Dharmaraksa
{"TemplateVersion":1,"WpPageId":193905,"ParentWpPageId":159379,"Slug":"dharmaraksa","Title":"Dharmaraksa","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/dharmaraksa/","Kicker":"Philosopher Profile","DisplayTitle":"Dharmaraksa","Deck":"Yuezhi-descended Buddhist translator from Dunhuang whose Western Jin translation communities carried Lotus, Prajnaparamita, Pure Land, Manjusri, and Buddha-land traditions into Chinese Buddhist thought.","BackLink":{"Text":"Back to Philosophers","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/"},"ContextCards":[{"Label":"Period","Title":"Ancient History","DateText":"3000 BCE – 499 CE","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/eras-of-thought/philosophers-of-ancient-history/"},{"Label":"Era","Title":"Classical Antiquity","DateText":"500 BCE – 499 CE","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/eras-of-thought/philosophers-of-ancient-history/philosophers-of-classical-antiquity/"},{"Label":"Born","Title":"233 CE","DateText":"","Url":""},{"Label":"Died","Title":"310 CE","DateText":"","Url":""}],"GeoCards":[{"Label":"Region","Key":"Region:2"},{"Label":"Terra Avita","Key":"TerraAvita:10"},{"Label":"Terra Avita Region","Key":"TerraAvitaRegion:46"},{"Label":"Modern Country","Key":"Country:CHN:10"}],"School":{"Label":"School","Title":"Chinese Buddhism","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/schools/chinese-buddhism/","Deck":"Chinese reception, translation, institutionalization, and transformation of Indian and Central Asian Buddhism into Chinese Buddhist philosophical traditions, including scripture translation, doctrinal classification, meditation, Pure Land, Tiantai, Huayan, Sanlun, Weishi, Buddha-nature thought, monastic discipline, and canon formation.","Ring":"#000000","TerraRing":"#000000"},"Birthplace":{"Title":"Dunhuang"},"Images":[{"ImageMasterId":2065,"ImageOrdinal":1,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/dharmaraksa-01-white-horse-temple-translation-setting.jpg","Alt":"White Horse Temple translation setting","Caption":"White Horse Temple translation setting","Description":"The red gate and vertical sign mark White Horse Temple in Luoyang. The linked account connects this monastery with Dharmaraksa's Moyi jing translation team and Nie Daozhen taking down the Chinese wording.","WpMediaId":268307,"SourcePageUrl":"https://fo.ifeng.com/c/7hD4jNTiTnO","SourceImageUrl":"https://y3.ifengimg.com/a/2016_03/2c472ea144834da.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Dharmaraksa\\dharmaraksa-01-white-horse-temple-translation-setting.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":9360,"ImageOrdinal":2,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/dharmaraksa-lotus-sutra-or8210.jpg","Alt":"Lotus Sutra scroll fragment Or.8210 S.6728","Caption":"Lotus Sutra scroll fragment Or.8210 S.6728","Description":"The image shows a long manuscript strip of the Lotus Sutra with dense Chinese text. It belongs on Dharmaraksa's profile because his translation activity is closely tied to the Chinese transmission of Buddhist sutras, including the Lotus Sutra tradition.","WpMediaId":319063,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lotus_Sutra_Or.8210_S.6728.jpg","SourceImageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Lotus%20Sutra%20Or.8210%20S.6728.jpg?width=6000","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Dharmaraksa\\dharmaraksa-lotus-sutra-or8210.jpg"}],"Video":{"Title":"","Iframes":[]},"HasVideo":false,"IdentityFields":[{"Label":"Full Name","Value":"Dharmarakṣa"},{"Label":"Native Name","Value":"竺法護"},{"Label":"Other Names","Value":"Zhu Fahu; Dharmaraksa; Dharmarakṣa; Dunhuang Bodhisattva; Yuezhi Bodhisattva; Zhu Tanmoluosha; 曇摩羅察; 敦煌菩薩; 月支菩薩"},{"Label":"Sex","Value":"Male"},{"Label":"Nationality","Value":"Yuezhi-descended Chinese / Dunhuang"},{"Label":"Religion","Value":"Chinese Buddhism"},{"Label":"Mother","Value":""},{"Label":"Father","Value":""}],"MajorWorks":[{"Title":"Xiuxing daodi jing","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/dharmaraksa/xiuxing-daodi-jing/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["284 CE","The translation frames Buddhist training as ordered practice that reshapes attention, desire, discipline, and liberation."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"284 CE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"The translation frames Buddhist training as ordered practice that reshapes attention, desire, discipline, and liberation.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"Xiuxing daodi jing 284 CE The translation frames Buddhist training as ordered practice that reshapes attention, desire, discipline, and liberation.","Style":"","DataSearch":"xiuxing daodi jing 284 ce the translation frames buddhist training as ordered practice that reshapes attention, desire, discipline, and liberation. eastern thought china (east asia) tarim basin & western desert frontier ethics philosophy of mind","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Eastern Thought","DataTerra":"China (East Asia)","DataTerraRegion":"Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier","DataCoreAreas":"Ethics Philosophy of Mind","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"Xiuxing daodi jing","DataFilterSearch":"Xiuxing daodi jing 284 CE The translation frames Buddhist training as ordered practice that reshapes attention, desire, discipline, and liberation. Eastern Thought China (East Asia) Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier Ethics Philosophy of Mind","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Eastern Thought","DataFilterTerra":"China (East Asia)","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Ethics Philosophy of Mind","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"284"},{"Title":"Hailongwang jing","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/dharmaraksa/hailongwang-jing/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["285 CE","The translation expands Chinese Mahayana worlds through dragon-king teaching, cosmic audience, and nonhuman religious agency."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"285 CE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"The translation expands Chinese Mahayana worlds through dragon-king teaching, cosmic audience, and nonhuman religious agency.