearch":"antilogies 443 bce antilogies is registered as the lost two-sided argument work tied to protagoras' method of setting opposed logoi against one another in civic, ethical, theological, and theoretical disputes. western thought eastern mediterranean hellenic–aegean sphere logic rhetoric","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Western Thought","DataTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataTerraRegion":"Hellenic–Aegean Sphere","DataCoreAreas":"Logic Rhetoric","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"Antilogies","DataFilterSearch":"Antilogies 443 BCE Antilogies is registered as the lost two-sided argument work tied to Protagoras' method of setting opposed logoi against one another in civic, ethical, theological, and theoretical disputes. Western Thought Eastern Mediterranean Hellenic–Aegean Sphere Logic Rhetoric","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Western Thought","DataFilterTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Hellenic–Aegean Sphere","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Logic Rhetoric","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"-443"},{"Title":"The Art of Controversy","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/protagoras-of-abdera/the-art-of-controversy/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":true,"Copies":["442 BCE","Full text available","The Art of Controversy registers the Diogenes Laertius catalogue title for Protagoras' technique of controversial argument, disputation, and public dialectical display."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"442 BCE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"Full text available","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy dz-philo__work-full-text","Style":"font:700 12px/1.4 var(–ui);letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6f5613"},{"Text":"The Art of Controversy registers the Diogenes Laertius catalogue title for Protagoras' technique of controversial argument, disputation, and public dialectical display.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"The Art of Controversy 442 BCE Full text available The Art of Controversy registers the Diogenes Laertius catalogue title for Protagoras' technique of controversial argument, disputation, and public dialectical display.","Style":"background:#fff7dc;border-color:rgba(111,86,19,.35)","DataSearch":"the art of controversy 442 bce the art of controversy registers the diogenes laertius catalogue title for protagoras' technique of controversial argument, disputation, and public dialectical display. western thought eastern mediterranean hellenic–aegean sphere logic philosophical method","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Western Thought","DataTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataTerraRegion":"Hellenic–Aegean Sphere","DataCoreAreas":"Logic Philosophical Method","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"The Art of Controversy","DataFilterSearch":"The Art of Controversy 442 BCE The Art of Controversy registers the Diogenes Laertius catalogue title for Protagoras' technique of controversial argument, disputation, and public dialectical display. Western Thought Eastern Mediterranean Hellenic–Aegean Sphere Logic Philosophical Method","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Western Thought","DataFilterTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Hellenic–Aegean Sphere","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Logic Philosophical Method","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"-442"},{"Title":"On Wrestling","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/protagoras-of-abdera/on-wrestling/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["441 BCE","On Wrestling is registered as a catalogue title reflecting the broad sophistic training of body, contest, discipline, and practical excellence rather than a surviving athletic manual."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"441 BCE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"On Wrestling is registered as a catalogue title reflecting the broad sophistic training of body, contest, discipline, and practical excellence rather than a surviving athletic manual.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"On Wrestling 441 BCE On Wrestling is registered as a catalogue title reflecting the broad sophistic training of body, contest, discipline, and practical excellence rather than a surviving athletic manual.","Style":"","DataSearch":"on wrestling 441 bce on wrestling is registered as a catalogue title reflecting the broad sophistic training of body, contest, discipline, and practical excellence rather than a surviving athletic manual. western thought eastern mediterranean hellenic–aegean sphere physical education ethics","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Western Thought","DataTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataTerraRegion":"Hellenic–Aegean Sphere","DataCoreAreas":"Physical Education Ethics","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"On Wrestling","DataFilterSearch":"On Wrestling 441 BCE On Wrestling is registered as a catalogue title reflecting the broad sophistic training of body, contest, discipline, and practical excellence rather than a surviving athletic manual. Western Thought Eastern Mediterranean Hellenic–Aegean Sphere Physical Education Ethics","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Western Thought","DataFilterTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Hellenic–Aegean Sphere","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Physical Education Ethics","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"-441"},{"Title":"On Mathematics","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/protagoras-of-abdera/on-mathematics/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["440 BCE","On Mathematics registers the catalogue title connecting Protagoras with mathematical learning, proof, and the contested place of mathematical training in sophistic education."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"440 BCE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"On Mathematics registers the catalogue title connecting Protagoras with mathematical learning, proof, and the contested place of mathematical training in sophistic education.