Cicero (Marcus Tullius Cicero)
{"TemplateVersion":1,"WpPageId":193745,"ParentWpPageId":159379,"Slug":"cicero-marcus-tullius-cicero","Title":"Cicero (Marcus Tullius Cicero)","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/cicero-marcus-tullius-cicero/","Kicker":"Philosopher Profile","DisplayTitle":"Cicero (Marcus Tullius Cicero)","Deck":"Roman statesman, orator, lawyer, and philosopher who turned Greek ethics, skepticism, theology, rhetoric, and republican political thought into enduring Latin civic philosophy.","BackLink":{"Text":"Back to Philosophers","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/"},"ContextCards":[{"Label":"Period","Title":"Ancient History","DateText":"3000 BCE – 499 CE","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/eras-of-thought/philosophers-of-ancient-history/"},{"Label":"Era","Title":"Classical Antiquity","DateText":"500 BCE – 499 CE","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/eras-of-thought/philosophers-of-ancient-history/philosophers-of-classical-antiquity/"},{"Label":"Born","Title":"106 BCE","DateText":"","Url":""},{"Label":"Died","Title":"43 BCE","DateText":"","Url":""}],"GeoCards":[{"Label":"Region","Key":"Region:1"},{"Label":"Terra Avita","Key":"TerraAvita:2"},{"Label":"Terra Avita Region","Key":"TerraAvitaRegion:6"},{"Label":"Modern Country","Key":"Country:ITA:2"}],"School":{"Label":"School","Title":"Academic Skepticism","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/schools/academic-skepticism/","Deck":"Hellenistic Platonic Academy tradition centered on suspension of judgment, anti-dogmatic inquiry, critique of Stoic certainty, and plausible guidance for action under uncertainty.","Ring":"#C92621","TerraRing":"#C92621"},"Birthplace":{"Title":"Arpinum, Roman Republic"},"Images":[{"ImageMasterId":1657,"ImageOrdinal":1,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/cicero-marcus-tullius-cicero-01-borghese-portrait-bust-1.jpg","Alt":"Borghese portrait bust identified as Cicero","Caption":"Borghese portrait bust identified as Cicero","Description":"A bronze-toned portrait bust shows Cicero in Roman dress with a broad forehead, close hair, and direct statesmanlike gaze. 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It belongs because the first-century bust type is central to the Capitoline Museums tradition for Cicero.","WpMediaId":261100,"SourcePageUrl":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/1026/cicero/","SourceImageUrl":"https://www.worldhistory.org/uploads/images/1026.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Cicero-Marcus-Tullius-Cicero\\cicero-marcus-tullius-cicero-02-capitoline-bust.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":1659,"ImageOrdinal":3,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/cicero-marcus-tullius-cicero-03-cornell-cast-bust-1.jpg","Alt":"Cornell cast of a Cicero bust","Caption":"Cornell cast of a Cicero bust","Description":"A plaster cast shows the Cicero portrait type in a teaching collection, with the head and upper chest visible in a museum setting. It belongs because Cornell uses the cast to explain Cicero as Roman politician, philosopher, writer, and orator.","WpMediaId":261101,"SourcePageUrl":"https://www.sonnenberg.arthistory.cornell.edu/7_5_cicero/","SourceImageUrl":"https://www.sonnenberg.arthistory.cornell.edu/assets_images/7_5_cicero/sonnenberg_cicero_1.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Cicero-Marcus-Tullius-Cicero\\cicero-marcus-tullius-cicero-03-cornell-cast-bust.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":1660,"ImageOrdinal":4,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/cicero-marcus-tullius-cicero-04-thorvaldsen-cicero-bust-1.jpg","Alt":"Thorvaldsen Museum Cicero bust","Caption":"Thorvaldsen Museum Cicero bust","Description":"A pale sculptural bust of Cicero appears on a dark plinth with his name visible below. It belongs because it shows later reception of the ancient portrait tradition for the Roman orator and philosopher.","WpMediaId":261102,"SourcePageUrl":"https://www.sonnenberg.arthistory.cornell.edu/7_5_cicero/","SourceImageUrl":"https://www.sonnenberg.arthistory.cornell.edu/assets_images/7_5_cicero/thorvaldsen_cicero.