Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
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Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Philosopher-Profile","Reference article","iep.utm.edu","Reference article for Erasmus biography, humanism, works, free-will debate, education, satire, and religious reform."],["[4608]","Diogenes of Apollonia","https://iep.utm.edu/diogenes-of-apollonia/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Philosopher-Profile","Reference article","iep.utm.edu","Dedicated entry for Diogenes of Apollonia, air as intelligent principle, soul, physiology, chronology, father Apollothemis, and the On Nature tradition."],["[11638]","Dualism and Mind","https://iep.utm.edu/dualism-and-mind/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Mind-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for dualism and mind."],["[4653]","Edmund Husserl","https://iep.utm.edu/husserl/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Influence Context","IEP context","iep.utm.edu","IEP Husserl context for phenomenological inheritance."],["[4654]","Edmund Husserl: Phenomenology of Embodiment","https://iep.utm.edu/husspemb/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Reference Entry","Mind-And-Embodiment-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","Reference entry on embodiment in Husserl's lectures, manuscripts, and posthumously published work."],["[4611]","Egalitarianism","https://iep.utm.edu/egalitar/","IEP","IEP","Reference","Source-Context","","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for global obligations, aid, and egalitarian themes connected to Singer's famine-relief argument."],["[11639]","Egalitarianism","https://iep.utm.edu/egalitarianism/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","School-Context","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for global egalitarianism and the patriotism-cosmopolitanism dispute."],["[4612]","Empedocles","https://iep.utm.edu/empedocles/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Reference Entry","Philosopher-Profile","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","Reference profile for Empedocles of Acragas, his cosmology, epistemology, religious teaching, and fragmentary evidence."],["[4613]","Enlightenment","https://iep.utm.edu/enlightenment/","IEP","iep.utm.edu","Live Rendered Card","Reference","","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for eighteenth-century Enlightenment philosophy."],["[11576]","Enlightenment search","https://iep.utm.edu/?s=Enlightenment","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia Search","Historical-Context","IEP search","iep.utm.edu","IEP search surface for Enlightenment."],["[4614]","Environmental Ethics","https://iep.utm.edu/envi-eth/","IEP","IEP","Reference","Source-Context","","iep.utm.edu","IEP context connecting Singer to sentience, animals, environmental ethics, and the limits of anthropocentrism."],["[4615]","Epictetus","https://iep.utm.edu/epictetu/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Reference Entry","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","Reference profile for Epictetus as a Roman-period Stoic teacher, formerly enslaved student of Musonius Rufus, and founder of the Nicopolis school."],["[4616]","Epicurus","https://iep.utm.edu/epicur/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Reference Entry","Philosopher-Profile","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","Reference profile for Epicurus of Samos, including atomism, epistemology, pleasure, friendship, death, gods, and the Garden."],["[4618]","Ethics","https://iep.utm.edu/ethics/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Concept-Context","IEP context","iep.utm.edu","Context row for ethics and moral philosophy; not a dedicated Appiah profile."],["[11640]","Evidence","https://iep.utm.edu/evidence/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Subject-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for evidence."],["[4619]","Existentialism","https://iep.utm.edu/existent/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Context","IEP context","iep.utm.edu","IEP existentialism context row."],["[11641]","Fallibilism","https://iep.utm.edu/fallibil","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Subject-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for fallibilism."],["[4620]","Fazang","https://iep.utm.edu/fazang/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Reference Entry","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","Reference entry for Fazang, Huayan metaphysics, interpenetration, the Golden Lion, and the classification of Buddhist teachings."],["[4622]","Feminist Ethics","https://iep.utm.edu/fem-eth/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Context-Entry","IEP context","iep.utm.edu","Context row for feminist ethics and moral vulnerability; not a dedicated Butler profile."],["[4621]","Feminist Ethics and Narrative Ethics","https://iep.utm.edu/fem-e-n/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Discipline-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP feminist ethics context that cites Young on uptake, voice, and exclusion from public discourse."],["[4625]","Foucault, Michel","https://iep.utm.edu/foucault/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Philosopher-Profile","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP profile for Foucault as a transdisciplinary philosopher of history, power, knowledge, discourse, subjectivity, and critique."],["[4626]","Foucault, Michel: Ethics","https://iep.utm.edu/fouc-eth/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Concept-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for Foucault on ethics, practices of freedom, care of the self, subjectivation, and ancient truth-telling."],["[4627]","Foucault, Michel: Political Thought","https://iep.utm.edu/fouc-pol/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Concept-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for Foucault on power, discipline, governmentality, biopolitics, and political rationality."],["[4577]","Francis Bacon","https://iep.utm.edu/bacon","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Reference Entry","Philosopher-Profile","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","Reference entry for Bacon's empiricism, inductive method, critique of scholasticism, political career, and scientific program."],["[11618]","Francis Bacon","https://iep.utm.edu/bacon/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","School-Context","iep.utm.edu","IEP article on Bacon, induction, idols, natural philosophy, and the Baconian method."],["[4655]","Francis Hutcheson","https://iep.utm.edu/hutcheso/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Philosopher-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for Francis Hutcheson."],["[4596]","Frankfurt School and Critical Theory","https://iep.utm.edu/critical-theory-frankfurt-school/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Context-Entry","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for Frankfurt School critical theory and Marcuse among Horkheimer, Adorno, Fromm, and later critical theorists; not a dedicated Marcuse profile."],["[4628]","Frankfurt School and Critical Theory","https://iep.utm.edu/frankfur/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Discipline-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for critical theory and post-Marxist cultural analysis relevant to Baudrillard."],["[4629]","Frege, Gottlob","https://iep.utm.edu/frege/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Reference Entry","Philosopher-Profile","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","Reference entry for Frege as German logician, mathematician, philosopher, inventor of modern quantificational logic, logicist, and founder of analytic philosophy."],["[4630]","Frege, Gottlob: Language","https://iep.utm.edu/freg-lan/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Reference Entry","Topic-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","Reference context for Frege on sense, reference, thought, compositionality, indirect contexts, names, concepts, and the philosophy of language."],["[4701]","Friedrich Nietzsche","https://iep.utm.edu/nietzsch/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Reference Entry","Philosopher-Profile","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","Reference entry for Nietzsche's biography, works, nihilism, genealogy, perspectivism, art, religion critique, and major philosophical themes."],["[11642]","Geometrical Method","https://iep.utm.edu/geo-meth/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Subject-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for geometrical method."],["[4554]","German Idealism","https://iep.utm.edu/2011/germidea/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Movement-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for Fichte within German idealism."],["[4631]","Global Ethics: Capabilities Approach","https://iep.utm.edu/ge-capab/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Concept-Context","IEP context","iep.utm.edu","IEP capability approach entry with direct Nussbaum discussion; not a dedicated Nussbaum profile."],["[11577]","Gongsun Long search","https://iep.utm.edu/?s=Gongsun+Long","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia Search","Philosopher-Context","IEP search","iep.utm.edu","IEP search surface for Gongsun Long."],["[4632]","Gorgias","https://iep.utm.edu/gorgias/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Reference Entry","Philosopher-Profile","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","Reference entry for Gorgias as Sicilian philosopher, orator, rhetorician, sophist, teacher of civic rhetoric, and author of On Non-Being, Encomium of Helen, and Defense of Palamedes."],["[4673]","Gottfried Leibniz: Philosophy of Mind","https://iep.utm.edu/leibniz-mind/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Reference Entry","Topic-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","Reference context for Leibniz on perception, apperception, petites perceptions, monads, mind-body relation, and pre-established harmony."],["[11669]","Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz","https://iep.utm.edu/page/leib-ove/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Philosopher-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz."],["[4634]","Gregory of Nyssa","https://iep.utm.edu/gregoryn/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Reference Entry","Context-Entry","IEP context entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for the Cappadocians, noting Gregory of Nazianzus as brilliant orator, author of the Theological Orations, and member of the Cappadocian consensus."],["[11644]","Hedonism","https://iep.utm.edu/hedonism/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia Context","School-Context","iep.utm.edu","IEP context on hedonism relevant to Epicurean ethics and later debates."],["[4637]","Hegel: Social and Political Thought","https://iep.utm.edu/hegelsoc/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Reference Entry","Doctrine-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","Reference context for Hegel's ethical life, civil society, state, freedom, history, and political philosophy."],["[11578]","Heinrich Suso search","https://iep.utm.edu/?s=Heinrich+Suso","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia Search","Philosopher-Context","IEP search","iep.utm.edu","IEP search surface for Heinrich Suso."],["[4639]","Hellenistic Astrology","https://iep.utm.edu/hellenistic-astrology/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Reference Entry","Context-Entry","IEP context entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP topic context for Gregory Nazianzen and the Cappadocians on astronomy, astrology, chance, necessity, freedom, and providence."],["[4640]","Heraclitus","https://iep.utm.edu/heraclit/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Philosopher-Profile","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP profile for Heraclitus, Ephesus, logos, unity in experience, political remarks, paradox, flux, and criticism of predecessors."],["[4641]","Hermeneutics","https://iep.utm.edu/hermeneutics/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Tradition Context","IEP context","iep.utm.edu","IEP hermeneutics context for Heideggerian interpretation."],["[4642]","Hindu Philosophy","https://iep.utm.edu/hindu-ph/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Reference Entry","Context-Entry","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for Hindu philosophy, Vedic thought, sacred speech, ritual order, and the early textual horizon around Rigvedic philosophical reflection."],["[4643]","History of African Philosophy","https://iep.utm.edu/history-of-african-philosophy/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Context-Entry","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for African philosophy and the debate in which Oruka's four trends and sage philosophy became central; not a dedicated Oruka profile."],["[4644]","History of Chinese Philosophy","https://iep.utm.edu/history-of-chinese-philosophy/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","History-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP historical context for Warring States intellectual pluralism, Chinese schools, Mohism, Daoism, Confucianism, and disputation."],["[4647]","Huineng (Hui-neng)","https://iep.utm.edu/huineng/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Philosopher-Profile","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP dedicated profile for Huineng, biography, mythic layers, Platform Sutra, no-thought, sudden awakening, ritual, text, and later influence."],["[4648]","Human Dignity","https://iep.utm.edu/human-dignity/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Concept-Context","IEP context","iep.utm.edu","IEP context row for human dignity and capabilities theory."],["[4652]","Hume on Religion","https://iep.utm.edu/hume-religion/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Theme-Entry","Reference article","iep.utm.edu","Thematic entry for Hume's critique of natural theology, miracles, design arguments, and religious belief."],["[4650]","Hume: Causation","https://iep.utm.edu/hume-causation/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Theme-Entry","Reference article","iep.utm.edu","Thematic entry for Hume's account of causation, necessary connection, custom, and inductive inference."],["[4651]","Hume: Imagination","https://iep.utm.edu/hume-imagination/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Theme-Entry","Reference article","iep.utm.edu","Thematic entry on imagination, association, belief, memory, and the mental mechanisms in Hume's science of human nature."],["[4656]","Ibn Rushd (Averroes)","https://iep.utm.edu/ibn-rushd-averroes/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Philosopher-Profile","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP profile for Ibn Rushd, life, Aristotelianism, commentaries, Decisive Treatise, Incoherence, and influence."],["[11625]","IEP Albert Camus","https://iep.utm.edu/camus/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","reference","School-Context","iep.utm.edu","IEP article on Camus, absurdity, revolt, ethics, and his relation to existentialism."],["[11608]","IEP al-Farabi","https://iep.utm.edu/al-farabi/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia Context","School-Context","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for al-Farabi, emanation, intellect, prophecy, and Arabic Neoplatonic-Aristotelian synthesis."],["[11609]","IEP al-Kindi","https://iep.utm.edu/al-kindi/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia Context","School-Context","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for al-Kindi, translation-era philosophy, metaphysics, and Greek sources in Arabic."],["[11664]","IEP Bhartrihari","https://iep.utm.edu/page/bhartrihari/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","School-Context","iep.utm.edu","IEP article on Bhartrhari, Vakyapadiya, grammar as darshana, sphota, and Indian philosophy of language."],["[4581]","IEP Bonaventure","https://iep.utm.edu/bonaventure/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","School-Context","iep.utm.edu","IEP article on Bonaventure, Franciscan scholastic theology, illumination, exemplarism, and ascent."],["[11603]","IEP Existentialism","https://iep.utm.edu/2010/existent/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","reference","School-Context","iep.utm.edu","IEP introduction to existentialism and its themes of freedom, choice, death, meaning, and authenticity."],["[11643]","IEP German Idealism","https://iep.utm.edu/germidea/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","School-Context","iep.utm.edu","IEP overview of German Idealism, Fichte, Schelling, Hegel, post-Kantian metaphysics, and systematic philosophy."],["[11645]","IEP Hegel","https://iep.utm.edu/hegel/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","School-Context","iep.utm.edu","IEP article on Hegel, absolute idealism, dialectic, history, and philosophy of spirit."],["[11579]","IEP Ikhwan al-Safa Search","https://iep.utm.edu/?s=Ikhwan+al-Safa","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia Search","School-Context","iep.utm.edu","IEP search surface for Ikhwan al-Safa / Brethren of Purity context and Neoplatonic encyclopedia traditions."],["[11650]","IEP Ismaili Philosophy","https://iep.utm.edu/ismaili/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia Context","School-Context","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for Ismaili philosophy and Neoplatonic cosmology in Islamic intellectual traditions."],["[11588]","IEP Plotinus Arabic Neoplatonism Search","https://iep.utm.edu/?s=Plotinus+Arabic+Neoplatonism","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia Search","School-Context","iep.utm.edu","IEP search surface for Plotinus and the metaphysical background of Arabic Plotinus."],["[11674]","IEP Presocratics Heraclitus Context","https://iep.utm.edu/presocra/#H4","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia Context","School-Context","iep.utm.edu","IEP Presocratics context for Heraclitus and early Greek philosophy."],["[20702]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/aarnauld/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Antoine Arnauld."],["[20703]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/addamsj/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Jane Addams."],["[20704]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/agamben/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Giorgio Agamben."],["[20705]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/agnes-arnauld/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Agnès Arnauld."],["[20706]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/alex-sam/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Samuel Alexander."],["[20707]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/anaxarch/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Anaxarchus."],["[20708]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/anaxarchus/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Anaxarchus."],["[20709]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/anders-j/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for John Anderson."],["[20710]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/anscombe/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for G. E. M. Anscombe."],["[20711]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/antoine-arnauld/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Antoine Arnauld."],["[20712]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/arna-ang/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Marie Angélique Arnauld."],["[20713]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/arnauld/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Agnès Arnauld."],["[20714]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/astell/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Mary Astell."],["[20715]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/bayle/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Pierre Bayle."],["[20716]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/bentham/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Jeremy Bentham."],["[20717]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/berkeley/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for George Berkeley."],["[20718]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/blanchot/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Maurice Blanchot."],["[20719]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/blondel/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Maurice Blondel."],["[20720]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/bodin/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Jean Bodin."],["[20721]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/bolingbr/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke."],["[20722]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/bonhoeff/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Dietrich