Antisthenes of Athens
{"TemplateVersion":1,"WpPageId":193709,"ParentWpPageId":159379,"Slug":"antisthenes-of-athens","Title":"Antisthenes of Athens","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/antisthenes-of-athens/","Kicker":"Philosopher Profile","DisplayTitle":"Antisthenes of Athens","Deck":"Athenian Socratic philosopher associated with Cynosarges whose ascetic ethics, virtue-sufficiency thesis, critique of luxury and convention, attacks on Platonic Forms, and paradoxes of definition and predication shaped Cynicism, Stoicism, ancient logic, and philosophy of language.","BackLink":{"Text":"Back to Philosophers","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/"},"ContextCards":[{"Label":"Period","Title":"Ancient History","DateText":"3000 BCE – 499 CE","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/eras-of-thought/philosophers-of-ancient-history/"},{"Label":"Era","Title":"Classical Antiquity","DateText":"500 BCE – 499 CE","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/eras-of-thought/philosophers-of-ancient-history/philosophers-of-classical-antiquity/"},{"Label":"Born","Title":"445 BCE","DateText":"","Url":""},{"Label":"Died","Title":"365 BCE","DateText":"","Url":""}],"GeoCards":[{"Label":"Region","Key":"Region:1"},{"Label":"Terra Avita","Key":"TerraAvita:2"},{"Label":"Terra Avita Region","Key":"TerraAvitaRegion:8"},{"Label":"Modern Country","Key":"Country:GRC:2"}],"School":{"Label":"School","Title":"Cynicism","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/schools/cynicism/","Deck":"Ancient Socratic ascetic school associated with Antisthenes, Diogenes, Crates, Hipparchia, and later Cynic preachers, centered on virtue as sufficient for happiness, self-sufficiency, poverty, shameless frankness, training, freedom from convention, and life according to nature.","Ring":"#C92621","TerraRing":"#C92621"},"Birthplace":{"Title":"Athens (Attica)"},"Images":[{"ImageMasterId":589,"ImageOrdinal":1,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/antisthenes-of-athens-01-portrait-bust-of-antisthenes-found-at-the-villa-of-cassius-at-tivoli.jpg","Alt":"Portrait Bust of Antisthenes","Caption":"Portrait Bust of Antisthenes","Description":"The Roman portrait bust traditionally identified as Antisthenes shows a bearded philosopher with deeply modeled hair and a concentrated expression. The sculptural type gives Antisthenes a visual place among ancient Socratic thinkers.","WpMediaId":232690,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Antisthenes_Pio-Clementino_Inv288.jpg","SourceImageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/Antisthenes_Pio-Clementino_Inv288.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Antisthenes-of-Athens\\antisthenes-of-athens-01-portrait-bust-of-antisthenes-found-at-the-villa-of-cassius-at-tivoli.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":590,"ImageOrdinal":2,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/antisthenes-of-athens-02-marble-bust-of-antisthenes-based-on-the-same-original-british-museum.jpg","Alt":"Marble bust of Antisthenes","Caption":"Marble bust of Antisthenes","Description":"Marble portrait bust of Antisthenes based on the same ancient portrait type.","WpMediaId":232691,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Antisthenes_BM_1838.jpg","SourceImageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Antisthenes_BM_1838.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Antisthenes-of-Athens\\antisthenes-of-athens-02-marble-bust-of-antisthenes-based-on-the-same-original-british-museum.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":591,"ImageOrdinal":3,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/antisthenes-of-athens-03-antisthenes-part-of-a-fresco-in-the-national-university-of-athens.jpg","Alt":"Fresco depiction of Antisthenes","Caption":"Fresco depiction of Antisthenes","Description":"Painted reception image of Antisthenes in the National University of Athens fresco cycle.","WpMediaId":232692,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Antisthenes_Lebiedzki_Rahl.jpg","SourceImageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Antisthenes_Lebiedzki_Rahl.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Antisthenes-of-Athens\\antisthenes-of-athens-03-antisthenes-part-of-a-fresco-in-the-national-university-of-athens.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":1199,"ImageOrdinal":4,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/antisthenes-of-athens-04-bust-of-antisthenes.jpg","Alt":"Bust of Antisthenes","Caption":"Bust of Antisthenes","Description":"Portrait bust identified as Antisthenes, adding a distinct view of the ancient portrait tradition.","WpMediaId":243139,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_bust_of_Antisthenes.jpg","SourceImageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/A_bust_of_Antisthenes.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\antisthenes-of-athens\\antisthenes-of-athens-04-bust-of-antisthenes.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":1200,"ImageOrdinal":5,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/antisthenes-of-athens-05-pushkin-museum-bust.jpg","Alt":"Bust traditionally identified as Antisthenes","Caption":"Bust traditionally identified as Antisthenes","Description":"Sculptural Antisthenes portrait from the wider museum reception tradition.","WpMediaId":243140,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Antisthenes_pushkin.jpg","SourceImageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Antisthenes_pushkin.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\antisthenes-of-athens\\antisthenes-of-athens-05-pushkin-museum-bust.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":1201,"ImageOrdinal":6,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/antisthenes-of-athens-06-antisthenes-the-cynic.jpg","Alt":"Antisthenes the Cynic portrait image","Caption":"Antisthenes the Cynic portrait image","Description":"Later portrait image connecting Antisthenes with the Cynic tradition.","WpMediaId":243141,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Antisthenes_the_Cynic.jpg","SourceImageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Antisthenes_the_Cynic.