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Cicero-Marcus-Tullius-Cicero\\cicero-marcus-tullius-cicero-04-thorvaldsen-cicero-bust.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":1661,"ImageOrdinal":5,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/cicero-marcus-tullius-cicero-05-getty-imitation-cicero-head-1.jpg","Alt":"Getty head imitating a portrait of Cicero","Caption":"Getty head imitating a portrait of Cicero","Description":"A close marble head shows a stern mature face with short hair, deep lines, and turned gaze. It belongs because Getty titles the object as an imitation of a portrait of Cicero, showing how the Ciceronian portrait type was copied and reworked.","WpMediaId":261103,"SourcePageUrl":"https://www.getty.edu/art/collection/object/105XKT","SourceImageUrl":"https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/86b263d8-eb24-4e54-bf0c-31e0e1d458ff/full/!1200,1200/0/default.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Cicero-Marcus-Tullius-Cicero\\cicero-marcus-tullius-cicero-05-getty-imitation-cicero-head.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":1662,"ImageOrdinal":6,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/cicero-marcus-tullius-cicero-06-getty-possibly-cicero-head-1.jpg","Alt":"Getty Head of a Man possibly representing Cicero","Caption":"Getty Head of a Man possibly representing Cicero","Description":"A German Renaissance alabaster head shows a lined face, forward-combed hair, and a small facial mark associated with Cicero iconography. It belongs because the possible Cicero identification follows the chickpea-name portrait tradition.","WpMediaId":261104,"SourcePageUrl":"https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/head-of-a-man-possibly-cicero/2QF3bZlIujWM6g?hl=en","SourceImageUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qqc1N7t6dlpkRbjUh2iKSpMxDigdhNoQUDxxAQUEJDJ4LgSuGYkEuPuTUewCcPxAO3pLrAmtg=s1200","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Cicero-Marcus-Tullius-Cicero\\cicero-marcus-tullius-cicero-06-getty-possibly-cicero-head.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":1663,"ImageOrdinal":7,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/cicero-marcus-tullius-cicero-07-cleveland-ludovisi-cicero-bust-1.jpg","Alt":"Cleveland Ludovisi Cicero bust variant","Caption":"Cleveland Ludovisi Cicero bust variant","Description":"A polished marble bust with alert eyes, short hair, and a dark stone base shows the so-called Ludovisi Cicero type. It belongs because this long Cicero identification helps explain a major late Republican intellectual portrait tradition.","WpMediaId":261105,"SourcePageUrl":"https://www.clevelandart.org/art/1916.1004","SourceImageUrl":"https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1004/1916.1004_print.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Cicero-Marcus-Tullius-Cicero\\cicero-marcus-tullius-cicero-07-cleveland-ludovisi-cicero-bust.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":1664,"ImageOrdinal":8,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/cicero-marcus-tullius-cicero-08-harvard-statue-cicero-1.jpg","Alt":"Harvard print of a statue of Marcus Tullius Cicero","Caption":"Harvard print of a statue of Marcus Tullius Cicero","Description":"A full-length engraved statue presents Cicero in a toga holding a scroll on a round base. It belongs because Harvard identifies the print as a statue of Marcus Tullius Cicero, joining oratory, public office, and literary authority in one visual form.","WpMediaId":261106,"SourcePageUrl":"https://harvardartmuseums.org/collections/object/250428","SourceImageUrl":"https://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUAM:INV057481_dynmc:IMAGE/full/!3000,3000/0/default.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Cicero-Marcus-Tullius-Cicero\\cicero-marcus-tullius-cicero-08-harvard-statue-cicero.