Bonhoeffer."],["[20723]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/buber/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Martin Buber."],["[20724]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/caird/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Edward Caird."],["[20725]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/cassirer/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Ernst Cassirer."],["[20726]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/castoria/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Cornelius Castoriadis."],["[20727]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/cavend-m/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne."],["[20728]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/chomsky-philosophy/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Noam Chomsky."],["[20729]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/cockburn/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Catharine Trotter."],["[20730]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/cornelius-castoriadis/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Cornelius Castoriadis."],["[20731]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/critias/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Critias."],["[20732]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/cudworth/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Ralph Cudworth."],["[20733]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/cumberla/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Richard Cumberland."],["[20734]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/darwin/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Charles Darwin."],["[20735]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/davidson/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Donald Davidson."],["[20736]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/deleuze/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Gilles Deleuze."],["[20737]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/demonax/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Demonax."],["[20738]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/deshouli/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Antoinette du Ligier de la Garde Deshoulières."],["[20739]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/deshouliereas-antoinette-du-ligier-de-la-garde/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Antoinette du Ligier de la Garde Deshoulières."],["[20740]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/dietrich-bonhoeffer/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Dietrich Bonhoeffer."],["[20741]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/diogenes-of-sinope/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Diogenes of Sinope."],["[20742]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/dioglaer/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Diogenes Laërtius."],["[20743]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/diogsino/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Diogenes of Sinope."],["[20744]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/donoso/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Juan Donoso Cortés."],["[20745]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/dubois/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of 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E. B. Du Bois."],["[20746]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/dummett/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Michael Dummett."],["[20747]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/durkheim/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Émile Durkheim."],["[20748]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/edward-caird/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Edward Caird."],["[20749]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/ellacuri/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Ignacio Ellacuría."],["[20750]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/emerson/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Ralph Waldo Emerson."],["[20751]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/emile-durkheim/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Émile Durkheim."],["[20752]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/ernst-cassirer/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Ernst Cassirer."],["[20753]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/fanon/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Frantz Fanon."],["[20754]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/fedorov/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Nikolai Fyodorovich Fyodorov."],["[20755]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/feng/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Feng Youlan."],["[20756]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/fine-k/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Kit Fine."],["[20757]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/fodor/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Jerry Fodor."],["[20758]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/freire/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Paulo Freire."],["[20759]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/gadamer/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Hans-Georg Gadamer."],["[20760]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/gale-ric/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Richard M. Gale."],["[20761]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/galen/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Galen."],["[20762]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/gau%e1%b8%8dapad/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Gaudapada."],["[20763]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/gehong/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Ge Hong."],["[20764]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/george-berkeley-british-empiricist/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of 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profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/girard/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for René Girard."],["[20769]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/godwin/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for William Godwin."],["[20770]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/goethe/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Johann Wolfgang von Goethe."],["[20771]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/gouges/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of 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profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/hamilton/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Sir William Hamilton, 9th Baronet."],["[20776]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/hannah-arendt/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Hannah Arendt."],["[20777]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/helvetiu/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Claude Adrien Helvétius."],["[20778]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/hempel/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Carl Gustav Hempel."],["[20779]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/herbert/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Edward Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Cherbury."],["[20780]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/hick/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for John Hick."],["[20781]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/hipparch/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Hipparchia of Maroneia."],["[20782]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/hippocra/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Hippocrates."],["[20783]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/hodgson/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Shadworth Hodgson."],["[20784]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/holderli/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Friedrich Hölderlin."],["[20785]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/huxley/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Thomas Henry Huxley."],["[20786]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/ignacio-ellacuria/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Ignacio Ellacuría."],["[20787]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/irigaray/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Luce Irigaray."],["[20788]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/jacobi/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi."],["[20789]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/jean-bodin/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Jean Bodin."],["[20790]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/jeremy-bentham/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Jeremy Bentham."],["[20791]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/joachim/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Harold Joachim."],["[20792]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/john-anderson/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for John Anderson."],["[20793]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/jose-ortega-y-gasset/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for José Ortega y Gasset."],["[20794]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/juan-donoso-cortes/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Juan Donoso Cortés."],["[20795]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/khusraw/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Nasir Khusraw."],["[20796]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/kirmani/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani."],["[20797]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/kojeve/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Alexandre Kojève."],["[20798]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/kraft/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Victor Kraft."],["[20799]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/kuhn-ts/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Thomas