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"On Mathematics 440 BCE On Mathematics registers the catalogue title connecting Protagoras with mathematical learning, proof, and the contested place of mathematical training in sophistic education.","Style":"","DataSearch":"on mathematics 440 bce on mathematics registers the catalogue title connecting protagoras with mathematical learning, proof, and the contested place of mathematical training in sophistic education. western thought eastern mediterranean hellenic–aegean sphere mathematics epistemology","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Western Thought","DataTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataTerraRegion":"Hellenic–Aegean Sphere","DataCoreAreas":"Mathematics Epistemology","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"On Mathematics","DataFilterSearch":"On Mathematics 440 BCE On Mathematics registers the catalogue title connecting Protagoras with mathematical learning, proof, and the contested place of mathematical training in sophistic education. Western Thought Eastern Mediterranean Hellenic–Aegean Sphere Mathematics Epistemology","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Western Thought","DataFilterTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Hellenic–Aegean Sphere","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Mathematics Epistemology","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"-440"},{"Title":"On the State","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/protagoras-of-abdera/on-the-state/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["439 BCE","On the State registers Protagoras' political teaching around civic virtue, law, democratic participation, and the political art."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"439 BCE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"On the State registers Protagoras' political teaching around civic virtue, law, democratic participation, and the political art.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"On the State 439 BCE On the State registers Protagoras' political teaching around civic virtue, law, democratic participation, and the political art.","Style":"","DataSearch":"on the state 439 bce on the state registers protagoras' political teaching around civic virtue, law, democratic participation, and the political art. western thought eastern mediterranean hellenic–aegean sphere political philosophy ethics","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Western Thought","DataTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataTerraRegion":"Hellenic–Aegean Sphere","DataCoreAreas":"Political Philosophy Ethics","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"On the State","DataFilterSearch":"On the State 439 BCE On the State registers Protagoras' political teaching around civic virtue, law, democratic participation, and the political art. Western Thought Eastern Mediterranean Hellenic–Aegean Sphere Political Philosophy Ethics","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Western Thought","DataFilterTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Hellenic–Aegean Sphere","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Political Philosophy Ethics","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"-439"},{"Title":"On Ambition","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/protagoras-of-abdera/on-ambition/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["438 BCE","On Ambition is registered as a lost ethical-political title about honor, reputation, public striving, and the education of ambitious citizens."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"438 BCE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"On Ambition is registered as a lost ethical-political title about honor, reputation, public striving, and the education of ambitious citizens.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"On Ambition 438 BCE On Ambition is registered as a lost ethical-political title about honor, reputation, public striving, and the education of ambitious citizens.","Style":"","DataSearch":"on ambition 438 bce on ambition is registered as a lost ethical-political title about honor, reputation, public striving, and the education of ambitious citizens. western thought eastern mediterranean hellenic–aegean sphere ethics political philosophy","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Western Thought","DataTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataTerraRegion":"Hellenic–Aegean Sphere","DataCoreAreas":"Ethics Political Philosophy","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"On Ambition","DataFilterSearch":"On Ambition 438 BCE On Ambition is registered as a lost ethical-political title about honor, reputation, public striving, and the education of ambitious citizens. Western Thought Eastern Mediterranean Hellenic–Aegean Sphere Ethics Political Philosophy","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Western Thought","DataFilterTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Hellenic–Aegean Sphere","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Ethics Political Philosophy","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"-438"},{"Title":"On Virtues","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/protagoras-of-abdera/on-virtues/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["437 BCE","On Virtues registers Protagoras' claim to teach virtue and the civic excellences needed for life in the polis."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"437 BCE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"On Virtues registers Protagoras' claim to teach virtue and the civic excellences needed for life in the polis.