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":1665,"ImageOrdinal":9,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/cicero-marcus-tullius-cicero-09-harvard-vatican-bust-print-1.jpg","Alt":"Harvard print after a Vatican bust of Cicero","Caption":"Harvard print after a Vatican bust of Cicero","Description":"A black-background print isolates a clean white bust labeled as Marcus Tullius Cicero after a Vatican Museums model. It belongs because the museum-bust tradition shaped later visual memory of Cicero.","WpMediaId":261107,"SourcePageUrl":"https://harvardartmuseums.org/collections/object/304498","SourceImageUrl":"https://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUAM:LEG5982_dynmc:IMAGE/full/!3000,3000/0/default.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Cicero-Marcus-Tullius-Cicero\\cicero-marcus-tullius-cicero-09-harvard-vatican-bust-print.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":1666,"ImageOrdinal":10,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/cicero-marcus-tullius-cicero-10-young-cicero-reading-1.jpg","Alt":"Foppa fresco of the young Cicero reading","Caption":"Foppa fresco of the young Cicero reading","Description":"A Renaissance fresco shows a young figure absorbed in a book in an architectural setting marked for Cicero. It belongs because Young Cicero Reading became an emblem of rhetoric, study, and humanist learning.","WpMediaId":261108,"SourcePageUrl":"https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/the-young-cicero-reading-vincenzo-foppa/6wEXFCMukR9bNw?hl=en","SourceImageUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RetDyiJ4RBoe6vqix8il0JHLgW421aeGsuEJheZZ0ibkBAtyQvaelPRCGNkpDnayy9tQGlrwpP=s1200","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Cicero-Marcus-Tullius-Cicero\\cicero-marcus-tullius-cicero-10-young-cicero-reading.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":1667,"ImageOrdinal":11,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/cicero-marcus-tullius-cicero-11-cicero-arpinum-villa-1.jpg","Alt":"Cicero with Atticus and Quintus at Arpinum","Caption":"Cicero with Atticus and Quintus at Arpinum","Description":"A landscape painting places small figures beside water, trees, and distant hills at Cicero ancestral villa setting. It belongs because the work visualizes Cicero De Legibus scene at Arpinum with Atticus and Quintus, tying the profile to birthplace, family memory, and dialogue.","WpMediaId":261109,"SourcePageUrl":"https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/cicero-with-his-friend-atticus-and-brother-quintus-at-his-villa-at-arpinum-richard-wilson/2gFRdZm_pu5mVw","SourceImageUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TPc9sPgzZZxY4R65oAsYg3MfqAJlag2L0K7plk_ek98rZKSscbVzYtR6HG1j-3mekKXNYQwN4=s1200","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Cicero-Marcus-Tullius-Cicero\\cicero-marcus-tullius-cicero-11-cicero-arpinum-villa.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":1668,"ImageOrdinal":12,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/cicero-marcus-tullius-cicero-12-cicero-finds-archimedes-tomb-1.jpg","Alt":"Cicero discovering the tomb of Archimedes","Caption":"Cicero discovering the tomb of Archimedes","Description":"A painted scene shows Cicero and attendants in a classical landscape uncovering the memorial of Archimedes. It belongs because Cicero reports the discovery in the Tusculan Disputations, linking his Sicilian office with his philosophical writing.","WpMediaId":261110,"SourcePageUrl":"https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/cicero-entdeckt-das-grabmal-des-archimedes-francesco-zuccarelli/dwHpRMZf5WPgEQ?hl=en","SourceImageUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QRvL9pIGkyTL39JYX-KJ5f2ToPJb5dGO6yPRGQtMVwPnewBa34HwCFNuGT2SIfvjf8D1Bo0dg=s1200","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Cicero-Marcus-Tullius-Cicero\\cicero-marcus-tullius-cicero-12-cicero-finds-archimedes-tomb.