Kuhn."],["[20800]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/lamberta/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Anne-Thérèse de Marguenat de Courcelles."],["[20801]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/lasablie/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Marguerite de la Sablière."],["[20802]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/lequyer/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Jules Lequier."],["[20803]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/lewisci/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Clarence Irving Lewis."],["[20804]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/liezi/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Lie Yukou."],["[20805]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/lindenba/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Adolf Lindenbaum."],["[20806]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/lipsius/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Justus Lipsius."],["[20807]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/lotze/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Hermann Lotze."],["[20808]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/lucian-blaga/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Lucian Blaga."],["[20809]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/luther/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Martin Luther."],["[20810]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/mac-over/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Alasdair MacIntyre."],["[20811]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/madhva/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Madhvacharya."],["[20812]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/maimon/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Salomon Maimon."],["[20813]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/maimonid/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Moshe ben Maimon."],["[20814]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/mainteno/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Françoise d'Aubigné, Marquise de Maintenon."],["[20815]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/malcolm/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Norman Malcolm."],["[20816]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/malebr-r/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Nicolas Malebranche."],["[20817]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/marcel/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Gabriel Marcel."],["[20818]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/martin-buber/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Martin Buber."],["[20819]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/mary-astell/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Mary Astell."],["[20820]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/maurice-blanchot/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Maurice Blanchot."],["[20821]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/maurice-blondel/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Maurice Blondel."],["[20822]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/mead/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for George Herbert Mead."],["[20823]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/menippus/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Menippus."],["[20824]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/meyerson/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Émile Meyerson."],["[20825]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/michael-dummett/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Michael Dummett."],["[20826]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/mitchell/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for William Mitchell."],["[20827]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/montaign/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Michel de Montaigne."],["[20828]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/montaigne/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Michel de Montaigne."],["[20829]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/moore/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for G. E. Moore."],["[20830]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/musonius/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Gaius Musonius Rufus."],["[20831]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/nancy/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Jean-Luc Nancy."],["[20832]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/nicholas/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Nicholas of Cusa."],["[20833]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/novalis/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Novalis."],["[20834]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/nozick/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Robert Nozick."],["[20835]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/paley/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for William Paley."],["[20836]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/pascal-j/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Jacqueline Pascal."],["[20837]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/philo/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Philo of Alexandria."],["[20838]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/pierre-bayle/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Pierre Bayle."],["[20839]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/poincare/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Henri Poincaré."],["[20840]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/priestly/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Joseph Priestley."],["[20841]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/pseudodi/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite."],["[20842]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/qutb/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Sayyid Qutb."],["[20843]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/radhakri/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan."],["[20844]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/ralph-cudworth/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Ralph Cudworth."],["[20845]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/ralph-waldo-emerson/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Ralph Waldo Emerson."],["[20846]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/ramanuja/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Ramanuja."],["[20847]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/rand/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Ayn Rand."],["[20848]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/rawls/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for John Rawls."],["[20849]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/reichenb/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Hans Reichenbach."],["[20850]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/rescher/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Nicholas Rescher."],["[20851]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/ricoeur/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Paul Ricœur."],["[20852]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/rorty/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Richard Rorty."],["[20853]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/roy_mn/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for M. N. Roy."],["[20854]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/roycejos/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Josiah Royce."],["[20855]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/sable/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Madeleine de Souvré, marquise de Sablé."],["[20856]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/sadra/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Mulla Sadra."],["[20857]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/samuel-alexander/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Samuel Alexander."],["[20858]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/santayan/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for George Santayana."],["[20859]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/santideva/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Shantideva."],["[20860]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/schutz/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Alfred Schütz."],["[20861]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/sella-rw/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Roy Wood Sellars."],["[20862]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/sevigne/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Madame de Sévigné."],["[20863]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/shaftes/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury."],["[20864]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/shahras/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Al-Shahrastani."],["[20865]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/shpet/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Gustav Shpet."],["[20866]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/solovyov/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Vladimir Solovyov."],["[20867]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/spencer/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Herbert Spencer."],["[20868]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/stebbing/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Susan Stebbing."],["[20869]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/stilpo/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Stilpo."],["[20870]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/suarez/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Francisco Suárez."],["[20871]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/thrasymachus/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Thrasymachus."],["[20872]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/tu-weimi/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Tu Weiming."],["[20873]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/tyler-burge/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Tyler