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\antisthenes-of-athens\\antisthenes-of-athens-06-antisthenes-the-cynic.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":1202,"ImageOrdinal":7,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/antisthenes-of-athens-07-portrait-of-antisthenes-rotated.jpg","Alt":"Portrait of Antisthenes","Caption":"Portrait of Antisthenes","Description":"Portrait image of Antisthenes, visually distinct from the primary Pio-Clementino photograph.","WpMediaId":243142,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Antisthenes_(49345258191).jpg","SourceImageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Portrait_of_Antisthenes_%2849345258191%29.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\antisthenes-of-athens\\antisthenes-of-athens-07-portrait-of-antisthenes.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":1203,"ImageOrdinal":8,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/antisthenes-of-athens-08-four-greek-philosophers-display.jpg","Alt":"Display of Greek philosopher busts including Antisthenes","Caption":"Display of Greek philosopher busts including Antisthenes","Description":"Museum display context showing Antisthenes among Greek philosopher portrait busts.","WpMediaId":243143,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:British_Museum_-_Four_Greek_philosophers.jpg","SourceImageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/British_Museum_-_Four_Greek_philosophers.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\antisthenes-of-athens\\antisthenes-of-athens-08-four-greek-philosophers-display.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":10108,"ImageOrdinal":9,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/antisthenes-of-athens-00-bustes-van-antisthenes-en-cleisthenes-galleria-giustiniana-del-marchese-vincenzo-giustiniani-ii-serietitel-rp-p-2015-6-37-jpg-1.jpg","Alt":"Engraved plate of busts identified as Antisthenes and Cleisthenes","Caption":"Engraved plate of busts identified as Antisthenes and Cleisthenes","Description":"The print shows two classical busts from the Galleria Giustiniana series, identified by the source as Antisthenes and Cleisthenes. It belongs on Antisthenes’ profile as an early modern antiquarian depiction of a bust associated with him.","WpMediaId":319891,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bustes_van_Antisthenes_en_Cleisthenes_Galleria_Giustiniana_del_Marchese_Vincenzo_Giustiniani_II_(serietitel),_RP-P-2015-6-37.jpg","SourceImageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Bustes_van_Antisthenes_en_Cleisthenes_Galleria_Giustiniana_del_Marchese_Vincenzo_Giustiniani_II_%28serietitel%29%2C_RP-P-2015-6-37.jpg/1920px-Bustes_van_Antisthenes_en_Cleisthenes_Galleria_Giustiniana_del_Marchese_Vincenzo_Giustiniani_II_%28serietitel%29%2C_RP-P-2015-6-37.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Antisthenes-Of-Athens\\antisthenes-of-athens-00-bustes-van-antisthenes-en-cleisthenes-galleria-giustiniana-del-marchese-vincenzo-giustiniani-ii-serietitel-rp-p-2015-6-37-jpg.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":10109,"ImageOrdinal":10,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/antisthenes-of-athens-00-depiction-of-antisthenes-at-the-nkua-on-may-22-2022-jpg.jpg","Alt":"Fresco depiction of Antisthenes at the University of Athens","Caption":"Fresco depiction of Antisthenes at the University of Athens","Description":"The photograph shows a painted figure labeled in Greek as Antisthenes on the historic building of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. It belongs on his profile as a modern Greek public depiction of the Cynic philosopher.","WpMediaId":319892,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Depiction_of_Antisthenes_at_the_NKUA_on_May_22,_2022.jpg","SourceImageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Depiction_of_Antisthenes_at_the_NKUA_on_May_22%2C_2022.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Antisthenes-Of-Athens\\antisthenes-of-athens-00-depiction-of-antisthenes-at-the-nkua-on-may-22-2022-jpg.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":10110,"ImageOrdinal":11,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/antisthenes-of-athens-00-antisthenes-line-engraving-wellcome-v0000168-jpg.jpg","Alt":"Wellcome line engraving portrait of Antisthenes","Caption":"Wellcome line engraving portrait of Antisthenes","Description":"The engraving shows Antisthenes in profile inside an oval frame with his name printed above. It belongs on his profile as a named historical portrait print of the Athenian philosopher.","WpMediaId":319893,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Antisthenes._Line_engraving._Wellcome_V0000168.jpg","SourceImageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Antisthenes._Line_engraving._Wellcome_V0000168.jpg/1920px-Antisthenes._Line_engraving._Wellcome_V0000168.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Antisthenes-Of-Athens\\antisthenes-of-athens-00-antisthenes-line-engraving-wellcome-v0000168-jpg.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":10111,"ImageOrdinal":12,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/antisthenes-of-athens-00-giulio-bonasone-diogenes-and-antisthenes-detail-jpg.jpg","Alt":"Diogenes and Antisthenes in a Giulio Bonasone print","Caption":"Diogenes and Antisthenes in a Giulio Bonasone print","Description":"The print detail shows Diogenes and Antisthenes labeled in Greek, with Antisthenes standing at right and holding a club or staff. It belongs on Antisthenes’ profile because it depicts his Cynic lineage and his relation to Diogenes in Renaissance reception.","WpMediaId":319894,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Giulio_Bonasone_-_Diogenes_and_Antisthenes_detail.jpg","SourceImageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Giulio_Bonasone_-_Diogenes_and_Antisthenes_detail.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Antisthenes-Of-Athens\\antisthenes-of-athens-00-giulio-bonasone-diogenes-and-antisthenes-detail-jpg.