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"Hailongwang jing 285 CE The translation expands Chinese Mahayana worlds through dragon-king teaching, cosmic audience, and nonhuman religious agency.","Style":"","DataSearch":"hailongwang jing 285 ce the translation expands chinese mahayana worlds through dragon-king teaching, cosmic audience, and nonhuman religious agency. eastern thought china (east asia) tarim basin & western desert frontier philosophy of religion metaphysics","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Eastern Thought","DataTerra":"China (East Asia)","DataTerraRegion":"Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier","DataCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Religion Metaphysics","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"Hailongwang jing","DataFilterSearch":"Hailongwang jing 285 CE The translation expands Chinese Mahayana worlds through dragon-king teaching, cosmic audience, and nonhuman religious agency. Eastern Thought China (East Asia) Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier Philosophy of Religion Metaphysics","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Eastern Thought","DataFilterTerra":"China (East Asia)","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Religion Metaphysics","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"285"},{"Title":"Guangzan jing","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/dharmaraksa/guangzan-jing/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["286 CE","The translation carries Prajnaparamita emptiness, wisdom, and nonattachment into early Chinese Buddhist philosophical language."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"286 CE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"The translation carries Prajnaparamita emptiness, wisdom, and nonattachment into early Chinese Buddhist philosophical language.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"Guangzan jing 286 CE The translation carries Prajnaparamita emptiness, wisdom, and nonattachment into early Chinese Buddhist philosophical language.","Style":"","DataSearch":"guangzan jing 286 ce the translation carries prajnaparamita emptiness, wisdom, and nonattachment into early chinese buddhist philosophical language. eastern thought china (east asia) tarim basin & western desert frontier metaphysics epistemology","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Eastern Thought","DataTerra":"China (East Asia)","DataTerraRegion":"Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier","DataCoreAreas":"Metaphysics Epistemology","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"Guangzan jing","DataFilterSearch":"Guangzan jing 286 CE The translation carries Prajnaparamita emptiness, wisdom, and nonattachment into early Chinese Buddhist philosophical language. Eastern Thought China (East Asia) Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier Metaphysics Epistemology","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Eastern Thought","DataFilterTerra":"China (East Asia)","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Metaphysics Epistemology","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"286"},{"Title":"Zheng fa hua jing","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/dharmaraksa/zheng-fa-hua-jing/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["286 CE","Dharmaraksa's Lotus translation made universal Buddhahood, bodhisattva practice, and new Chinese religious vocabulary available before Kumarajiva."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"286 CE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"Dharmaraksa's Lotus translation made universal Buddhahood, bodhisattva practice, and new Chinese religious vocabulary available before Kumarajiva.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"Zheng fa hua jing 286 CE Dharmaraksa's Lotus translation made universal Buddhahood, bodhisattva practice, and new Chinese religious vocabulary available before Kumarajiva.","Style":"","DataSearch":"zheng fa hua jing 286 ce dharmaraksa's lotus translation made universal buddhahood, bodhisattva practice, and new chinese religious vocabulary available before kumarajiva. eastern thought china (east asia) tarim basin & western desert frontier philosophy of religion philosophy of language","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Eastern Thought","DataTerra":"China (East Asia)","DataTerraRegion":"Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier","DataCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Religion Philosophy of Language","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"Zheng fa hua jing","DataFilterSearch":"Zheng fa hua jing 286 CE Dharmaraksa's Lotus translation made universal Buddhahood, bodhisattva practice, and new Chinese religious vocabulary available before Kumarajiva. Eastern Thought China (East Asia) Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier Philosophy of Religion Philosophy of Language","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Eastern Thought","DataFilterTerra":"China (East Asia)","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Religion Philosophy of Language","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"286"},{"Title":"Da ai jing","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/dharmaraksa/da-ai-jing/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["287 CE","The translation centers compassion as a Mahayana ethical power directed toward suffering beings."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"287 CE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"The translation centers compassion as a Mahayana ethical power directed toward suffering beings.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"Da ai jing 287 CE The translation centers compassion as a Mahayana ethical power directed toward suffering beings.","Style":"","DataSearch":"da ai jing 287 ce the translation centers compassion as a mahayana ethical power directed toward suffering beings. eastern thought china (east asia) tarim basin & western desert frontier ethics philosophy of religion","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Eastern Thought","DataTerra":"China (East Asia)","DataTerraRegion":"Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier","DataCoreAreas":"Ethics Philosophy of Religion","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"Da ai jing","DataFilterSearch":"Da ai jing 287 CE The translation centers compassion as a Mahayana ethical power directed toward suffering beings. Eastern Thought China (East Asia) Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier Ethics Philosophy of Religion","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Eastern Thought","DataFilterTerra":"China (East Asia)","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Ethics Philosophy of Religion","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"287"},{"Title":"Dushi pin jing","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/dharmaraksa/dushi-pin-jing/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["288 CE","The translation treats Buddhist teaching as a practice of crossing beings through danger, ignorance, and suffering."