Burge."],["[20874]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/vattimo/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Gianni Vattimo."],["[20875]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/venkatan/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Vedanta Desika."],["[20876]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/vico/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Giambattista Vico."],["[20877]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/wangchon/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Wang Chong."],["[20878]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/wasa/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Christina of Sweden."],["[20879]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/weil/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Simone Weil."],["[20880]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/whitehead/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Alfred North Whitehead."],["[20881]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/whitehed/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Alfred North Whitehead."],["[20882]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/wiredu/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Kwasi Wiredu."],["[20883]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/wisdom/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for John Wisdom."],["[20884]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/wright/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Chauncey Wright."],["[20885]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/yangxion/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Yang Xiong."],["[20886]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/zhang-ju/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Carsun Chang."],["[20887]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/zhong-hui-chung-hui-chinese-philosopher/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Zhong Hui."],["[20888]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/zhonghui/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Zhong Hui."],["[20889]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/zizek/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Slavoj Žižek."],["[20890]","IEP profile/reference","https://iep.utm.edu/zongsan/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosopher-Profile","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry used as an external profile source for Mou Tsung-san."],["[11620]","IEP Simone de Beauvoir","https://iep.utm.edu/beauvoir/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","reference","School-Context","iep.utm.edu","IEP article on Beauvoir, existential feminism, ethics, ambiguity, and The Second Sex."],["[11683]","IEP Simplicity in Philosophy of Science","https://iep.utm.edu/simplici/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Reference","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry on simplicity, included for Ockham's razor, parsimony, ontological economy, and methodological caution."],["[11653]","IEP Soren Kierkegaard","https://iep.utm.edu/kierkega/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","reference","School-Context","iep.utm.edu","IEP article on Kierkegaard, religious existence, anxiety, despair, subjectivity, and faith."],["[4770]","IEP Universals","https://iep.utm.edu/universa/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Reference","iep.utm.edu","IEP overview of universals, supporting the realism, conceptualism, nominalism, particulars, properties, and classification background."],["[4704]","IEP William of Ockham","https://iep.utm.edu/ockham/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Reference","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry on William of Ockham, supporting Ockham, nominalism, logic, metaphysics, universals, and theological-political context."],["[11692]","IEP Xuanzang: Faxiang Context","https://iep.utm.edu/xuanzang/#H3","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia Context","School-Context","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for Xuanzang, Yogacara, translation, and the Chinese Faxiang school."],["[4740]","IEP: Sartre, Existentialism","https://iep.utm.edu/sartre-ex/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Reference","Direct","2025","iep.utm.edu","IEP direct Sartre entry focused on existentialism."],["[4741]","IEP: Sartre's Political Philosophy","https://iep.utm.edu/sartre-p/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Reference","Direct","2025","iep.utm.edu","IEP direct Sartre political philosophy entry."],["[11648]","Ikhwan al-Safa","https://iep.utm.edu/ikhwan-al-safa/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Cosmology-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for Ikhwan al-Safa."],["[11605]","Immanuel Kant","https://iep.utm.edu/2012/kantview/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","School-Context","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for Kant's universal ethics, history, and cosmopolitan purpose."],["[11628]","Indian Philosophy category","https://iep.utm.edu/category/traditions/indian/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia Category","Historical-Context","IEP category","iep.utm.edu","IEP category surface for Indian philosophy."],["[4564]","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Analytic Philosophy","https://iep.utm.edu/analytic-philosophy/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Context","","iep.utm.edu","Context for analytic philosophy and Wittgenstein scholarship."],["[4660]","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Jain Philosophy","https://iep.utm.edu/jain/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Reference","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry explicitly tracing present-age Jainism to MahÄvÄ«ra and documenting Jain metaphysics, epistemology, logic, and ethics."],["[4775]","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Ludwig Wittgenstein","https://iep.utm.edu/wittgens/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Reference","","iep.utm.edu","IEP profile for biography, Tractatus, ordinary-language philosophy, and later influence."],["[4724]","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Private Language","https://iep.utm.edu/private-language/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Context","","iep.utm.edu","Private-language context for later Wittgenstein reception."],["[11649]","Interventionism","https://iep.utm.edu/interven/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Political-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for international interventionism."],["[11580]","Ishvarakrishna search","https://iep.utm.edu/?s=Ishvarakrishna","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia Search","Philosopher-Context","IEP search","iep.utm.edu","IEP search surface for Ishvarakrishna."],["[4658]","Islamic Philosophy","https://iep.utm.edu/islamic-philosophy/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Tradition-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for Islamic philosophy, falsafa, kalam, Avicenna, al-Ghazali, and Ibn Rushd."],["[11629]","Islamic Philosophy category","https://iep.utm.edu/category/traditions/islamic/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia Category","School-Context","IEP category","iep.utm.edu","IEP category surface for Islamic philosophy."],["[11581]","Islamic Philosophy search","https://iep.utm.edu/?s=Islamic+philosophy","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia Search","School-Context","IEP search","iep.utm.edu","IEP search surface for Islamic philosophy."],["[11667]","Ismaili Philosophy","https://iep.utm.edu/page/ismaili","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Cosmology-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for Ismaili philosophy."],["[4636]","Jürgen Habermas","https://iep.utm.edu/habermas/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Philosopher-Profile","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP profile for Habermas, communicative rationality, public sphere, discourse ethics, and critical theory."],["[11668]","Jacques Derrida","https://iep.utm.edu/page/jacques-derrida/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","School-Context","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry on Jacques Derrida and the development of deconstruction."],["[4683]","Jean-Francois Lyotard","https://iep.utm.edu/lyotard/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Philosopher-Profile","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP profile for Lyotard, postmodernity, language games, the differend, and metanarratives."],["[4736]","Jean-Jacques Rousseau","https://iep.utm.edu/rousseau/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Philosopher-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for Jean-Jacques Rousseau."],["[11621]","Jeremy Bentham","https://iep.utm.edu/bentham/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Philosopher-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for Bentham."],["[4623]","Johann Gottlieb Fichte","https://iep.utm.edu/fichtejg/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Philosopher-Profile","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP profile for Fichte's life, works, Wissenschaftslehre, ethics, law, and religion."],["[4606]","John Dewey","https://iep.utm.edu/dewey/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Philosopher-Profile","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP profile for Dewey's life, pragmatism, inquiry, education, ethics, democracy, and religion."],["[4662]","John Duns Scotus","https://iep.utm.edu/john-duns-scotus/","IEP","iep.utm.edu","Live Rendered Card","Reference","","iep.utm.edu","IEP profile for John Duns Scotus, scholasticism, metaphysics, cognition, free will, logic, and theology."],["[11681]","John Duns Scotus","https://iep.utm.edu/scotus/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Philosopher-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for John Duns Scotus."],["[4677]","John Locke","https://iep.utm.edu/locke/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Philosopher-Profile","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP profile for Locke and his general philosophy."],["[4691]","John Stuart Mill","https://iep.utm.edu/milljs/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Philosopher-Profile","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP profile for