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"On Virtues 437 BCE On Virtues registers Protagoras' claim to teach virtue and the civic excellences needed for life in the polis.","Style":"","DataSearch":"on virtues 437 bce on virtues registers protagoras' claim to teach virtue and the civic excellences needed for life in the polis. western thought eastern mediterranean hellenic–aegean sphere ethics political philosophy","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Western Thought","DataTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataTerraRegion":"Hellenic–Aegean Sphere","DataCoreAreas":"Ethics Political Philosophy","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"On Virtues","DataFilterSearch":"On Virtues 437 BCE On Virtues registers Protagoras' claim to teach virtue and the civic excellences needed for life in the polis. Western Thought Eastern Mediterranean Hellenic–Aegean Sphere Ethics Political Philosophy","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Western Thought","DataFilterTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Hellenic–Aegean Sphere","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Ethics Political Philosophy","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"-437"},{"Title":"On the Ancient Order of Things","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/protagoras-of-abdera/on-the-ancient-order-of-things/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["436 BCE","On the Ancient Order of Things is registered as a lost title associated with origins, early order, human development, and Protagoras' interest in how civic life is organized."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"436 BCE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"On the Ancient Order of Things is registered as a lost title associated with origins, early order, human development, and Protagoras' interest in how civic life is organized.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"On the Ancient Order of Things 436 BCE On the Ancient Order of Things is registered as a lost title associated with origins, early order, human development, and Protagoras' interest in how civic life is organized.","Style":"","DataSearch":"on the ancient order of things 436 bce on the ancient order of things is registered as a lost title associated with origins, early order, human development, and protagoras' interest in how civic life is organized. western thought eastern mediterranean hellenic–aegean sphere history natural philosophy","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Western Thought","DataTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataTerraRegion":"Hellenic–Aegean Sphere","DataCoreAreas":"History Natural Philosophy","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"On the Ancient Order of Things","DataFilterSearch":"On the Ancient Order of Things 436 BCE On the Ancient Order of Things is registered as a lost title associated with origins, early order, human development, and Protagoras' interest in how civic life is organized. Western Thought Eastern Mediterranean Hellenic–Aegean Sphere History Natural Philosophy","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Western Thought","DataFilterTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Hellenic–Aegean Sphere","DataFilterCoreAreas":"History Natural Philosophy","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"-436"},{"Title":"On the Dwellers in Hades","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/protagoras-of-abdera/on-the-dwellers-in-hades/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["435 BCE","On the Dwellers in Hades registers the lost title tied to afterlife language, death, and religious imagination in Protagoras' transmitted catalogue."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"435 BCE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"On the Dwellers in Hades registers the lost title tied to afterlife language, death, and religious imagination in Protagoras' transmitted catalogue.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"On the Dwellers in Hades 435 BCE On the Dwellers in Hades registers the lost title tied to afterlife language, death, and religious imagination in Protagoras' transmitted catalogue.","Style":"","DataSearch":"on the dwellers in hades 435 bce on the dwellers in hades registers the lost title tied to afterlife language, death, and religious imagination in protagoras' transmitted catalogue. western thought eastern mediterranean hellenic–aegean sphere philosophy of religion ethics","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Western Thought","DataTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataTerraRegion":"Hellenic–Aegean Sphere","DataCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Religion Ethics","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"On the Dwellers in Hades","DataFilterSearch":"On the Dwellers in Hades 435 BCE On the Dwellers in Hades registers the lost title tied to afterlife language, death, and religious imagination in Protagoras' transmitted catalogue. Western Thought Eastern Mediterranean Hellenic–Aegean Sphere Philosophy of Religion Ethics","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Western Thought","DataFilterTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Hellenic–Aegean Sphere","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Religion Ethics","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"-435"},{"Title":"Of the Misdeeds of Mankind","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/protagoras-of-abdera/of-the-misdeeds-of-mankind/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["434 BCE","Of the Misdeeds of Mankind registers a lost ethical-political title on human wrongdoing, civic disorder, and the need for education in justice and shame."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"434 BCE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"Of the Misdeeds of Mankind registers a lost ethical-political title on human wrongdoing, civic disorder, and the need for education in justice and shame.