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"288 CE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"The translation treats Buddhist teaching as a practice of crossing beings through danger, ignorance, and suffering.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"Dushi pin jing 288 CE The translation treats Buddhist teaching as a practice of crossing beings through danger, ignorance, and suffering.","Style":"","DataSearch":"dushi pin jing 288 ce the translation treats buddhist teaching as a practice of crossing beings through danger, ignorance, and suffering. eastern thought china (east asia) tarim basin & western desert frontier ethics philosophy of religion","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Eastern Thought","DataTerra":"China (East Asia)","DataTerraRegion":"Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier","DataCoreAreas":"Ethics Philosophy of Religion","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"Dushi pin jing","DataFilterSearch":"Dushi pin jing 288 CE The translation treats Buddhist teaching as a practice of crossing beings through danger, ignorance, and suffering. Eastern Thought China (East Asia) Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier Ethics Philosophy of Religion","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Eastern Thought","DataFilterTerra":"China (East Asia)","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Ethics Philosophy of Religion","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"288"},{"Title":"Miji jing","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/dharmaraksa/miji-jing/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["288 CE","The translation brings Mahayana protective, memory, and hidden-presence themes into Chinese Buddhist imagination."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"288 CE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"The translation brings Mahayana protective, memory, and hidden-presence themes into Chinese Buddhist imagination.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"Miji jing 288 CE The translation brings Mahayana protective, memory, and hidden-presence themes into Chinese Buddhist imagination.","Style":"","DataSearch":"miji jing 288 ce the translation brings mahayana protective, memory, and hidden-presence themes into chinese buddhist imagination. eastern thought china (east asia) tarim basin & western desert frontier philosophy of religion philosophy of mind","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Eastern Thought","DataTerra":"China (East Asia)","DataTerraRegion":"Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier","DataCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Religion Philosophy of Mind","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"Miji jing","DataFilterSearch":"Miji jing 288 CE The translation brings Mahayana protective, memory, and hidden-presence themes into Chinese Buddhist imagination. Eastern Thought China (East Asia) Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier Philosophy of Religion Philosophy of Mind","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Eastern Thought","DataFilterTerra":"China (East Asia)","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Religion Philosophy of Mind","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"288"},{"Title":"Chixin jing","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/dharmaraksa/chixin-jing/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["289 CE","The translation treats holding or maintaining mind as a disciplined Buddhist practice for moral and contemplative formation."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"289 CE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"The translation treats holding or maintaining mind as a disciplined Buddhist practice for moral and contemplative formation.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"Chixin jing 289 CE The translation treats holding or maintaining mind as a disciplined Buddhist practice for moral and contemplative formation.","Style":"","DataSearch":"chixin jing 289 ce the translation treats holding or maintaining mind as a disciplined buddhist practice for moral and contemplative formation. eastern thought china (east asia) tarim basin & western desert frontier philosophy of mind ethics","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Eastern Thought","DataTerra":"China (East Asia)","DataTerraRegion":"Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier","DataCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Mind Ethics","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"Chixin jing","DataFilterSearch":"Chixin jing 289 CE The translation treats holding or maintaining mind as a disciplined Buddhist practice for moral and contemplative formation. Eastern Thought China (East Asia) Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier Philosophy of Mind Ethics","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Eastern Thought","DataFilterTerra":"China (East Asia)","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Mind Ethics","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"289"},{"Title":"Anouta jing","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/dharmaraksa/anouta-jing/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["290 CE","The translation situates Buddhist teaching in a mythic-cosmological landscape that shaped Chinese Mahayana sacred geography."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"290 CE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"The translation situates Buddhist teaching in a mythic-cosmological landscape that shaped Chinese Mahayana sacred geography.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"Anouta jing 290 CE The translation situates Buddhist teaching in a mythic-cosmological landscape that shaped Chinese Mahayana sacred geography.","Style":"","DataSearch":"anouta jing 290 ce the translation situates buddhist teaching in a mythic-cosmological landscape that shaped chinese mahayana sacred geography. eastern thought china (east asia) tarim basin & western desert frontier philosophy of religion metaphysics","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Eastern Thought","DataTerra":"China (East Asia)","DataTerraRegion":"Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier","DataCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Religion Metaphysics","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"Anouta jing","DataFilterSearch":"Anouta jing 290 CE The translation situates Buddhist teaching in a mythic-cosmological landscape that shaped Chinese Mahayana sacred geography. Eastern Thought China (East Asia) Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier Philosophy of Religion Metaphysics","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Eastern Thought","DataFilterTerra":"China (East Asia)","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Religion Metaphysics","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"290"},{"Title":"Chaori ming jing","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/dharmaraksa/chaori-ming-jing/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["290 CE","The translation uses luminous imagery to express liberating knowledge, bodhisattva clarity, and Buddhist awakening."