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":10112,"ImageOrdinal":13,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/antisthenes-of-athens-00-philosophers-twenty-portraits-of-classical-thinkers-engrav-wellcome-v0006810-jpg.jpg","Alt":"Ancient philosophers plate including Antisthenes","Caption":"Ancient philosophers plate including Antisthenes","Description":"The engraving shows twenty labeled classical thinkers, with Antisthenes included among Socrates, Aristotle, Diogenes, and others. It belongs on Antisthenes’ profile as a historical comparative portrait plate that explicitly names him.","WpMediaId":319895,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Philosophers;_twenty_portraits_of_classical_thinkers._Engrav_Wellcome_V0006810.jpg","SourceImageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Philosophers%3B_twenty_portraits_of_classical_thinkers._Engrav_Wellcome_V0006810.jpg/1920px-Philosophers%3B_twenty_portraits_of_classical_thinkers._Engrav_Wellcome_V0006810.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Antisthenes-Of-Athens\\antisthenes-of-athens-00-philosophers-twenty-portraits-of-classical-thinkers-engrav-wellcome-v0006810-jpg.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":10113,"ImageOrdinal":14,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/antisthenes-of-athens-00-antisthenes-antisthenes-titel-op-object-liber-chronicarum-serietitel-rp-p-2016-49-18-10-jpg.jpg","Alt":"Liber Chronicarum woodcut labeled Antisthenes","Caption":"Liber Chronicarum woodcut labeled Antisthenes","Description":"The woodcut shows a seated figure labeled Antisthenes holding scissors and a small object, from the Liber Chronicarum tradition. It belongs on his profile as a named early printed depiction rather than a reliable likeness.","WpMediaId":319896,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Antisthenes_Antisthenes_(titel_op_object)_Liber_Chronicarum_(serietitel),_RP-P-2016-49-18-10.jpg","SourceImageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/Antisthenes_Antisthenes_%28titel_op_object%29_Liber_Chronicarum_%28serietitel%29%2C_RP-P-2016-49-18-10.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Antisthenes-Of-Athens\\antisthenes-of-athens-00-antisthenes-antisthenes-titel-op-object-liber-chronicarum-serietitel-rp-p-2016-49-18-10-jpg.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":10114,"ImageOrdinal":15,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/antisthenes-of-athens-00-the-frescos-on-the-historic-building-of-the-university-of-athens-on-25-september-2021-jpg.jpg","Alt":"University of Athens fresco group with Antisthenes","Caption":"University of Athens fresco group with Antisthenes","Description":"The photograph shows a fresco on the historic University of Athens building, with Antisthenes labeled at the right behind Plato. It belongs on Antisthenes’ profile as a public monumental depiction placing him among Greek philosophical figures.","WpMediaId":319897,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_frescos_on_the_historic_building_of_the_University_of_Athens_on_25_September_2021.jpg","SourceImageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/The_frescos_on_the_historic_building_of_the_University_of_Athens_on_25_September_2021.jpg/1920px-The_frescos_on_the_historic_building_of_the_University_of_Athens_on_25_September_2021.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Antisthenes-Of-Athens\\antisthenes-of-athens-00-the-frescos-on-the-historic-building-of-the-university-of-athens-on-25-september-2021-jpg.jpg"}],"Video":{"Title":"","Iframes":[]},"HasVideo":false,"IdentityFields":[{"Label":"Full Name","Value":"Antisthenes of Athens"},{"Label":"Native Name","Value":"Ἀντισθένης ὁ Ἀθηναῖος"},{"Label":"Other Names","Value":"Antisthenes; Ἀντισθένης; Ἀντισθένης ὁ Ἀθηναῖος"},{"Label":"Sex","Value":"Male"},{"Label":"Nationality","Value":"Athenian Greek"},{"Label":"Religion","Value":"Greek religion"},{"Label":"Mother","Value":""},{"Label":"Father","Value":""}],"MajorWorks":[{"Title":"Ajax","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/antisthenes-of-athens/ajax/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["420 BCE","The speech presents heroic self-defense as an exercise in reputation, virtue, shame, and persuasive self-definition."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"420 BCE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"The speech presents heroic self-defense as an exercise in reputation, virtue, shame, and persuasive self-definition.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"Ajax 420 BCE The speech presents heroic self-defense as an exercise in reputation, virtue, shame, and persuasive self-definition.","Style":"","DataSearch":"ajax 420 bce the speech presents heroic self-defense as an exercise in reputation, virtue, shame, and persuasive self-definition. western thought eastern mediterranean hellenic–aegean sphere ethics philosophy of language","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Western Thought","DataTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataTerraRegion":"Hellenic–Aegean Sphere","DataCoreAreas":"Ethics Philosophy of Language","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"Ajax","DataFilterSearch":"Ajax 420 BCE The speech presents heroic self-defense as an exercise in reputation, virtue, shame, and persuasive self-definition. Western Thought Eastern Mediterranean Hellenic–Aegean Sphere Ethics Philosophy of Language","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Western Thought","DataFilterTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Hellenic–Aegean Sphere","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Ethics Philosophy of Language","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"-420"},{"Title":"Odysseus","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/antisthenes-of-athens/odysseus/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["419 BCE","The speech defends practical intelligence, verbal skill, and strategic endurance as forms of virtue against heroic brute force."