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"Of the Misdeeds of Mankind 434 BCE Of the Misdeeds of Mankind registers a lost ethical-political title on human wrongdoing, civic disorder, and the need for education in justice and shame.","Style":"","DataSearch":"of the misdeeds of mankind 434 bce of the misdeeds of mankind registers a lost ethical-political title on human wrongdoing, civic disorder, and the need for education in justice and shame. western thought eastern mediterranean hellenic–aegean sphere ethics political philosophy","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Western Thought","DataTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataTerraRegion":"Hellenic–Aegean Sphere","DataCoreAreas":"Ethics Political Philosophy","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"Of the Misdeeds of Mankind","DataFilterSearch":"Of the Misdeeds of Mankind 434 BCE Of the Misdeeds of Mankind registers a lost ethical-political title on human wrongdoing, civic disorder, and the need for education in justice and shame. Western Thought Eastern Mediterranean Hellenic–Aegean Sphere Ethics Political Philosophy","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Western Thought","DataFilterTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Hellenic–Aegean Sphere","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Ethics Political Philosophy","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"-434"},{"Title":"Book of Precepts","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/protagoras-of-abdera/book-of-precepts/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["433 BCE","Book of Precepts registers the catalogue title for Protagoras' practical instruction, moral advice, and educational orientation as a paid sophist."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"433 BCE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"Book of Precepts registers the catalogue title for Protagoras' practical instruction, moral advice, and educational orientation as a paid sophist.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"Book of Precepts 433 BCE Book of Precepts registers the catalogue title for Protagoras' practical instruction, moral advice, and educational orientation as a paid sophist.","Style":"","DataSearch":"book of precepts 433 bce book of precepts registers the catalogue title for protagoras' practical instruction, moral advice, and educational orientation as a paid sophist. western thought eastern mediterranean hellenic–aegean sphere ethics education","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Western Thought","DataTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataTerraRegion":"Hellenic–Aegean Sphere","DataCoreAreas":"Ethics Education","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"Book of Precepts","DataFilterSearch":"Book of Precepts 433 BCE Book of Precepts registers the catalogue title for Protagoras' practical instruction, moral advice, and educational orientation as a paid sophist. Western Thought Eastern Mediterranean Hellenic–Aegean Sphere Ethics Education","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Western Thought","DataFilterTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Hellenic–Aegean Sphere","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Ethics Education","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"-433"},{"Title":"On Forensic Speech for a Fee","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/protagoras-of-abdera/on-forensic-speech-for-a-fee/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["432 BCE","On Forensic Speech for a Fee registers the two-book title about paid legal-rhetorical argument, opposed speeches, persuasion, and courtroom technique."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"432 BCE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"On Forensic Speech for a Fee registers the two-book title about paid legal-rhetorical argument, opposed speeches, persuasion, and courtroom technique.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"On Forensic Speech for a Fee 432 BCE On Forensic Speech for a Fee registers the two-book title about paid legal-rhetorical argument, opposed speeches, persuasion, and courtroom technique.","Style":"","DataSearch":"on forensic speech for a fee 432 bce on forensic speech for a fee registers the two-book title about paid legal-rhetorical argument, opposed speeches, persuasion, and courtroom technique. western thought eastern mediterranean hellenic–aegean sphere rhetoric philosophy of law","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Western Thought","DataTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataTerraRegion":"Hellenic–Aegean Sphere","DataCoreAreas":"Rhetoric Philosophy of Law","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"On Forensic Speech for a Fee","DataFilterSearch":"On Forensic Speech for a Fee 432 BCE On Forensic Speech for a Fee registers the two-book title about paid legal-rhetorical argument, opposed speeches, persuasion, and courtroom technique. Western Thought Eastern Mediterranean Hellenic–Aegean Sphere Rhetoric Philosophy of Law","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Western Thought","DataFilterTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Hellenic–Aegean Sphere","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Rhetoric Philosophy of Law","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"-432"},{"Title":"On the Gods","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/protagoras-of-abdera/on-the-gods/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["431 BCE","On the Gods registers Protagoras' famous agnostic opening about human inability to know whether gods exist or what they are like."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"431 BCE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"On the Gods registers Protagoras' famous agnostic opening about human inability to know whether gods exist or what they are like.