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"290 CE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"The translation uses luminous imagery to express liberating knowledge, bodhisattva clarity, and Buddhist awakening.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"Chaori ming jing 290 CE The translation uses luminous imagery to express liberating knowledge, bodhisattva clarity, and Buddhist awakening.","Style":"","DataSearch":"chaori ming jing 290 ce the translation uses luminous imagery to express liberating knowledge, bodhisattva clarity, and buddhist awakening. eastern thought china (east asia) tarim basin & western desert frontier epistemology philosophy of religion","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Eastern Thought","DataTerra":"China (East Asia)","DataTerraRegion":"Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier","DataCoreAreas":"Epistemology Philosophy of Religion","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"Chaori ming jing","DataFilterSearch":"Chaori ming jing 290 CE The translation uses luminous imagery to express liberating knowledge, bodhisattva clarity, and Buddhist awakening. Eastern Thought China (East Asia) Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier Epistemology Philosophy of Religion","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Eastern Thought","DataFilterTerra":"China (East Asia)","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Epistemology Philosophy of Religion","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"290"},{"Title":"Wenshushili jinglü jing","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/dharmaraksa/wenshushili-jinglu-jing/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["290 CE","The translation connects Manjusri wisdom with pure discipline, practice, and moral formation."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"290 CE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"The translation connects Manjusri wisdom with pure discipline, practice, and moral formation.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"Wenshushili jinglü jing 290 CE The translation connects Manjusri wisdom with pure discipline, practice, and moral formation.","Style":"","DataSearch":"wenshushili jinglü jing 290 ce the translation connects manjusri wisdom with pure discipline, practice, and moral formation. eastern thought china (east asia) tarim basin & western desert frontier ethics philosophy of religion","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Eastern Thought","DataTerra":"China (East Asia)","DataTerraRegion":"Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier","DataCoreAreas":"Ethics Philosophy of Religion","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"Wenshushili jinglü jing","DataFilterSearch":"Wenshushili jinglü jing 290 CE The translation connects Manjusri wisdom with pure discipline, practice, and moral formation. Eastern Thought China (East Asia) Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier Ethics Philosophy of Religion","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Eastern Thought","DataFilterTerra":"China (East Asia)","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Ethics Philosophy of Religion","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"290"},{"Title":"Jianbei yiqie zhi jing","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/dharmaraksa/jianbei-yiqie-zhi-jing/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["291 CE","The translation presents awakening as gradual preparation for all-knowledge through bodhisattva training."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"291 CE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"The translation presents awakening as gradual preparation for all-knowledge through bodhisattva training.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"Jianbei yiqie zhi jing 291 CE The translation presents awakening as gradual preparation for all-knowledge through bodhisattva training.","Style":"","DataSearch":"jianbei yiqie zhi jing 291 ce the translation presents awakening as gradual preparation for all-knowledge through bodhisattva training. eastern thought china (east asia) tarim basin & western desert frontier epistemology philosophy of religion","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Eastern Thought","DataTerra":"China (East Asia)","DataTerraRegion":"Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier","DataCoreAreas":"Epistemology Philosophy of Religion","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"Jianbei yiqie zhi jing","DataFilterSearch":"Jianbei yiqie zhi jing 291 CE The translation presents awakening as gradual preparation for all-knowledge through bodhisattva training. Eastern Thought China (East Asia) Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier Epistemology Philosophy of Religion","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Eastern Thought","DataFilterTerra":"China (East Asia)","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Epistemology Philosophy of Religion","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"291"},{"Title":"Xuzhen tianzi jing","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/dharmaraksa/xuzhen-tianzi-jing/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["291 CE","The translation presents divine interlocutor, vow, and teaching motifs through Dharmaraksa's early Chinese Mahayana register."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"291 CE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"The translation presents divine interlocutor, vow, and teaching motifs through Dharmaraksa's early Chinese Mahayana register.