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"419 BCE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"The speech defends practical intelligence, verbal skill, and strategic endurance as forms of virtue against heroic brute force.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"Odysseus 419 BCE The speech defends practical intelligence, verbal skill, and strategic endurance as forms of virtue against heroic brute force.","Style":"","DataSearch":"odysseus 419 bce the speech defends practical intelligence, verbal skill, and strategic endurance as forms of virtue against heroic brute force. western thought eastern mediterranean hellenic–aegean sphere ethics philosophy of language","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Western Thought","DataTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataTerraRegion":"Hellenic–Aegean Sphere","DataCoreAreas":"Ethics Philosophy of Language","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"Odysseus","DataFilterSearch":"Odysseus 419 BCE The speech defends practical intelligence, verbal skill, and strategic endurance as forms of virtue against heroic brute force. Western Thought Eastern Mediterranean Hellenic–Aegean Sphere Ethics Philosophy of Language","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Western Thought","DataFilterTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Hellenic–Aegean Sphere","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Ethics Philosophy of Language","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"-419"},{"Title":"Heracles","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/antisthenes-of-athens/heracles/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["399 BCE","Heracles becomes a model of labor, endurance, self-command, and virtue sufficient for happiness."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"399 BCE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"Heracles becomes a model of labor, endurance, self-command, and virtue sufficient for happiness.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"Heracles 399 BCE Heracles becomes a model of labor, endurance, self-command, and virtue sufficient for happiness.","Style":"","DataSearch":"heracles 399 bce heracles becomes a model of labor, endurance, self-command, and virtue sufficient for happiness. western thought eastern mediterranean hellenic–aegean sphere ethics political philosophy","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Western Thought","DataTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataTerraRegion":"Hellenic–Aegean Sphere","DataCoreAreas":"Ethics Political Philosophy","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"Heracles","DataFilterSearch":"Heracles 399 BCE Heracles becomes a model of labor, endurance, self-command, and virtue sufficient for happiness. Western Thought Eastern Mediterranean Hellenic–Aegean Sphere Ethics Political Philosophy","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Western Thought","DataFilterTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Hellenic–Aegean Sphere","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Ethics Political Philosophy","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"-399"},{"Title":"Cyrus","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/antisthenes-of-athens/cyrus/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["398 BCE","Kingship is tested through the education, self-mastery, and moral authority of the ruler rather than mere power."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"398 BCE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"Kingship is tested through the education, self-mastery, and moral authority of the ruler rather than mere power.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"Cyrus 398 BCE Kingship is tested through the education, self-mastery, and moral authority of the ruler rather than mere power.","Style":"","DataSearch":"cyrus 398 bce kingship is tested through the education, self-mastery, and moral authority of the ruler rather than mere power. western thought eastern mediterranean hellenic–aegean sphere political philosophy ethics","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Western Thought","DataTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataTerraRegion":"Hellenic–Aegean Sphere","DataCoreAreas":"Political Philosophy Ethics","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"Cyrus","DataFilterSearch":"Cyrus 398 BCE Kingship is tested through the education, self-mastery, and moral authority of the ruler rather than mere power. Western Thought Eastern Mediterranean Hellenic–Aegean Sphere Political Philosophy Ethics","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Western Thought","DataFilterTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Hellenic–Aegean Sphere","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Political Philosophy Ethics","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"-398"},{"Title":"Alcibiades","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/antisthenes-of-athens/alcibiades/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["397 BCE","The figure of Alcibiades frames the danger of talent without self-command, virtue, and disciplined philosophical education."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"397 BCE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"The figure of Alcibiades frames the danger of talent without self-command, virtue, and disciplined philosophical education.