Mill, biography, utilitarianism, liberty, logic, induction, and political philosophy."],["[11651]","Just War Theory","https://iep.utm.edu/justwar/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Ethics-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for just war theory."],["[11582]","Kang Youwei search","https://iep.utm.edu/?s=Kang+Youwei","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia Search","Philosopher-Context","IEP search","iep.utm.edu","IEP search surface for Kang Youwei."],["[4666]","Kant: Philosophy of Mind","https://iep.utm.edu/kantview/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Philosopher-Profile","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP Kant overview covering critical philosophy, mind, knowledge, morality, aesthetics, religion, and influence."],["[11652]","Kant: Transcendental Idealism","https://iep.utm.edu/kant-transcendental-idealism/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Lineage-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for Kant transcendental idealism."],["[4663]","Kant's Aesthetics","https://iep.utm.edu/kantaest/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Discipline-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP account of Kant on beauty, sublimity, judgment, taste, genius, and art."],["[4664]","Kant's Metaphysics","https://iep.utm.edu/kantmeta/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Discipline-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP account of Kantian metaphysics, transcendental idealism, categories, synthetic a priori knowledge, and the Critique of Pure Reason."],["[4665]","Kant's moral philosophy context","https://iep.utm.edu/kantmeta/#SH4c","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Discipline-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP Kant context for autonomy, morality, freedom, and categorical-imperative arguments."],["[4555]","Kant's Philosophy of Religion","https://iep.utm.edu/2014/kant-rel/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Discipline-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP account of Kant's religion, moral faith, radical evil, and relation between reason and Christianity."],["[11583]","Kapila search","https://iep.utm.edu/?s=Kapila","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia Search","Philosopher-Context","IEP search","iep.utm.edu","IEP search surface for Kapila."],["[4669]","Laozi","https://iep.utm.edu/laozi/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Philosopher-Profile","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP Laozi profile documenting legendary biography, 6th-century BCE floruit convention, Daodejing attribution, Daoist philosophy, and religious Daoist deity reception."],["[11655]","Laozi","https://iep.utm.edu/laozi","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","School-Context","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry on Laozi, the Daodejing, and Daoist philosophical themes."],["[11573]","Legalism search","https://iep.utm.edu/?s=Chinese+Legalism","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia Search","Historical-Context","IEP search","iep.utm.edu","IEP search surface for Chinese Legalism."],["[4675]","Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm","https://iep.utm.edu/leib-ove/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Reference Entry","Philosopher-Profile","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","Reference overview for Leibniz as early modern rationalist, polymath, logician, metaphysician, theologian, and author of Theodicy, New Essays, Monadology, and related works."],["[4672]","Leibniz, Gottfried: Causation","https://iep.utm.edu/leibniz-causation/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Reference Entry","Topic-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","Reference context for Leibniz on causation, intersubstantial interaction, pre-established harmony, and the relation between metaphysics and physical explanation."],["[4671]","Leibniz, Gottfried: Metaphysics","https://iep.utm.edu/leib-met/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Reference Entry","Topic-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","Reference context for predicate-in-subject truth, sufficient reason, monads, pre-established harmony, idealism, free will, evil, space, time, and indiscernibles."],["[4670]","Leibniz: Logic","https://iep.utm.edu/leib-log/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Reference Entry","Topic-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","Reference context for Leibniz on the syllogism, universal calculus, propositional logic, modal logic, characteristic numbers, and the logical program behind the Art of Combinations."],["[11656]","Leibniz: Metaphysics","https://iep.utm.edu/leib-met","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Metaphysics-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for Leibniz’s metaphysics."],["[4674]","Leibniz: Modal Metaphysics","https://iep.utm.edu/leibniz-modal-metaphysics/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Reference Entry","Topic-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","Reference context for Leibniz on possible worlds, divine choice, contingency, necessity, freedom, and the best possible world."],["[11584]","Liang Qichao search","https://iep.utm.edu/?s=Liang+Qichao","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia Search","Philosopher-Context","IEP search","iep.utm.edu","IEP search surface for Liang Qichao."],["[4676]","Liberalism","https://iep.utm.edu/liberal/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Concept-Context","IEP context","iep.utm.edu","IEP context row for liberalism and individual liberty."],["[4678]","Locke Epistemology","https://iep.utm.edu/locke-ep/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Concept-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry for Locke on ideas, knowledge, empiricism, science, testimony, and religious belief."],["[4679]","Locke Ethics","https://iep.utm.edu/locke-et/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Concept-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry for Locke on moral philosophy and ethics."],["[4680]","Locke Political Philosophy","https://iep.utm.edu/locke-po/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Concept-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry for Locke on political philosophy, property, government, toleration, and natural rights."],["[4681]","Logical Positivism","https://iep.utm.edu/logpos/","IEP","IEP","Reference Context","Source-Context","","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for logical positivism, verification, scientific philosophy, and Carnap's analytic setting."],["[4657]","Lokayata/Carvaka – Indian Materialism","https://iep.utm.edu/indmat/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","School-Context","iep.utm.edu","Scholarly encyclopedia context for Indian materialism, including Ajita Kesakambalin as a founder or early formalizer of the materialist system."],["[4682]","Lucretius","https://iep.utm.edu/lucretiu/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Philosopher-Profile","Reference article","iep.utm.edu","Peer-reviewed IEP entry on Lucretius, Epicureanism, naturalism, science, religion, and reception."],["[4692]","MÄ«mÄṃsÄ","https://iep.utm.edu/mimamsa/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Vedic Hermeneutics Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for Vedic authority, sacred language, and ritual hermeneutics."],["[11657]","Madhva","https://iep.utm.edu/madhva/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Philosopher-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for Madhva and Dvaita Vedanta."],["[11658]","MÄdhyamaka Buddhist Philosophy","https://iep.utm.edu/madhyamaka-buddhist-philosophy/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","School-Context","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for Madhyamaka Buddhist philosophy and emptiness."],["[4685]","Marcus Aurelius","https://iep.utm.edu/marcus-aurelius/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Philosopher-Profile","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","Dedicated IEP profile for Marcus Aurelius, his life, Stoicism, Epictetus influence, and the Meditations."],["[4624]","Marsilio Ficino","https://iep.utm.edu/ficino/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Philosopher-Profile","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP profile for Ficino, Renaissance Platonism, Platonic Theology, metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, and love."],["[4638]","Martin Heidegger","https://iep.utm.edu/heidegge/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Philosopher-Profile","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP profile for Heidegger, ontology, Dasein, Being and Time, technology, and later thought."],["[4689]","Maurice Merleau-Ponty","https://iep.utm.edu/merleau/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Philosopher-Profile","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP profile for Merleau-Ponty and embodied phenomenology."],["[4686]","Medieval Philosophy","https://iep.utm.edu/medieval-philosophy/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Reference Context","Source-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy context for medieval philosophy and scholastic traditions around Aquinas."],["[11626]","Medieval Philosophy category","https://iep.utm.edu/category/history/medieval/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia Category","School-Context","IEP category","iep.utm.edu","IEP category surface for medieval philosophy."],["[4687]","Medieval Theories of Aesthetics","https://iep.utm.edu/medieval-theories-of-aesthetics/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Aesthetics-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for beauty, number, order, music, proportion, and symbolic interpretation in medieval thought relevant to Isidore."],["[11659]","Meister Eckhart","https://iep.utm.edu/meister-eckhart/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Philosopher-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for Meister Eckhart."],["[7309]","Meister Eckhart (archived IEP)","https://web.archive.org/web/20160511063131/http://www.iep.utm.edu/eckhart/","Minor Voices","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy via Internet Archive","Archived Encyclopedia Entry","Philosopher-Profile","Archived IEP page","web.archive.org","Archived IEP profile retained as source evidence only because the current