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"Xuzhen tianzi jing 291 CE The translation presents divine interlocutor, vow, and teaching motifs through Dharmaraksa's early Chinese Mahayana register.","Style":"","DataSearch":"xuzhen tianzi jing 291 ce the translation presents divine interlocutor, vow, and teaching motifs through dharmaraksa's early chinese mahayana register. eastern thought china (east asia) tarim basin & western desert frontier philosophy of religion ethics","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Eastern Thought","DataTerra":"China (East Asia)","DataTerraRegion":"Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier","DataCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Religion Ethics","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"Xuzhen tianzi jing","DataFilterSearch":"Xuzhen tianzi jing 291 CE The translation presents divine interlocutor, vow, and teaching motifs through Dharmaraksa's early Chinese Mahayana register. Eastern Thought China (East Asia) Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier Philosophy of Religion Ethics","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Eastern Thought","DataFilterTerra":"China (East Asia)","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Religion Ethics","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"291"},{"Title":"Aweiyuezhi jing","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/dharmaraksa/aweiyuezhi-jing/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["292 CE","The translation explains non-retrogression on the bodhisattva path as a stabilized form of knowledge and commitment."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"292 CE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"The translation explains non-retrogression on the bodhisattva path as a stabilized form of knowledge and commitment.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"Aweiyuezhi jing 292 CE The translation explains non-retrogression on the bodhisattva path as a stabilized form of knowledge and commitment.","Style":"","DataSearch":"aweiyuezhi jing 292 ce the translation explains non-retrogression on the bodhisattva path as a stabilized form of knowledge and commitment. eastern thought china (east asia) tarim basin & western desert frontier epistemology philosophy of religion","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Eastern Thought","DataTerra":"China (East Asia)","DataTerraRegion":"Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier","DataCoreAreas":"Epistemology Philosophy of Religion","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"Aweiyuezhi jing","DataFilterSearch":"Aweiyuezhi jing 292 CE The translation explains non-retrogression on the bodhisattva path as a stabilized form of knowledge and commitment. Eastern Thought China (East Asia) Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier Epistemology Philosophy of Religion","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Eastern Thought","DataFilterTerra":"China (East Asia)","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Epistemology Philosophy of Religion","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"292"},{"Title":"Puchao jing","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/dharmaraksa/puchao-jing/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["292 CE","The translation frames universal transcendence and bodhisattva benefit through early Chinese Mahayana vocabulary."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"292 CE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"The translation frames universal transcendence and bodhisattva benefit through early Chinese Mahayana vocabulary.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"Puchao jing 292 CE The translation frames universal transcendence and bodhisattva benefit through early Chinese Mahayana vocabulary.","Style":"","DataSearch":"puchao jing 292 ce the translation frames universal transcendence and bodhisattva benefit through early chinese mahayana vocabulary. eastern thought china (east asia) tarim basin & western desert frontier philosophy of religion ethics","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Eastern Thought","DataTerra":"China (East Asia)","DataTerraRegion":"Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier","DataCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Religion Ethics","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"Puchao jing","DataFilterSearch":"Puchao jing 292 CE The translation frames universal transcendence and bodhisattva benefit through early Chinese Mahayana vocabulary. Eastern Thought China (East Asia) Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier Philosophy of Religion Ethics","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Eastern Thought","DataFilterTerra":"China (East Asia)","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Religion Ethics","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"292"},{"Title":"Sheng jing","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/dharmaraksa/sheng-jing/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["292 CE","The translation uses birth, rebirth, and karmic narrative to make moral causation and Buddhist identity intelligible."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"292 CE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"The translation uses birth, rebirth, and karmic narrative to make moral causation and Buddhist identity intelligible.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"Sheng jing 292 CE The translation uses birth, rebirth, and karmic narrative to make moral causation and Buddhist identity intelligible.","Style":"","DataSearch":"sheng jing 292 ce the translation uses birth, rebirth, and karmic narrative to make moral causation and buddhist identity intelligible. eastern thought china (east asia) tarim basin & western desert frontier ethics philosophy of mind","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Eastern Thought","DataTerra":"China (East Asia)","DataTerraRegion":"Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier","DataCoreAreas":"Ethics Philosophy of Mind","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"Sheng jing","DataFilterSearch":"Sheng jing 292 CE The translation uses birth, rebirth, and karmic narrative to make moral causation and Buddhist identity intelligible. Eastern Thought China (East Asia) Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier Ethics Philosophy of Mind","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Eastern Thought","DataFilterTerra":"China (East Asia)","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Ethics Philosophy of Mind","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"292"},{"Title":"Yanjing fotu jing","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/dharmaraksa/yanjing-fotu-jing/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["292 CE","The translation presents purified Buddha lands as ethical, cosmological, and devotional objects of Mahayana practice."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"292 CE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"The translation presents purified Buddha lands as ethical, cosmological, and devotional objects of Mahayana practice.