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"On the Gods 431 BCE On the Gods registers Protagoras' famous agnostic opening about human inability to know whether gods exist or what they are like.","Style":"","DataSearch":"on the gods 431 bce on the gods registers protagoras' famous agnostic opening about human inability to know whether gods exist or what they are like. western thought eastern mediterranean hellenic–aegean sphere philosophy of religion epistemology","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Western Thought","DataTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataTerraRegion":"Hellenic–Aegean Sphere","DataCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Religion Epistemology","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"On the Gods","DataFilterSearch":"On the Gods 431 BCE On the Gods registers Protagoras' famous agnostic opening about human inability to know whether gods exist or what they are like. Western Thought Eastern Mediterranean Hellenic–Aegean Sphere Philosophy of Religion Epistemology","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Western Thought","DataFilterTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Hellenic–Aegean Sphere","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Religion Epistemology","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"-431"}],"Relations":{"Influences":{"Title":"Influences","Cards":[{"Title":"Heraclitus of Ephesus","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/heraclitus-of-ephesus/","ClassName":"dz-philo__hub-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["535 BCE – 475 BCE","Ephesus, Ionia","Ionian Greek Presocratic philosopher from Ephesus whose fragments on logos, flux, fire, unity of opposites, measure, self-knowledge, law, soul, and hidden harmony helped shape metaphysics, epistemology, logic, language, natural philosophy, religion, and later process thought."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"535 BCE – 475 BCE","ClassName":"dz-philo__hub-card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"Ephesus, Ionia","ClassName":"dz-philo__hub-card-copy dz-philo__hub-card-location","Style":"font-weight:700"},{"Text":"Ionian Greek Presocratic philosopher from Ephesus whose fragments on logos, flux, fire, unity of opposites, measure, self-knowledge, law, soul, and hidden harmony helped shape metaphysics, epistemology, logic, language, natural philosophy, religion, and later process thought.","ClassName":"dz-philo__hub-card-copy","Style":""}],"MediaSrc":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/heraclitus-of-ephesus-01-bust-no-3-of-the-hall-of-philosophers-capitoline.jpg","MediaAlt":"Bust from the Capitoline Hall of Philosophers, sometimes identified as Heraclitus","Text":"Heraclitus of Ephesus 535 BCE – 475 BCE Ephesus, Ionia Ionian Greek Presocratic philosopher from Ephesus whose fragments on logos, flux, fire, unity of opposites, measure, self-knowledge, law, soul, and hidden harmony helped shape metaphysics, epistemology, logic, language, natural philosophy, religion, and later process thought.","Style":"","DataSearch":"heraclitus of ephesus heraclitus of ephesus ἡράκλειτος ὁ ἐφέσιος heraclitus; herakleitos; heraclitus the obscure; the weeping philosopher 535 bce – 475 bce ephesus, ionia turkey ancient history classical antiquity western thought eastern mediterranean anatolian rim & turkish straits metaphysics epistemology logic ethics political philosophy philosophy of mind philosophy of language philosophy of science philosophy of religion","DataPeriod":"Ancient History","DataEra":"Classical Antiquity","DataRegion":"Western Thought","DataTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataTerraRegion":"Anatolian Rim & Turkish Straits","DataCoreAreas":"Metaphysics|Epistemology|Logic|Ethics|Political Philosophy|Philosophy of Mind|Philosophy of Language|Philosophy of Science|Philosophy of Religion","DataSchool":"Heracliteanism","DataFilterTitle":"Heraclitus of Ephesus","DataFilterSearch":"Heraclitus of Ephesus Heraclitus of Ephesus Ἡράκλειτος ὁ Ἐφέσιος Heraclitus; Herakleitos; Heraclitus the Obscure; The Weeping Philosopher 535 BCE – 475 BCE Ephesus, Ionia Turkey Ancient History Classical Antiquity Western Thought Eastern Mediterranean Anatolian Rim & Turkish Straits Metaphysics Epistemology Logic Ethics Political Philosophy Philosophy of Mind Philosophy of Language Philosophy of Science Philosophy of Religion","DataFilterPeriod":"Ancient History","DataFilterEra":"Classical Antiquity","DataFilterRegion":"Western Thought","DataFilterTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Anatolian Rim & Turkish Straits","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Metaphysics|Epistemology|Logic|Ethics|Political Philosophy|Philosophy of Mind|Philosophy of Language|Philosophy of Science|Philosophy of Religion","DataFilterSchool":"Heracliteanism","DataFilterYear":"-535"},{"Title":"Democritus of Abdera","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/democritus-of-abdera/","ClassName":"dz-philo__hub-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["460 BCE – 370 BCE","Abdera, Thrace","Presocratic atomist from Abdera whose philosophy explained nature, mind, perception, ethics, language, mathematics, and religion through atoms, void, causal necessity, and measured cheerfulness."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"460 BCE – 370 BCE","ClassName":"dz-philo__hub-card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"Abdera, Thrace","ClassName":"dz-philo__hub-card-copy dz-philo__hub-card-location","Style":"font-weight:700"},{"Text":"Presocratic atomist from Abdera whose philosophy explained nature, mind, perception, ethics, language, mathematics, and religion through atoms, void, causal necessity, and measured cheerfulness.","ClassName":"dz-philo__hub-card-copy","Style":""}],"MediaSrc":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/democritus-of-abdera-01-met-wedgwood-bust.jpg","MediaAlt":"Democritus Wedgwood bust","Text":"Democritus of Abdera 460 BCE – 370 BCE Abdera, Thrace Presocratic atomist from Abdera whose philosophy explained nature, mind, perception, ethics, language, mathematics, and religion through atoms, void, causal necessity, and measured cheerfulness.","Style":"","DataSearch":"democritus of abdera democritus of abdera δημόκριτος ὁ ἀβδηρίτης democritus; demokritos; democritus the laughing philosopher; democritus of abdera; δημόκριτος 460 bce – 370 bce abdera, thrace greece ancient history classical antiquity western thought eastern mediterranean hellenic–aegean sphere metaphysics epistemology logic ethics aesthetics political philosophy philosophy of mind philosophy of language philosophy of science philosophy of religion","DataPeriod":"Ancient History","DataEra":"Classical Antiquity","DataRegion":"Western Thought","DataTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataTerraRegion":"Hellenic–Aegean Sphere","DataCoreAreas":"Metaphysics|Epistemology|Logic|Ethics|Aesthetics|Political Philosophy|Philosophy of Mind|Philosophy of Language|Philosophy of Science|Philosophy of Religion","DataSchool":"Atomism","DataFilterTitle":"Democritus of