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":1669,"ImageOrdinal":13,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/cicero-marcus-tullius-cicero-13-cicero-denounces-catiline-1.jpg","Alt":"Cicero denouncing Catiline in the Senate","Caption":"Cicero denouncing Catiline in the Senate","Description":"A large history painting shows Cicero addressing the Roman Senate while Catiline sits isolated across the chamber. It belongs because the Catilinarian crisis is central to Cicero political career, rhetoric, and later self-presentation as defender of the republic.","WpMediaId":261111,"SourcePageUrl":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/4532/cicero-denounces-catiline/","SourceImageUrl":"https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/2400×1254/4532.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Cicero-Marcus-Tullius-Cicero\\cicero-marcus-tullius-cicero-13-cicero-denounces-catiline.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":1670,"ImageOrdinal":14,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/cicero-marcus-tullius-cicero-14-met-cicero-in-catilinam-print-1.jpg","Alt":"Metropolitan Museum print of Cicero in Catilinam","Caption":"Metropolitan Museum print of Cicero in Catilinam","Description":"A tall print shows Cicero speaking before a crowd during the Catiline episode, with the orator standing at the center of accusation. It belongs because later artists treated the Catilinarian orations as a defining scene of republican rhetoric.","WpMediaId":261112,"SourcePageUrl":"https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/392484","SourceImageUrl":"https://images.metmuseum.org/CRDImages/dp/original/DP808891.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Cicero-Marcus-Tullius-Cicero\\cicero-marcus-tullius-cicero-14-met-cicero-in-catilinam-print.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":1671,"ImageOrdinal":15,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/cicero-marcus-tullius-cicero-15-nature-of-the-gods-title-page-1.jpg","Alt":"Title page for Of the Nature of the Gods","Caption":"Title page for Of the Nature of the Gods","Description":"A printed title page names Marcus Tullius Cicero and Of the Nature of the Gods in an eighteenth-century edition. It belongs because De Natura Deorum is one of Cicero major philosophical works and the page is readable as a transmission surface.","WpMediaId":261113,"SourcePageUrl":"https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/5421","SourceImageUrl":"https://images.metmuseum.org/CRDImages/ad/original/120126.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Cicero-Marcus-Tullius-Cicero\\cicero-marcus-tullius-cicero-15-nature-of-the-gods-title-page.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":1672,"ImageOrdinal":16,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/cicero-marcus-tullius-cicero-16-officia-woodcut-page-1.jpg","Alt":"Woodcut page from an edition of Cicero Officia","Caption":"Woodcut page from an edition of Cicero Officia","Description":"A sixteenth-century printed page combines a woodcut interior scene with surrounding text from an edition of Cicero On Duties. It belongs because De Officiis became one of the core vehicles of Ciceronian moral and civic teaching in early print culture.","WpMediaId":261114,"SourcePageUrl":"https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/338762","SourceImageUrl":"https://images.metmuseum.org/CRDImages/dp/original/MM8093.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Cicero-Marcus-Tullius-Cicero\\cicero-marcus-tullius-cicero-16-officia-woodcut-page.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":1673,"ImageOrdinal":17,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/cicero-marcus-tullius-cicero-17-arpino-panorama-1.jpg","Alt":"Panorama of Arpino, ancient Arpinum","Caption":"Panorama of Arpino, ancient Arpinum","Description":"A broad hill-town panorama shows Arpino rising across the landscape. It belongs because Arpino is ancient Arpinum, the birthplace named for Cicero, and gives the gallery a real place setting without using a map or decorative filler.","WpMediaId":261115,"SourcePageUrl":"https://www.visitlazio.com/en/arpino/","SourceImageUrl":"https://www.visitlazio.com/app/uploads/2023/10/Arpino-2000×550-1.