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"Yanjing fotu jing 292 CE The translation presents purified Buddha lands as ethical, cosmological, and devotional objects of Mahayana practice.","Style":"","DataSearch":"yanjing fotu jing 292 ce the translation presents purified buddha lands as ethical, cosmological, and devotional objects of mahayana practice. eastern thought china (east asia) tarim basin & western desert frontier metaphysics philosophy of religion","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Eastern Thought","DataTerra":"China (East Asia)","DataTerraRegion":"Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier","DataCoreAreas":"Metaphysics Philosophy of Religion","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"Yanjing fotu jing","DataFilterSearch":"Yanjing fotu jing 292 CE The translation presents purified Buddha lands as ethical, cosmological, and devotional objects of Mahayana practice. Eastern Thought China (East Asia) Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier Metaphysics Philosophy of Religion","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Eastern Thought","DataFilterTerra":"China (East Asia)","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Metaphysics Philosophy of Religion","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"292"},{"Title":"Bhadrakalpika Sutra","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/dharmaraksa/bhadrakalpika-sutra/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["300 CE","The translation expands Chinese Buddhist cosmology through a vast account of buddhas, aeons, vows, and world-order."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"300 CE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"The translation expands Chinese Buddhist cosmology through a vast account of buddhas, aeons, vows, and world-order.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"Bhadrakalpika Sutra 300 CE The translation expands Chinese Buddhist cosmology through a vast account of buddhas, aeons, vows, and world-order.","Style":"","DataSearch":"bhadrakalpika sutra 300 ce the translation expands chinese buddhist cosmology through a vast account of buddhas, aeons, vows, and world-order. eastern thought china (east asia) tarim basin & western desert frontier philosophy of religion metaphysics","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Eastern Thought","DataTerra":"China (East Asia)","DataTerraRegion":"Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier","DataCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Religion Metaphysics","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"Bhadrakalpika Sutra","DataFilterSearch":"Bhadrakalpika Sutra 300 CE The translation expands Chinese Buddhist cosmology through a vast account of buddhas, aeons, vows, and world-order. Eastern Thought China (East Asia) Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier Philosophy of Religion Metaphysics","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Eastern Thought","DataFilterTerra":"China (East Asia)","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Religion Metaphysics","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"300"},{"Title":"Puyao jing","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/dharmaraksa/puyao-jing/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["308 CE","The translation presents the Buddha's life as a cosmic teaching drama that reshapes Chinese Mahayana imagination."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"308 CE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"The translation presents the Buddha's life as a cosmic teaching drama that reshapes Chinese Mahayana imagination.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"Puyao jing 308 CE The translation presents the Buddha's life as a cosmic teaching drama that reshapes Chinese Mahayana imagination.","Style":"","DataSearch":"puyao jing 308 ce the translation presents the buddha's life as a cosmic teaching drama that reshapes chinese mahayana imagination. eastern thought china (east asia) tarim basin & western desert frontier philosophy of religion aesthetics","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Eastern Thought","DataTerra":"China (East Asia)","DataTerraRegion":"Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier","DataCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Religion Aesthetics","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"Puyao jing","DataFilterSearch":"Puyao jing 308 CE The translation presents the Buddha's life as a cosmic teaching drama that reshapes Chinese Mahayana imagination. Eastern Thought China (East Asia) Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier Philosophy of Religion Aesthetics","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Eastern Thought","DataFilterTerra":"China (East Asia)","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Religion Aesthetics","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"308"},{"Title":"Wuliangshou jing","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/dharmaraksa/wuliangshou-jing/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["308 CE","The translation transmits Amitabha devotion, vows, rebirth aspiration, and Pure Land imagination into Chinese Buddhist practice."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"308 CE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"The translation transmits Amitabha devotion, vows, rebirth aspiration, and Pure Land imagination into Chinese Buddhist practice.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"Wuliangshou jing 308 CE The translation transmits Amitabha devotion, vows, rebirth aspiration, and Pure Land imagination into Chinese Buddhist practice.","Style":"","DataSearch":"wuliangshou jing 308 ce the translation transmits amitabha devotion, vows, rebirth aspiration, and pure land imagination into chinese buddhist practice. eastern thought china (east asia) tarim basin & western desert frontier philosophy of religion ethics","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Eastern Thought","DataTerra":"China (East Asia)","DataTerraRegion":"Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier","DataCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Religion Ethics","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"Wuliangshou jing","DataFilterSearch":"Wuliangshou jing 308 CE The translation transmits Amitabha devotion, vows, rebirth aspiration, and Pure Land imagination into Chinese Buddhist practice. Eastern Thought China (East Asia) Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier Philosophy of Religion Ethics","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Eastern Thought","DataFilterTerra":"China (East Asia)","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Religion Ethics","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"308"}],"Relations":{"Influences":{"Title":"Influences","Cards":[],"Chips":[]},"Followers":{"Title":"Followers","Cards":[{"Title":"Dao'an","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/dao-an/","ClassName":"dz-philo__hub-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["312 CE – 385 CE","Changshan Commandery / Fuliu, Hebei","Chinese Buddhist organizer, exegete, and translation leader who shaped Prajnaparamita interpretation, monastic discipline, scripture cataloging, and the language of early Chinese Buddhism."