Abdera","DataFilterSearch":"Democritus of Abdera Democritus of Abdera Δημόκριτος ὁ Ἀβδηρίτης Democritus; Demokritos; Democritus the Laughing Philosopher; Democritus of Abdera; Δημόκριτος 460 BCE – 370 BCE Abdera, Thrace Greece Ancient History Classical Antiquity Western Thought Eastern Mediterranean Hellenic–Aegean Sphere Metaphysics Epistemology Logic Ethics Aesthetics Political Philosophy Philosophy of Mind Philosophy of Language Philosophy of Science Philosophy of Religion","DataFilterPeriod":"Ancient History","DataFilterEra":"Classical Antiquity","DataFilterRegion":"Western Thought","DataFilterTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Hellenic–Aegean Sphere","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Metaphysics|Epistemology|Logic|Ethics|Aesthetics|Political Philosophy|Philosophy of Mind|Philosophy of Language|Philosophy of Science|Philosophy of Religion","DataFilterSchool":"Atomism","DataFilterYear":"-460"}],"Chips":[]},"Followers":{"Title":"Followers","Cards":[{"Title":"Plato","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/plato/","ClassName":"dz-philo__hub-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["427 BCE – 347 BCE","Athens","Athenian philosopher of Forms, dialectic, recollection, the Good, tripartite soul, philosopher-rule, eros, rhetoric, language, cosmology, theology, the Academy, and the Platonic corpus."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"427 BCE – 347 BCE","ClassName":"dz-philo__hub-card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"Athens","ClassName":"dz-philo__hub-card-copy dz-philo__hub-card-location","Style":"font-weight:700"},{"Text":"Athenian philosopher of Forms, dialectic, recollection, the Good, tripartite soul, philosopher-rule, eros, rhetoric, language, cosmology, theology, the Academy, and the Platonic corpus.","ClassName":"dz-philo__hub-card-copy","Style":""}],"MediaSrc":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/plato-01-capitoline-bust-7.jpg","MediaAlt":"Plato bust in the Capitoline Museums","Text":"Plato 427 BCE – 347 BCE Athens Athenian philosopher of Forms, dialectic, recollection, the Good, tripartite soul, philosopher-rule, eros, rhetoric, language, cosmology, theology, the Academy, and the Platonic corpus.","Style":"","DataSearch":"plato plato platon platon; aristocles; plato of athens 427 bce – 347 bce athens greece ancient history classical antiquity western thought eastern mediterranean hellenic–aegean sphere metaphysics epistemology logic ethics aesthetics political philosophy philosophy of mind philosophy of language philosophy of science philosophy of religion","DataPeriod":"Ancient History","DataEra":"Classical Antiquity","DataRegion":"Western Thought","DataTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataTerraRegion":"Hellenic–Aegean Sphere","DataCoreAreas":"Metaphysics|Epistemology|Logic|Ethics|Aesthetics|Political Philosophy|Philosophy of Mind|Philosophy of Language|Philosophy of Science|Philosophy of Religion","DataSchool":"Platonism","DataFilterTitle":"Plato","DataFilterSearch":"Plato Plato Platon Platon; Aristocles; Plato of Athens 427 BCE – 347 BCE Athens Greece Ancient History Classical Antiquity Western Thought Eastern Mediterranean Hellenic–Aegean Sphere Metaphysics Epistemology Logic Ethics Aesthetics Political Philosophy Philosophy of Mind Philosophy of Language Philosophy of Science Philosophy of Religion","DataFilterPeriod":"Ancient History","DataFilterEra":"Classical Antiquity","DataFilterRegion":"Western Thought","DataFilterTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Hellenic–Aegean Sphere","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Metaphysics|Epistemology|Logic|Ethics|Aesthetics|Political Philosophy|Philosophy of Mind|Philosophy of Language|Philosophy of Science|Philosophy of Religion","DataFilterSchool":"Platonism","DataFilterYear":"-427"},{"Title":"Sextus Empiricus","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/sextus-empiricus/","ClassName":"dz-philo__hub-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["160 CE – 210 CE","Alexandria (probable)","Greek Pyrrhonian skeptic associated with Alexandria whose surviving works made suspension of judgment, the criterion problem, attacks on proof and signs, and anti-dogmatic inquiry central to later epistemology."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"160 CE – 210 CE","ClassName":"dz-philo__hub-card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"Alexandria (probable)","ClassName":"dz-philo__hub-card-copy dz-philo__hub-card-location","Style":"font-weight:700"},{"Text":"Greek Pyrrhonian skeptic associated with Alexandria whose surviving works made suspension of judgment, the criterion problem, attacks on proof and signs, and anti-dogmatic inquiry central to later epistemology.","ClassName":"dz-philo__hub-card-copy","Style":""}],"MediaSrc":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/sextus-empiricus-01-riedel-engraving-1801.jpg","MediaAlt":"Sextus Empiricus in an 1801 Riedel engraving","Text":"Sextus Empiricus 160 CE – 210 CE Alexandria (probable) Greek Pyrrhonian skeptic associated with Alexandria whose surviving works made suspension of judgment, the criterion problem, attacks on proof and signs, and anti-dogmatic inquiry central to later epistemology.","Style":"","DataSearch":"sextus empiricus sextus empiricus σέξτος ἐμπειρικός sextus; sextus the empiric; sexti empirici; sextus empiricus of alexandria; σέξτος ἐμπειρικός 160 ce – 210 ce alexandria (probable) egypt ancient history classical antiquity western thought egypt nile delta & mediterranean gate metaphysics epistemology logic ethics philosophy of mind philosophy of language philosophy of science philosophy of religion","DataPeriod":"Ancient History","DataEra":"Classical Antiquity","DataRegion":"Western Thought","DataTerra":"Egypt","DataTerraRegion":"Nile Delta & Mediterranean Gate","DataCoreAreas":"Metaphysics|Epistemology|Logic|Ethics|Philosophy of Mind|Philosophy of Language|Philosophy of Science|Philosophy of Religion","DataSchool":"Pyrrhonism","DataFilterTitle":"Sextus Empiricus","DataFilterSearch":"Sextus Empiricus Sextus Empiricus Σέξτος Ἐμπειρικός Sextus; Sextus the Empiric; Sexti Empirici; Sextus Empiricus of Alexandria; Σέξτος Ἐμπειρικός 160 CE – 210 CE Alexandria (probable) Egypt