IEP surface is not live."],["[11660]","Mencius","https://iep.utm.edu/mencius/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","School-Context","iep.utm.edu","IEP article on Mencius as a central Confucian thinker of moral psychology and humane government."],["[4688]","Mencius (Mengzi)","https://iep.utm.edu/mencius","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Philosopher-Profile","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP profile for Mencius, the Mencius text, xingshan, the four sprouts, benevolent government, and moral cultivation."],["[4690]","Middle Platonism","https://iep.utm.edu/midplato/","IEP","IEP","School Context","Source-Context","","iep.utm.edu","IEP context mentioning Posidonius in the blended Hellenistic and early imperial philosophical environment."],["[4693]","Modal Logic","https://iep.utm.edu/modallogic/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Logic-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP row for modal logic, necessity, possibility, and semantics background relevant to Kripke's early technical work."],["[4694]","Modern Chinese Philosophy","https://iep.utm.edu/modern-chinese-philosophy/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context row identifying Zhang Zhidong and Quanxue Pian as representative of modern Chinese transformational philosophy."],["[11661]","Montesquieu","https://iep.utm.edu/montesquieu/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","School-Context","iep.utm.edu","IEP article on Montesquieu, political liberty, law, and institutional balance."],["[4695]","Mozi","https://iep.utm.edu/mozi/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Philosopher-Profile","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP profile for Mozi, Mohism, impartial care, anti-aggression, Heaven, ghosts, meritocracy, and practical benefit."],["[11680]","Mulla Sadra","https://iep.utm.edu/sadra/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Metaphysics-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for Mulla Sadra."],["[11585]","Mulla Sadra search","https://iep.utm.edu/?s=Mulla+Sadra","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia Search","Philosopher-Context","IEP search","iep.utm.edu","IEP search surface for Mulla Sadra."],["[11662]","Multiculturalism","https://iep.utm.edu/multicul/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","School-Context","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for multiculturalism, cultural pluralism, and anti-essentialist cosmopolitan accounts of culture."],["[11663]","Mysticism","https://iep.utm.edu/mysticism/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Subject-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for mysticism."],["[4696]","NÄgÄrjuna","https://iep.utm.edu/nagarjun/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","School-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry supporting NÄgÄrjuna, catuá¹£koá¹i, emptiness, dependent origination, and Madhyamaka interpretive context."],["[4698]","Natural Law","https://iep.utm.edu/natlaw/","IEP","IEP","Concept Context","Source-Context","","iep.utm.edu","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy context for natural law and Aquinas's practical philosophy."],["[11687]","Natural Theology","https://iep.utm.edu/theo-nat/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Doctrine-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for natural theology."],["[4699]","Neo-Confucian Philosophy","https://iep.utm.edu/neo-confucian-philosophy/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Tradition-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for the Neo-Confucian tradition whose Ming and Song-Yuan lineages Huang reconstructed and evaluated."],["[11586]","Neo-Confucianism search","https://iep.utm.edu/?s=Neo-Confucianism","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia Search","Historical-Context","IEP search","iep.utm.edu","IEP search surface for Neo-Confucianism."],["[4700]","Neoplatonism","https://iep.utm.edu/neoplato/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Context-Anchor","IEP article","iep.utm.edu","Context reference for Neoplatonism, hierarchy, the One, soul, and late antique philosophical schools around Damascius."],["[4684]","Niccolo Machiavelli","https://iep.utm.edu/machiave/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Philosopher-Profile","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP profile for Machiavelli on life, Florence, The Prince, Discourses, republicanism, and political method."],["[4702]","Nietzsche's Ethics","https://iep.utm.edu/nietzsches-ethics/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Reference Entry","Doctrine-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","Reference context for Nietzsche's ethics, value creation, ressentiment, master and slave morality, and critique of moral objectivity."],["[11604]","Nihilism","https://iep.utm.edu/2010/nihilism/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Subject-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for nihilism."],["[4703]","Nyaya","https://iep.utm.edu/nyaya/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Reference Entry","School-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","Reference entry for Nyaya epistemology, pramanas, logic, categories, metaphysics, and liberation-oriented rational inquiry."],["[11670]","Occasionalism","https://iep.utm.edu/page/occasion/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Causation-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for occasionalism."],["[4705]","Origen","https://iep.utm.edu/origen/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Reference","Source-Context","iep.utm.edu","IEP alternate Origen entry URL for source discovery and continuity"],["[4706]","Origen of Alexandria","https://iep.utm.edu/origen-of-alexandria/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Reference","Source-Context","iep.utm.edu","Philosophy encyclopedia entry centered on Origen's Christian Platonism, On First Principles, and Against Celsus"],["[11587]","Oruka search","https://iep.utm.edu/?s=Oruka","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia Search","Philosopher-Context","IEP search","iep.utm.edu","IEP search surface for Oruka."],["[4709]","Parmenides","https://iep.utm.edu/parmenid/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Context-Entry","Reference article","iep.utm.edu","Parmenides context for Melissus and Eleatic monism."],["[4710]","Peirce, Charles Sanders","https://iep.utm.edu/peirce-charles-sanders/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Philosopher-Profile","iep.utm.edu","IEP profile for Peirce, including biography, pragmaticism, semiotics, categories, inquiry, community, fallibilism, truth, and the interpretation of his philosophy."],["[4712]","Personal Identity","https://iep.utm.edu/person-i/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Concept-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP personal-identity context for Locke."],["[4711]","Personalism","https://iep.utm.edu/personal/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Reference Entry","Context-Entry","IEP context entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for the Cappadocian distinction between ousia and hypostasis and Gregory Nazianzus within later personalist interpretations of personhood."],["[4556]","Peter Abelard","https://iep.utm.edu/abelard/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Reference","Source-Context","iep.utm.edu","Philosophy encyclopedia entry on Abelard's life and thought"],["[4714]","Phenomenology","https://iep.utm.edu/phenom/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Discipline-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for Lyotard's early Phenomenology and phenomenological background."],["[4716]","Philodemus","https://iep.utm.edu/philodem/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Context-Entry","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for later Epicurean papyri and Philodemus, with Hermarchus serving as a predecessor in the Epicurean school."],["[4609]","Philosophy of Education","https://iep.utm.edu/educatio/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Concept-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP education context for Dewey's educational philosophy."],["[4610]","Philosophy of Education","https://iep.utm.edu/education-philosophy/","IEP","iep.utm.edu","Live Rendered Card","Reference","","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for Rousseau's Emile and natural education."],["[4668]","Philosophy of Language","https://iep.utm.edu/lang-phi/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Discipline-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP philosophy-of-language context for ordinary language, meaning, reference, pragmatics, and Austin's method."],["[11672]","Philosophy of Peace","https://iep.utm.edu/peace/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia Context","School-Context","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for Renaissance sources of peace thought and humanist political ethics."],["[11627]","Philosophy of Science category","https://iep.utm.edu/category/s-l-m/science/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia Category","Subject-Context","IEP category","iep.utm.edu","IEP category surface for philosophy of science."],["[4752]","Philosophy of Social Science","https://iep.utm.edu/soc-sci/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Concept-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for social theory, explanation, and Habermas-style critique of positivism."],["[4765]","Philosophy of Technology","https://iep.utm.edu/technolo/","IEP","iep.utm.edu","Live Rendered Card","Reference","","iep.utm.edu","IEP context naming Hugh's Didascalicon for its elevated treatment of the mechanical arts alongside the liberal arts."],["[4718]","Plato","https://iep.utm.edu/plato/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Reference","Source-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP Plato context for the Academy, Socratic-Platonic transmission, and late dialogues."],["[4717]","Plato: Laws","https://iep.utm.edu/pla-laws/","IEP","IEP","Reference","Source-Context","","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for Plato's Laws and the late Platonic framework around Philip's reported editing of the text."],["[4713]","Plato: Phaedo","https://iep.utm.edu/phaedo/","IEP","IEP","Reference","Source-Context","","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for Plato's Phaedo as a dialogue