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"312 CE – 385 CE","ClassName":"dz-philo__hub-card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"Changshan Commandery / Fuliu, Hebei","ClassName":"dz-philo__hub-card-copy dz-philo__hub-card-location","Style":"font-weight:700"},{"Text":"Chinese Buddhist organizer, exegete, and translation leader who shaped Prajnaparamita interpretation, monastic discipline, scripture cataloging, and the language of early Chinese Buddhism.","ClassName":"dz-philo__hub-card-copy","Style":""}],"MediaSrc":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/dao-an-01-standing-depiction.png","MediaAlt":"Standing depiction of Dao'an","Text":"Dao'an 312 CE – 385 CE Changshan Commandery / Fuliu, Hebei Chinese Buddhist organizer, exegete, and translation leader who shaped Prajnaparamita interpretation, monastic discipline, scripture cataloging, and the language of early Chinese Buddhism.","Style":"","DataSearch":"dao'an dao’an 道安 shi dao’an; shi daoan; daoan; tao-an; zhu dao’an; 釋道安 312 ce – 385 ce changshan commandery / fuliu, hebei china ancient history classical antiquity eastern thought china (east asia) north china plain & loess belt metaphysics epistemology ethics philosophy of mind philosophy of language philosophy of religion","DataPeriod":"Ancient History","DataEra":"Classical Antiquity","DataRegion":"Eastern Thought","DataTerra":"China (East Asia)","DataTerraRegion":"North China Plain & Loess Belt","DataCoreAreas":"Metaphysics|Epistemology|Ethics|Philosophy of Mind|Philosophy of Language|Philosophy of Religion","DataSchool":"Chinese Buddhism","DataFilterTitle":"Dao'an","DataFilterSearch":"Dao'an Dao’an 道安 Shi Dao’an; Shi Daoan; Daoan; Tao-an; Zhu Dao’an; 釋道安 312 CE – 385 CE Changshan Commandery / Fuliu, Hebei China Ancient History Classical Antiquity Eastern Thought China (East Asia) North China Plain & Loess Belt Metaphysics Epistemology Ethics Philosophy of Mind Philosophy of Language Philosophy of Religion","DataFilterPeriod":"Ancient History","DataFilterEra":"Classical Antiquity","DataFilterRegion":"Eastern Thought","DataFilterTerra":"China (East Asia)","DataFilterTerraRegion":"North China Plain & Loess Belt","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Metaphysics|Epistemology|Ethics|Philosophy of Mind|Philosophy of Language|Philosophy of Religion","DataFilterSchool":"Chinese Buddhism","DataFilterYear":"312"},{"Title":"Kumārajīva","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/kumarajiva/","ClassName":"dz-philo__hub-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["344 CE – 413 CE","Kucha (Kuqa), Tarim Basin","Kuchean Buddhist translator whose Chang'an translation bureau carried Prajñāpāramitā, Madhyamaka, Lotus, Vimalakīrti, Pure Land, and meditation texts into durable Chinese Buddhist philosophical language."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"344 CE – 413 CE","ClassName":"dz-philo__hub-card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"Kucha (Kuqa), Tarim Basin","ClassName":"dz-philo__hub-card-copy dz-philo__hub-card-location","Style":"font-weight:700"},{"Text":"Kuchean Buddhist translator whose Chang'an translation bureau carried Prajñāpāramitā, Madhyamaka, Lotus, Vimalakīrti, Pure Land, and meditation texts into durable Chinese Buddhist philosophical language.","ClassName":"dz-philo__hub-card-copy","Style":""}],"MediaSrc":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/kumarajiva-01-the-statue-of-kumarajiva-in-front-of-the-kizil.jpg","MediaAlt":"Kumārajīva statue at the Kizil Caves, Kuqa","Text":"Kumārajīva 344 CE – 413 CE Kucha (Kuqa), Tarim Basin Kuchean Buddhist translator whose Chang'an translation bureau carried Prajñāpāramitā, Madhyamaka, Lotus, Vimalakīrti, Pure Land, and meditation texts into durable Chinese Buddhist philosophical language.","Style":"","DataSearch":"kumārajīva kumārajīva 鳩摩羅什 kumarajiva; kumārajiva; kumarajeeva; jiumoluoshi; jiūmóluóshí; chiu-mo-lo-shih; kiu-mo-lo-shih; 鳩摩羅什; 鸠摩罗什; 童壽 344 ce – 413 ce kucha (kuqa), tarim basin china ancient history classical antiquity eastern thought china (east asia) tarim basin & western desert frontier metaphysics epistemology logic ethics philosophy of mind philosophy of language philosophy of religion","DataPeriod":"Ancient History","DataEra":"Classical Antiquity","DataRegion":"Eastern Thought","DataTerra":"China (East Asia)","DataTerraRegion":"Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier","DataCoreAreas":"Metaphysics|Epistemology|Logic|Ethics|Philosophy of Mind|Philosophy of Language|Philosophy of Religion","DataSchool":"Madhyamaka","DataFilterTitle":"Kumārajīva","DataFilterSearch":"Kumārajīva Kumārajīva 鳩摩羅什 Kumarajiva; Kumārajiva; Kumarajeeva; Jiumoluoshi; Jiūmóluóshí; Chiu-mo-lo-shih; Kiu-mo-lo-shih; 鳩摩羅什; 鸠摩罗什; 童壽 344 CE – 413 CE Kucha (Kuqa), Tarim Basin China Ancient History Classical Antiquity Eastern Thought China (East Asia) Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier Metaphysics Epistemology Logic Ethics Philosophy of Mind Philosophy of Language Philosophy of Religion","DataFilterPeriod":"Ancient History","DataFilterEra":"Classical Antiquity","DataFilterRegion":"Eastern Thought","DataFilterTerra":"China (East Asia)","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Tarim Basin & Western Desert Frontier","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Metaphysics|Epistemology|Logic|Ethics|Philosophy of Mind|Philosophy of Language|Philosophy of Religion","DataFilterSchool":"Madhyamaka","DataFilterYear":"344"}],"Chips":[]}},"Contributions":[{"Title":"Metaphysics","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/core-areas-of-philosophy/metaphysics/","Copies":["Translated Mahayana accounts of emptiness, Buddha lands, aeons, cosmic assemblies, and nonordinary beings into a Chinese register that helped shape early Buddhist ontology."],"Text":"Metaphysics Translated Mahayana accounts of emptiness, Buddha lands, aeons, cosmic assemblies, and nonordinary beings into a Chinese register that helped shape early Buddhist ontology.","Style":"","DataRegion":"","DataTerra":"","DataTerraRegion":"","CopyItems":[{"Text":"Translated Mahayana accounts of emptiness, Buddha lands, aeons, cosmic assemblies, and nonordinary beings into a Chinese register that helped shape early Buddhist ontology.