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"Alcibiades 397 BCE The figure of Alcibiades frames the danger of talent without self-command, virtue, and disciplined philosophical education.","Style":"","DataSearch":"alcibiades 397 bce the figure of alcibiades frames the danger of talent without self-command, virtue, and disciplined philosophical education. western thought eastern mediterranean hellenic–aegean sphere ethics political philosophy","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Western Thought","DataTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataTerraRegion":"Hellenic–Aegean Sphere","DataCoreAreas":"Ethics Political Philosophy","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"Alcibiades","DataFilterSearch":"Alcibiades 397 BCE The figure of Alcibiades frames the danger of talent without self-command, virtue, and disciplined philosophical education. Western Thought Eastern Mediterranean Hellenic–Aegean Sphere Ethics Political Philosophy","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Western Thought","DataFilterTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Hellenic–Aegean Sphere","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Ethics Political Philosophy","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"-397"},{"Title":"Archelaus","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/antisthenes-of-athens/archelaus/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["396 BCE","Rule, wealth, legitimacy, and virtue are tested through the figure of Archelaus and the moral risks of power."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"396 BCE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"Rule, wealth, legitimacy, and virtue are tested through the figure of Archelaus and the moral risks of power.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"Archelaus 396 BCE Rule, wealth, legitimacy, and virtue are tested through the figure of Archelaus and the moral risks of power.","Style":"","DataSearch":"archelaus 396 bce rule, wealth, legitimacy, and virtue are tested through the figure of archelaus and the moral risks of power. western thought eastern mediterranean hellenic–aegean sphere political philosophy ethics","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Western Thought","DataTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataTerraRegion":"Hellenic–Aegean Sphere","DataCoreAreas":"Political Philosophy Ethics","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"Archelaus","DataFilterSearch":"Archelaus 396 BCE Rule, wealth, legitimacy, and virtue are tested through the figure of Archelaus and the moral risks of power. Western Thought Eastern Mediterranean Hellenic–Aegean Sphere Political Philosophy Ethics","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Western Thought","DataFilterTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Hellenic–Aegean Sphere","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Political Philosophy Ethics","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"-396"},{"Title":"Sathon, or On Contradiction","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/antisthenes-of-athens/sathon-or-on-contradiction/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["395 BCE","Antisthenes challenges contradiction, predication, and definition in ways that attack Platonic dialectic and abstract Forms."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"395 BCE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"Antisthenes challenges contradiction, predication, and definition in ways that attack Platonic dialectic and abstract Forms.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"Sathon, or On Contradiction 395 BCE Antisthenes challenges contradiction, predication, and definition in ways that attack Platonic dialectic and abstract Forms.","Style":"","DataSearch":"sathon, or on contradiction 395 bce antisthenes challenges contradiction, predication, and definition in ways that attack platonic dialectic and abstract forms. western thought eastern mediterranean hellenic–aegean sphere logic philosophy of language","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Western Thought","DataTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataTerraRegion":"Hellenic–Aegean Sphere","DataCoreAreas":"Logic Philosophy of Language","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"Sathon, or On Contradiction","DataFilterSearch":"Sathon, or On Contradiction 395 BCE Antisthenes challenges contradiction, predication, and definition in ways that attack Platonic dialectic and abstract Forms. Western Thought Eastern Mediterranean Hellenic–Aegean Sphere Logic Philosophy of Language","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Western Thought","DataFilterTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Hellenic–Aegean Sphere","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Logic Philosophy of Language","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"-395"},{"Title":"Physicus","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/antisthenes-of-athens/physicus/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":true,"Copies":["394 BCE","Full text available","Natural inquiry is subordinated to Socratic-Cynic concerns about what can be known, named, and lived according to virtue."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"394 BCE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"Full text available","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy dz-philo__work-full-text","Style":"font:700 12px/1.4 var(–ui);letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6f5613"},{"Text":"Natural inquiry is subordinated to Socratic-Cynic concerns about what can be known, named, and lived according to virtue.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"Physicus 394 BCE Full text available Natural inquiry is subordinated to Socratic-Cynic concerns about what can be known, named, and lived according to virtue.","Style":"background:#fff7dc;border-color:rgba(111,86,19,.35)","DataSearch":"physicus 394 bce natural inquiry is subordinated to socratic-cynic concerns about what can be known, named, and lived according to virtue. western thought eastern mediterranean hellenic–aegean sphere metaphysics epistemology","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Western Thought","DataTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataTerraRegion":"Hellenic–Aegean Sphere","DataCoreAreas":"Metaphysics Epistemology","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"Physicus","DataFilterSearch":"Physicus 394 BCE Natural inquiry is subordinated to Socratic-Cynic concerns about what can be known, named, and lived according to virtue. Western Thought Eastern Mediterranean Hellenic–Aegean Sphere Metaphysics Epistemology","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Western Thought","DataFilterTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Hellenic–Aegean Sphere","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Metaphysics Epistemology","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"-394"},{"Title":"Politicus","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/antisthenes-of-athens/politicus/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["393 BCE","Political life must be judged by virtue, self-sufficiency, and the critique of conventional prestige rather than civic status alone."