Ancient History Classical Antiquity Western Thought Egypt Nile Delta & Mediterranean Gate Metaphysics Epistemology Logic Ethics Philosophy of Mind Philosophy of Language Philosophy of Science Philosophy of Religion","DataFilterPeriod":"Ancient History","DataFilterEra":"Classical Antiquity","DataFilterRegion":"Western Thought","DataFilterTerra":"Egypt","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Nile Delta & Mediterranean Gate","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Metaphysics|Epistemology|Logic|Ethics|Philosophy of Mind|Philosophy of Language|Philosophy of Science|Philosophy of Religion","DataFilterSchool":"Pyrrhonism","DataFilterYear":"160"}],"Chips":[]}},"Contributions":[{"Title":"Metaphysics","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/core-areas-of-philosophy/metaphysics/","Copies":["Protagoras framed reality as encountered through human appearances and standards, especially in the man-measure thesis and later relativist reception."],"Text":"Metaphysics Protagoras framed reality as encountered through human appearances and standards, especially in the man-measure thesis and later relativist reception.","Style":"","DataRegion":"","DataTerra":"","DataTerraRegion":"","CopyItems":[{"Text":"Protagoras framed reality as encountered through human appearances and standards, especially in the man-measure thesis and later relativist reception.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}]},{"Title":"Epistemology","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/core-areas-of-philosophy/epistemology/","Copies":["His epistemology centers perception, judgment, usefulness, and the claim that human knowing is measured from the standpoint of the knower."],"Text":"Epistemology His epistemology centers perception, judgment, usefulness, and the claim that human knowing is measured from the standpoint of the knower.","Style":"","DataRegion":"","DataTerra":"","DataTerraRegion":"","CopyItems":[{"Text":"His epistemology centers perception, judgment, usefulness, and the claim that human knowing is measured from the standpoint of the knower.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}]},{"Title":"Logic","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/core-areas-of-philosophy/logic/","Copies":["Protagoras is central to antilogy, opposed arguments, controversial reasoning, and the skill of making rival cases persuasive."],"Text":"Logic Protagoras is central to antilogy, opposed arguments, controversial reasoning, and the skill of making rival cases persuasive.","Style":"","DataRegion":"","DataTerra":"","DataTerraRegion":"","CopyItems":[{"Text":"Protagoras is central to antilogy, opposed arguments, controversial reasoning, and the skill of making rival cases persuasive.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}]},{"Title":"Ethics","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/core-areas-of-philosophy/ethics/","Copies":["His ethics joins teachability of virtue, civic shame, justice, practical excellence, and the formation of citizens through education."],"Text":"Ethics His ethics joins teachability of virtue, civic shame, justice, practical excellence, and the formation of citizens through education.","Style":"","DataRegion":"","DataTerra":"","DataTerraRegion":"","CopyItems":[{"Text":"His ethics joins teachability of virtue, civic shame, justice, practical excellence, and the formation of citizens through education.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}]},{"Title":"Aesthetics","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/core-areas-of-philosophy/aesthetics/","Copies":["His sophistic display uses myth, public performance, poetic interpretation, and carefully shaped speeches as philosophical pedagogy."],"Text":"Aesthetics His sophistic display uses myth, public performance, poetic interpretation, and carefully shaped speeches as philosophical pedagogy.","Style":"","DataRegion":"","DataTerra":"","DataTerraRegion":"","CopyItems":[{"Text":"His sophistic display uses myth, public performance, poetic interpretation, and carefully shaped speeches as philosophical pedagogy.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}]},{"Title":"Political Philosophy","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/core-areas-of-philosophy/political-philosophy/","Copies":["Protagoras defended civic education, democratic participation, law, convention, and the political art in the setting of the Greek polis."],"Text":"Political Philosophy Protagoras defended civic education, democratic participation, law, convention, and the political art in the setting of the Greek polis.","Style":"","DataRegion":"","DataTerra":"","DataTerraRegion":"","CopyItems":[{"Text":"Protagoras defended civic education, democratic participation, law, convention, and the political art in the setting of the Greek polis.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}]},{"Title":"Philosophy of Mind","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/core-areas-of-philosophy/philosophy-of-mind/","Copies":["His surviving reputation turns on appearance, persuasion, judgment, deliberation, and how different human standpoints make the world meaningful."],"Text":"Philosophy of Mind His surviving reputation turns on appearance, persuasion, judgment, deliberation, and how different human standpoints make the world meaningful.","Style":"","DataRegion":"","DataTerra":"","DataTerraRegion":"","CopyItems":[{"Text":"His surviving reputation turns on appearance, persuasion, judgment, deliberation, and how different human standpoints make the world meaningful.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}]},{"Title":"Philosophy of Language","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/core-areas-of-philosophy/philosophy-of-language/","Copies":["Protagoras contributed to orthoepeia, grammar, speech forms, correctness of expression, and the analysis of discourse."],"Text":"Philosophy of Language Protagoras contributed to orthoepeia, grammar, speech forms, correctness of expression, and the analysis of discourse.","Style":"","DataRegion":"","DataTerra":"","DataTerraRegion":"","CopyItems":[{"Text":"Protagoras contributed to orthoepeia, grammar, speech forms, correctness of expression, and the analysis of discourse.