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}]},{"Title":"Epistemology","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/core-areas-of-philosophy/epistemology/","Copies":["Made wisdom, omniscience, scripture, and reliable transmission central questions by coordinating multilingual translation teams and rendering Indian categories into Chinese learning."],"Text":"Epistemology Made wisdom, omniscience, scripture, and reliable transmission central questions by coordinating multilingual translation teams and rendering Indian categories into Chinese learning.","Style":"","DataRegion":"","DataTerra":"","DataTerraRegion":"","CopyItems":[{"Text":"Made wisdom, omniscience, scripture, and reliable transmission central questions by coordinating multilingual translation teams and rendering Indian categories into Chinese learning.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}]},{"Title":"Ethics","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/core-areas-of-philosophy/ethics/","Copies":["Carried bodhisattva compassion, vows, discipline, and practice-path formation into Chinese Buddhist moral vocabulary through translations of major Mahayana sutras."],"Text":"Ethics Carried bodhisattva compassion, vows, discipline, and practice-path formation into Chinese Buddhist moral vocabulary through translations of major Mahayana sutras.","Style":"","DataRegion":"","DataTerra":"","DataTerraRegion":"","CopyItems":[{"Text":"Carried bodhisattva compassion, vows, discipline, and practice-path formation into Chinese Buddhist moral vocabulary through translations of major Mahayana sutras.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}]},{"Title":"Philosophy of Mind","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/core-areas-of-philosophy/philosophy-of-mind/","Copies":["Introduced translation language for attention, non-retrogression, desire, liberation, contemplative stability, and the transformation of ordinary consciousness on the bodhisattva path."],"Text":"Philosophy of Mind Introduced translation language for attention, non-retrogression, desire, liberation, contemplative stability, and the transformation of ordinary consciousness on the bodhisattva path.","Style":"","DataRegion":"","DataTerra":"","DataTerraRegion":"","CopyItems":[{"Text":"Introduced translation language for attention, non-retrogression, desire, liberation, contemplative stability, and the transformation of ordinary consciousness on the bodhisattva path.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}]},{"Title":"Philosophy of Language","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/core-areas-of-philosophy/philosophy-of-language/","Copies":["His work became an early test case for Buddhist translation philosophy: multilingual source gathering, oral rendering, Chinese recording, terminology formation, and later retransmission."],"Text":"Philosophy of Language His work became an early test case for Buddhist translation philosophy: multilingual source gathering, oral rendering, Chinese recording, terminology formation, and later retransmission.","Style":"","DataRegion":"","DataTerra":"","DataTerraRegion":"","CopyItems":[{"Text":"His work became an early test case for Buddhist translation philosophy: multilingual source gathering, oral rendering, Chinese recording, terminology formation, and later retransmission.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}]},{"Title":"Philosophy of Religion","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/core-areas-of-philosophy/philosophy-of-religion/","Copies":["Opened major Mahayana scriptural worlds to China, including Lotus, Prajnaparamita, Pure Land, Manjusri, and Buddha-land traditions, while earning the titles Dunhuang Bodhisattva and Yuezhi Bodhisattva."],"Text":"Philosophy of Religion Opened major Mahayana scriptural worlds to China, including Lotus, Prajnaparamita, Pure Land, Manjusri, and Buddha-land traditions, while earning the titles Dunhuang Bodhisattva and Yuezhi Bodhisattva.","Style":"","DataRegion":"","DataTerra":"","DataTerraRegion":"","CopyItems":[{"Text":"Opened major Mahayana scriptural worlds to China, including Lotus, Prajnaparamita, Pure Land, Manjusri, and Buddha-land traditions, while earning the titles Dunhuang Bodhisattva and Yuezhi Bodhisattva.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}]}],"OtherVoices":{"Title":"Other Voices","Copy":"Reference entries, source pages, catalog records, image sources, public text indexes, archive pages, and scholarship connected to Dharmaraksa.","ButtonText":"Open Other Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/dharmaraksa/dharmaraksa-other-voices/","Links":[{"Title":"Wikipedia","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/wikipedia/","SortRank":1},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":2},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":3},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":4},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":5},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":6},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":7},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":8},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":9},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":10},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":11},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":12},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":13},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":14},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":15},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":16},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":17},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":18},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":19},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":20}]},"ComponentSequence":["Page Shell","Top Action Back Link","Profile Kicker","Profile Title","Profile Deck","Visual Identity Section","Context Card Row","Period Card","Era Card","Born Card","Died Card","Geo Card Row","Region Card","Terra Avita Card","Terra Avita Region Card","Modern Country Card","School/Birthplace Row","School Card","Birthplace Card","Image Gallery Section","Image Modal","Main Content Container","Identity Fields Section","Major Works Section","Influences & Followers Section","Influences Subsection","Followers Subsection","Contributions Section","Other Voices Section"],"SectionTitles":["Identity Fields","Major Works","Influences & Followers","Contributions","Other Voices"],"Counts":{"ImageFigures":2,"VideoIframes":0,"MajorWorkCards":20,"RelationCards":2,"RelationChips":0,"ContributionCards":6}}