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"393 BCE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"Political life must be judged by virtue, self-sufficiency, and the critique of conventional prestige rather than civic status alone.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"Politicus 393 BCE Political life must be judged by virtue, self-sufficiency, and the critique of conventional prestige rather than civic status alone.","Style":"","DataSearch":"politicus 393 bce political life must be judged by virtue, self-sufficiency, and the critique of conventional prestige rather than civic status alone. western thought eastern mediterranean hellenic–aegean sphere political philosophy ethics","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Western Thought","DataTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataTerraRegion":"Hellenic–Aegean Sphere","DataCoreAreas":"Political Philosophy Ethics","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"Politicus","DataFilterSearch":"Politicus 393 BCE Political life must be judged by virtue, self-sufficiency, and the critique of conventional prestige rather than civic status alone. Western Thought Eastern Mediterranean Hellenic–Aegean Sphere Political Philosophy Ethics","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Western Thought","DataFilterTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Hellenic–Aegean Sphere","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Political Philosophy Ethics","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"-393"}],"Relations":{"Influences":{"Title":"Influences","Cards":[{"Title":"Socrates","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/socrates/","ClassName":"dz-philo__hub-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["470 BCE – 399 BCE","Alopece, Athens","Ancient Athenian philosopher whose public examination, care of the soul, ethical courage, piety inquiry, and trial shaped the Socratic tradition and classical philosophy."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"470 BCE – 399 BCE","ClassName":"dz-philo__hub-card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"Alopece, Athens","ClassName":"dz-philo__hub-card-copy dz-philo__hub-card-location","Style":"font-weight:700"},{"Text":"Ancient Athenian philosopher whose public examination, care of the soul, ethical courage, piety inquiry, and trial shaped the Socratic tradition and classical philosophy.","ClassName":"dz-philo__hub-card-copy","Style":""}],"MediaSrc":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/socrates-01-louvre-bust-7.jpg","MediaAlt":"Socrates bust at the Louvre","Text":"Socrates 470 BCE – 399 BCE Alopece, Athens Ancient Athenian philosopher whose public examination, care of the soul, ethical courage, piety inquiry, and trial shaped the Socratic tradition and classical philosophy.","Style":"","DataSearch":"socrates socrates σωκράτης sokrates; socrates of athens; socrates of alopece 470 bce – 399 bce alopece, athens greece ancient history classical antiquity western thought eastern mediterranean hellenic–aegean sphere metaphysics epistemology logic ethics aesthetics political philosophy philosophy of mind philosophy of language philosophy of religion","DataPeriod":"Ancient History","DataEra":"Classical Antiquity","DataRegion":"Western Thought","DataTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataTerraRegion":"Hellenic–Aegean Sphere","DataCoreAreas":"Metaphysics|Epistemology|Logic|Ethics|Aesthetics|Political Philosophy|Philosophy of Mind|Philosophy of Language|Philosophy of Religion","DataSchool":"Socratic philosophy","DataFilterTitle":"Socrates","DataFilterSearch":"Socrates Socrates Σωκράτης Sokrates; Socrates of Athens; Socrates of Alopece 470 BCE – 399 BCE Alopece, Athens Greece Ancient History Classical Antiquity Western Thought Eastern Mediterranean Hellenic–Aegean Sphere Metaphysics Epistemology Logic Ethics Aesthetics Political Philosophy Philosophy of Mind Philosophy of Language Philosophy of Religion","DataFilterPeriod":"Ancient History","DataFilterEra":"Classical Antiquity","DataFilterRegion":"Western Thought","DataFilterTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Hellenic–Aegean Sphere","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Metaphysics|Epistemology|Logic|Ethics|Aesthetics|Political Philosophy|Philosophy of Mind|Philosophy of Language|Philosophy of Religion","DataFilterSchool":"Socratic philosophy","DataFilterYear":"-470"},{"Title":"Gorgias of Leontini","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/gorgias-of-leontini/","ClassName":"dz-philo__hub-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["483 BCE – 375 BCE","Leontini (Sicily)","Siceliote Greek sophist and rhetorician from Leontini whose paradoxes about being, knowledge, and communication, and whose display speeches on Helen and Palamedes, made logos, persuasion, belief, and civic speech central problems for philosophy."