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Cicero-Marcus-Tullius-Cicero\\cicero-marcus-tullius-cicero-17-arpino-panorama.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":1674,"ImageOrdinal":18,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/cicero-marcus-tullius-cicero-18-arpino-acropolis-gate-1.jpg","Alt":"Cyclopean gate at Arpino","Caption":"Cyclopean gate at Arpino","Description":"A pointed stone gateway cuts through the old acropolis wall at Arpino. It belongs because these ancient defenses anchor Cicero birthplace in the surviving landscape of Arpinum and distinguish the setting from generic Italian scenery.","WpMediaId":261116,"SourcePageUrl":"https://www.visitlazio.com/en/arpino/","SourceImageUrl":"https://www.visitlazio.com/app/uploads/2022/06/Porta-a-sesto-acuto-di-Arpino@Visit-lazio.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Cicero-Marcus-Tullius-Cicero\\cicero-marcus-tullius-cicero-18-arpino-acropolis-gate.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":1675,"ImageOrdinal":19,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/cicero-marcus-tullius-cicero-19-cicero-tower-arpino-1.jpg","Alt":"Cicero Tower at Arpino","Caption":"Cicero Tower at Arpino","Description":"A square stone tower rises above the acropolis walls under a bright sky. It belongs because the Lazio museum directorate identifies the monument as Cicero Tower at Arpino, connecting the public profile to the named landscape of his birthplace.","WpMediaId":261117,"SourcePageUrl":"https://direzioneregionalemuseilazio.cultura.gov.it/en/luoghi/torre-di-cicerone/?accessible=false","SourceImageUrl":"https://direzioneregionalemuseilazio.cultura.gov.it/wp-content/uploads/TorrediCicerone_Anteprima.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Cicero-Marcus-Tullius-Cicero\\cicero-marcus-tullius-cicero-19-cicero-tower-arpino.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":1676,"ImageOrdinal":20,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/cicero-marcus-tullius-cicero-20-tomb-of-cicero-formia-1.jpg","Alt":"Tomb of Cicero at Formia","Caption":"Tomb of Cicero at Formia","Description":"A tall stone funerary monument stands among grass and trees at Formia. It belongs because the Lazio heritage page identifies the site as the Tomb of Cicero, giving a concrete visual endpoint for his death in the proscriptions.","WpMediaId":261118,"SourcePageUrl":"https://direzioneregionalemuseilazio.cultura.gov.it/en/luoghi/tomba-di-cicerone/","SourceImageUrl":"https://direzioneregionalemuseilazio.cultura.gov.it/wp-content/uploads/Tomba_Cicerone-746×1000.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Cicero-Marcus-Tullius-Cicero\\cicero-marcus-tullius-cicero-20-tomb-of-cicero-formia.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":9348,"ImageOrdinal":21,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/cicero-marcus-tullius-cicero-00-portrait-of-cicero-at-the-capitoline-museum-front-jpg.jpg","Alt":"Cicero bust at the Capitoline Museum","Caption":"Cicero bust at the Capitoline Museum","Description":"The photograph shows a marble bust of Cicero at the Capitoline Museum. It belongs on Cicero's profile as a direct sculptural portrait associated with the Roman statesman and philosopher.","WpMediaId":319051,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:\"Portrait_of_Cicero\"_at_The_Capitoline_Museum_-_Front.jpg","SourceImageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/%22Portrait_of_Cicero%22_at_The_Capitoline_Museum_-_Front.jpg/1920px-%22Portrait_of_Cicero%22_at_The_Capitoline_Museum_-_Front.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Cicero-(Marcus-Tullius-Cicero)\\cicero-marcus-tullius-cicero-00-portrait-of-cicero-at-the-capitoline-museum-front-jpg.jpg"}],"Video":{"Title":"","Iframes":[]},"HasVideo":false,"IdentityFields":[{"Label":"Full Name","Value":"Cicero (Marcus Tullius Cicero)"},{"Label":"Native Name","Value":"Marcus Tullius Cicero"},{"Label":"Other Names","Value":"Cicero; Tully; M. 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