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}]},{"Title":"Philosophy of Science","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/core-areas-of-philosophy/philosophy-of-science/","Copies":["The transmitted catalogue gives him mathematical, grammatical, and natural-inquiry titles, though these works survive only through testimony."],"Text":"Philosophy of Science The transmitted catalogue gives him mathematical, grammatical, and natural-inquiry titles, though these works survive only through testimony.","Style":"","DataRegion":"","DataTerra":"","DataTerraRegion":"","CopyItems":[{"Text":"The transmitted catalogue gives him mathematical, grammatical, and natural-inquiry titles, though these works survive only through testimony.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}]},{"Title":"Philosophy of Religion","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/core-areas-of-philosophy/philosophy-of-religion/","Copies":["On the Gods made Protagoras famous for agnosticism about divine existence and for stressing human limits in theological knowledge."],"Text":"Philosophy of Religion On the Gods made Protagoras famous for agnosticism about divine existence and for stressing human limits in theological knowledge.","Style":"","DataRegion":"","DataTerra":"","DataTerraRegion":"","CopyItems":[{"Text":"On the Gods made Protagoras famous for agnosticism about divine existence and for stressing human limits in theological knowledge.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}]}],"OtherVoices":{"Title":"Other Voices","Copy":"Reference entries, source pages, catalog records, image sources, public text indexes, archive pages, and scholarship connected to Protagoras of Abdera.","ButtonText":"Open Other Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/protagoras-of-abdera/protagoras-of-abdera-other-voices/","Links":[{"Title":"SEP","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/stanford-encyclopedia-of-philosophy/","SortRank":1},{"Title":"SEP","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/stanford-encyclopedia-of-philosophy/","SortRank":2},{"Title":"IEP","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/internet-encyclopedia-of-philosophy/","SortRank":3},{"Title":"IEP","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/internet-encyclopedia-of-philosophy/","SortRank":4},{"Title":"Wikipedia","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/wikipedia/","SortRank":5},{"Title":"Wikipedia","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/wikipedia/","SortRank":6},{"Title":"Wikipedia","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/wikipedia/","SortRank":7},{"Title":"Wikipedia","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/wikipedia/","SortRank":8},{"Title":"Wikipedia","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/wikipedia/","SortRank":9},{"Title":"Wikipedia","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/wikipedia/","SortRank":10},{"Title":"Wikipedia","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/wikipedia/","SortRank":11},{"Title":"Wikipedia","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/wikipedia/","SortRank":12},{"Title":"Wikipedia","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/wikipedia/","SortRank":13},{"Title":"Wikipedia","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/wikipedia/","SortRank":14},{"Title":"Perseus","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/perseus-digital-library/","SortRank":15},{"Title":"Perseus","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/perseus-digital-library/","SortRank":16},{"Title":"Perseus","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/perseus-digital-library/","SortRank":17},{"Title":"Perseus","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/perseus-digital-library/","SortRank":18},{"Title":"Perseus","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/perseus-digital-library/","SortRank":19},{"Title":"Perseus","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/perseus-digital-library/","SortRank":20},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":21},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":22},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":23},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":24},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":25},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":26},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":27},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":28},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":29},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":30},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":31},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":32},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":33},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":34},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":35},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":36},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":37},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":38},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":39},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":40},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":41},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":42},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":43},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":44}]},"ComponentSequence":["Page Shell","Top Action Back Link","Profile Kicker","Profile Title","Profile Deck","Visual Identity Section","Context Card Row","Period Card","Era Card","Born Card","Died Card","Geo Card Row","Region Card","Terra Avita Card","Terra Avita Region Card","Modern Country Card","School/Birthplace Row","School Card","Birthplace Card","Image Gallery Section","Image Modal","Main Content Container","Identity Fields Section","Major Works Section","Influences & Followers Section","Influences Subsection","Followers Subsection","Contributions Section","Other Voices Section"],"SectionTitles":["Identity Fields","Major Works","Influences & Followers","Contributions","Other Voices"],"Counts":{"ImageFigures":13,"VideoIframes":0,"MajorWorkCards":14,"RelationCards":4,"RelationChips":0,"ContributionCards":10}}