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"483 BCE – 375 BCE","ClassName":"dz-philo__hub-card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"Leontini (Sicily)","ClassName":"dz-philo__hub-card-copy dz-philo__hub-card-location","Style":"font-weight:700"},{"Text":"Siceliote Greek sophist and rhetorician from Leontini whose paradoxes about being, knowledge, and communication, and whose display speeches on Helen and Palamedes, made logos, persuasion, belief, and civic speech central problems for philosophy.","ClassName":"dz-philo__hub-card-copy","Style":""}],"MediaSrc":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/gorgias-of-leontini-01-pro-loco-lentini-bust.jpg","MediaAlt":"Pro Loco Lentini Gorgias bust","Text":"Gorgias of Leontini 483 BCE – 375 BCE Leontini (Sicily) Siceliote Greek sophist and rhetorician from Leontini whose paradoxes about being, knowledge, and communication, and whose display speeches on Helen and Palamedes, made logos, persuasion, belief, and civic speech central problems for philosophy.","Style":"","DataSearch":"gorgias of leontini gorgias of leontini γοργίας ὁ λεοντῖνος gorgias; gorgias of leontium; gorgias of leontinoi; gorgias leontinus; gorgias the sophist; γοργίας 483 bce – 375 bce leontini (sicily) italy ancient history classical antiquity western thought eastern mediterranean italian peninsula & central med islands metaphysics epistemology logic ethics aesthetics political philosophy philosophy of mind philosophy of language","DataPeriod":"Ancient History","DataEra":"Classical Antiquity","DataRegion":"Western Thought","DataTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataTerraRegion":"Italian Peninsula & Central Med Islands","DataCoreAreas":"Metaphysics|Epistemology|Logic|Ethics|Aesthetics|Political Philosophy|Philosophy of Mind|Philosophy of Language","DataSchool":"Sophism","DataFilterTitle":"Gorgias of Leontini","DataFilterSearch":"Gorgias of Leontini Gorgias of Leontini Γοργίας ὁ Λεοντῖνος Gorgias; Gorgias of Leontium; Gorgias of Leontinoi; Gorgias Leontinus; Gorgias the Sophist; Γοργίας 483 BCE – 375 BCE Leontini (Sicily) Italy Ancient History Classical Antiquity Western Thought Eastern Mediterranean Italian Peninsula & Central Med Islands Metaphysics Epistemology Logic Ethics Aesthetics Political Philosophy Philosophy of Mind Philosophy of Language","DataFilterPeriod":"Ancient History","DataFilterEra":"Classical Antiquity","DataFilterRegion":"Western Thought","DataFilterTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Italian Peninsula & Central Med Islands","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Metaphysics|Epistemology|Logic|Ethics|Aesthetics|Political Philosophy|Philosophy of Mind|Philosophy of Language","DataFilterSchool":"Sophism","DataFilterYear":"-483"}],"Chips":[]},"Followers":{"Title":"Followers","Cards":[{"Title":"Zeno of Citium","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/zeno-of-citium/","ClassName":"dz-philo__hub-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["334 BCE – 262 BCE","Citium / Kition, Cyprus; Greek city with Phoenician colony context","Cypriot Greek founder of Stoicism whose teaching in the Stoa Poikile made virtue, living according to nature, logos, providence, disciplined assent, and rational community central to Hellenistic philosophy."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"334 BCE – 262 BCE","ClassName":"dz-philo__hub-card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"Citium / Kition, Cyprus; Greek city with Phoenician colony context","ClassName":"dz-philo__hub-card-copy dz-philo__hub-card-location","Style":"font-weight:700"},{"Text":"Cypriot Greek founder of Stoicism whose teaching in the Stoa Poikile made virtue, living according to nature, logos, providence, disciplined assent, and rational community central to Hellenistic philosophy.","ClassName":"dz-philo__hub-card-copy","Style":""}],"MediaSrc":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/zeno-of-citium-01-farnese-bust-naples.jpg","MediaAlt":"Farnese bust of Zeno of Citium in Naples","Text":"Zeno of Citium 334 BCE – 262 BCE Citium / Kition, Cyprus; Greek city with Phoenician colony context Cypriot Greek founder of Stoicism whose teaching in the Stoa Poikile made virtue, living according to nature, logos, providence, disciplined assent, and rational community central to Hellenistic philosophy.","Style":"","DataSearch":"zeno of citium zeno of citium ζήνων ὁ κιτιεύς zeno; zenon; zeno of kition; zenon of kition; zeno the stoic; zeno cittieus; founder of stoicism; ζήνων; ζήνων ὁ κιτιεύς 334 bce – 262 bce citium / kition, cyprus; greek city with phoenician colony context cyprus ancient history classical antiquity western thought eastern mediterranean hellenic–aegean sphere metaphysics epistemology logic ethics aesthetics political philosophy philosophy of mind philosophy of language philosophy of science philosophy of religion","DataPeriod":"Ancient History","DataEra":"Classical Antiquity","DataRegion":"Western Thought","DataTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataTerraRegion":"Hellenic–Aegean Sphere","DataCoreAreas":"Metaphysics|Epistemology|Logic|Ethics|Aesthetics|Political Philosophy|Philosophy of Mind|Philosophy of Language|Philosophy of Science|Philosophy of Religion","DataSchool":"Stoicism","DataFilterTitle":"Zeno of Citium","DataFilterSearch":"Zeno of Citium Zeno of Citium Ζήνων ὁ Κιτιεύς Zeno; Zenon; Zeno of Kition; Zenon of Kition; Zeno the Stoic; Zeno Cittieus; founder of Stoicism; Ζήνων; Ζήνων ὁ Κιτιεύς 334 BCE – 262 BCE Citium / Kition, Cyprus; Greek city with Phoenician colony context Cyprus Ancient History Classical Antiquity Western Thought Eastern Mediterranean Hellenic–Aegean Sphere Metaphysics Epistemology Logic Ethics Aesthetics Political Philosophy Philosophy of Mind Philosophy of Language Philosophy of Science Philosophy of Religion","DataFilterPeriod":"Ancient History","DataFilterEra":"Classical Antiquity","DataFilterRegion":"Western Thought","DataFilterTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Hellenic–Aegean Sphere","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Metaphysics|Epistemology|Logic|Ethics|Aesthetics|Political Philosophy|Philosophy of Mind|Philosophy of Language|Philosophy of Science|Philosophy of Religion","DataFilterSchool":"Stoicism","DataFilterYear":"-334"}],"Chips":[]}},"Contributions":[{"Title":"Metaphysics","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/core-areas-of-philosophy/metaphysics/","Copies":["Rejected abstract Platonic Forms and treated things as knowable through their own proper accounts rather than separate universals."],"Text":"Metaphysics Rejected abstract Platonic Forms and treated things as knowable through their own proper accounts rather than separate universals.","Style":"","DataRegion":"","DataTerra":"","DataTerraRegion":"","CopyItems":[{"Text":"Rejected abstract Platonic Forms and treated things as knowable through their own proper accounts rather than separate universals.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}]},{"Title":"Epistemology","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/core-areas-of-philosophy/epistemology/","Copies":["Emphasized direct acquaintance, disciplined experience, and Socratic testing over abstract definition detached from life."],"Text":"Epistemology Emphasized direct acquaintance, disciplined experience, and Socratic testing over abstract definition detached from life.","Style":"","DataRegion":"","DataTerra":"","DataTerraRegion":"","CopyItems":[{"Text":"Emphasized direct acquaintance, disciplined experience, and Socratic testing over abstract definition detached from life.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}]},{"Title":"Logic","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/core-areas-of-philosophy/logic/","Copies":["Pressed paradoxes about definition, predication, contradiction, and naming that made him a key figure in early ancient logic."],"Text":"Logic Pressed paradoxes about definition, predication, contradiction, and naming that made him a key figure in early ancient logic.","Style":"","DataRegion":"","DataTerra":"","DataTerraRegion":"","CopyItems":[{"Text":"Pressed paradoxes about definition, predication, contradiction, and naming that made him a key figure in early ancient logic.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}]},{"Title":"Ethics","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/core-areas-of-philosophy/ethics/","Copies":["Made virtue sufficient for happiness, joined virtue to self-command and askesis, and attacked luxury, reputation, and conventional dependence."],"Text":"Ethics Made virtue sufficient for happiness, joined virtue to self-command and askesis, and attacked luxury, reputation, and conventional dependence.","Style":"","DataRegion":"","DataTerra":"","DataTerraRegion":"","CopyItems":[{"Text":"Made virtue sufficient for happiness, joined virtue to self-command and askesis, and attacked luxury, reputation, and conventional dependence.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}]},{"Title":"Political Philosophy","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/core-areas-of-philosophy/political-philosophy/","Copies":["Critiqued civic prestige, wealth, status, and convention through Cynic anti-conventionalism and Socratic models of self-sufficient virtue."],"Text":"Political Philosophy Critiqued civic prestige, wealth, status, and convention through Cynic anti-conventionalism and Socratic models of self-sufficient virtue.","Style":"","DataRegion":"","DataTerra":"","DataTerraRegion":"","CopyItems":[{"Text":"Critiqued civic prestige, wealth, status, and convention through Cynic anti-conventionalism and Socratic models of self-sufficient virtue.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}]},{"Title":"Philosophy of Language","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/core-areas-of-philosophy/philosophy-of-language/","Copies":["Challenged ordinary predication and definition, linking names, accounts, contradiction, and anti-Platonic semantics to Socratic argument."],"Text":"Philosophy of Language Challenged ordinary predication and definition, linking names, accounts, contradiction, and anti-Platonic semantics to Socratic argument.","Style":"","DataRegion":"","DataTerra":"","DataTerraRegion":"","CopyItems":[{"Text":"Challenged ordinary predication and definition, linking names, accounts, contradiction, and anti-Platonic semantics to Socratic argument.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}]}],"OtherVoices":{"Title":"Other Voices","Copy":"Reference entries, source pages, catalog records, image sources, public text indexes, archive pages, and scholarship connected to Antisthenes of Athens.","ButtonText":"Open Other Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/antisthenes-of-athens/antisthenes-of-athens-other-voices/","Links":[{"Title":"Gutenberg","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/project-gutenberg/","SortRank":1},{"Title":"IEP","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/internet-encyclopedia-of-philosophy/","SortRank":2},{"Title":"IEP","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/internet-encyclopedia-of-philosophy/","SortRank":3},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":4},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":5},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":6},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":7},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":8},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":9},{"Title":"Perseus","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/perseus-digital-library/","SortRank":10},{"Title":"SEP","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/stanford-encyclopedia-of-philosophy/","SortRank":11},{"Title":"Wikipedia","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/wikipedia/","SortRank":12}]},"ComponentSequence":["Page Shell","Top Action Back Link","Profile Kicker","Profile Title","Profile Deck","Visual Identity Section","Context Card Row","Period Card","Era Card","Born Card","Died Card","Geo Card Row","Region Card","Terra Avita Card","Terra Avita Region Card","Modern Country Card","School/Birthplace Row","School Card","Birthplace Card","Image Gallery Section","Image Modal","Main Content Container","Identity Fields Section","Major Works Section","Influences & Followers Section","Influences Subsection","Followers Subsection","Contributions Section","Other Voices Section"],"SectionTitles":["Identity Fields","Major Works","Influences & Followers","Contributions","Other Voices"],"Counts":{"ImageFigures":15,"VideoIframes":0,"MajorWorkCards":9,"RelationCards":3,"RelationChips":0,"ContributionCards":6}}