about Socrates' final hours, soul, immortality, and philosophical death."],["[4557]","Plato: The Academy","https://iep.utm.edu/academy/","IEP","IEP","Context","Source-Context","","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for Plato's Academy and the school tradition after Plato."],["[4719]","Plato's Academy","https://iep.utm.edu/plato-academy/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","School-Context","IEP article","iep.utm.edu","Context source for the Old Academy, Plato successors, and the institutional setting in which Crantor studied and wrote."],["[4720]","Plotinus","https://iep.utm.edu/plotinus/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Influence-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for Plotinian metaphysics, the One, intellect, soul, and later Neoplatonic reception."],["[11673]","Political Realism","https://iep.utm.edu/polreal","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","School-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for political realism."],["[4721]","Postmodernism","https://iep.utm.edu/postmodernism/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Discipline-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for Derrida's relation to postmodern and poststructuralist philosophy."],["[4722]","Pragmatism","https://iep.utm.edu/pragmati/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Movement-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for pragmatism and Dewey."],["[4723]","Presocratic Philosophy","https://iep.utm.edu/presocra/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Context-Entry","Reference article","iep.utm.edu","Reference entry for Presocratic context, atomism, Leucippus, Democritus, and the development of early Greek natural philosophy."],["[4725]","Protagoras","https://iep.utm.edu/protagor/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Context-Entry","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for the Older Sophists, including Hippias, Prodicus, Gorgias, rhetoric, and sophistic education."],["[11589]","Pseudo-Dionysius search","https://iep.utm.edu/?s=Pseudo-Dionysius","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia Search","Lineage-Context","IEP search","iep.utm.edu","IEP search surface for Pseudo-Dionysius."],["[4726]","Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite","https://iep.utm.edu/pseudodi/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Context-Entry","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for Dionysian negative theology, mystical ascent, hierarchy, and language about God that frames Suso's late medieval Dominican mystical vocabulary; not a dedicated Suso profile."],["[11675]","PudgalavÄda Buddhist Philosophy","https://iep.utm.edu/pudgalavada-buddhist-philosophy/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","School-Context","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for Buddhist personal identity debates and no-self controversies."],["[4727]","Pythagoras","https://iep.utm.edu/pythagor/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Tradition-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for Pythagorean biography, discipline, number, and the tradition Iamblichus systematized."],["[4728]","Pythagoras","https://iep.utm.edu/pythagoras/","IEP","IEP","Reference","Source-Context","","iep.utm.edu","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy target for Pythagoras and Pythagoreanism."],["[4730]","Quine and Philosophy of Science","https://iep.utm.edu/quine-science/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Concept Context","IEP entry/search target","iep.utm.edu","IEP Quine philosophy of science anchor/search target; retained as source/context evidence only."],["[11676]","Ramanuja","https://iep.utm.edu/ramanuja/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Philosopher-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for Ramanuja and Vishishtadvaita."],["[4731]","Rationalism","https://iep.utm.edu/rationalism/","IEP","IEP","Reference Context","Source-Context","","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for rationalism and Descartes's place in early modern rationalist philosophy."],["[11679]","René Descartes","https://iep.utm.edu/rene-descartes/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Philosopher-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for René Descartes."],["[11636]","René Descartes: Scientific Method","https://iep.utm.edu/descartes-scientific-method/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Subject-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for Descartes scientific method."],["[4734]","Renaissance Philosophy","https://iep.utm.edu/renaissa/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Reference Entry","Tradition-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","Renaissance philosophy context for human dignity, humanism, Platonism, Aristotelian recovery, and Pico's intellectual setting."],["[4604]","Rene Descartes","https://iep.utm.edu/descarte/","IEP","IEP","Reference","Source-Context","","iep.utm.edu","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy profile for Descartes, method, mind-body dualism, and rationalism."],["[11590]","Republicanism search","https://iep.utm.edu/?s=Republicanism","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia Search","Subject-Context","IEP search","iep.utm.edu","IEP search surface for republicanism."],["[11623]","Robert Boyle","https://iep.utm.edu/boyle/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Lineage-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for Robert Boyle."],["[4735]","Roger Bacon","https://iep.utm.edu/roger-bacon/","IEP","iep.utm.edu","Live Rendered Card","Reference","","iep.utm.edu","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy profile for Bacon, mathematics, optics, natural science, experience, and scholastic method."],["[11619]","Roger Bacon","https://iep.utm.edu/bacon-ro/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Philosopher-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for Roger Bacon."],["[11591]","Rousseau search","https://iep.utm.edu/?s=Rousseau","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia Search","Philosopher-Context","IEP search","iep.utm.edu","IEP search surface for Rousseau."],["[4737]","Rudolf Carnap","https://iep.utm.edu/rudolf-carnap/","IEP","IEP","Reference","Source-Context","","iep.utm.edu","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy profile for Carnap, logical positivism, semantics, and philosophy of science."],["[4739]","SÄá¹…khya","https://iep.utm.edu/sankhya/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","School-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP SÄá¹…khya entry for Īśvarakṛṣṇa, the KÄrikÄ, classical SÄṃkhya dualism, pramÄṇas, praká¹›ti, puruá¹£a, guṇas, and liberation."],["[11592]","SÄá¹…khya search","https://iep.utm.edu/?s=S%C4%81%E1%B9%85khya","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia Search","Search-Context","IEP search","iep.utm.edu","IEP search surface for SÄá¹…khya."],["[11654]","Saul Kripke","https://iep.utm.edu/kripke/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","School-Context","iep.utm.edu","IEP profile on Kripke, modal logic, naming, necessity, and reference."],["[4742]","Schelling, F. W. J. von","https://iep.utm.edu/schellin/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Reference Entry","Philosopher-Profile","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","Reference entry for Schelling's life, works, Naturphilosophie, transcendental idealism, freedom, art, mythology, and revelation."],["[11593]","Scholasticism search","https://iep.utm.edu/?s=Scholasticism","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia Search","School-Context","IEP search","iep.utm.edu","IEP search surface for Scholasticism."],["[11594]","School of Names search","https://iep.utm.edu/?s=School+of+Names","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia Search","Search-Context","IEP search","iep.utm.edu","IEP search surface for School of Names."],["[11595]","Scotism search","https://iep.utm.edu/?s=Scotism","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia Search","School-Context","IEP search","iep.utm.edu","IEP search surface for Scotism."],["[11596]","Scottish Enlightenment search","https://iep.utm.edu/?s=Scottish+Enlightenment","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia Search","School-Context","IEP search","iep.utm.edu","IEP search surface for Scottish Enlightenment."],["[11597]","Self-Strengthening Movement search","https://iep.utm.edu/?s=Self-Strengthening+Movement","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia Search","School-Context","IEP search","iep.utm.edu","IEP search surface for Self-Strengthening Movement."],["[4745]","Seneca","https://iep.utm.edu/seneca/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Philosopher-Profile","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP profile row for Seneca as Roman Stoic philosopher, statesman, dramatist, and author of essays and letters on virtue, anger, death, and self-command."],["[4746]","Sengzhao (Seng-Chao)","https://iep.utm.edu/sengzhao/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Philosopher-Profile","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP profile 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contract interpretation, relevant to the Crito dialogue while not making Crito the author of the argument."],["[4751]","Socrates","https://iep.utm.edu/socrates/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Socratic-Context","IEP article","iep.utm.edu","Context article on Socrates and the final-days tradition that frames Crito as a Socratic companion and dramatic witness."],["[11598]","Socratic method search","https://iep.utm.edu/?s=Socratic+method","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia Search","Method-Context","IEP search","iep.utm.edu","IEP search surface for Socratic method."],["[4753]","Sophists: Antiphon","https://iep.utm.edu/sophists/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Philosopher-Context","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for Antiphon and the sophistic debate over nomos, physis, rhetoric, and social convention."],["[4667]","Soren 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Epistemology","https://iep.utm.edu/spinoza-epistemology/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Subentry","iep.utm.edu","IEP subentry on Spinoza's adequate ideas, forms of knowledge, truth, error, and rational understanding."],["[4757]","Spinoza: Metaphysics","https://iep.utm.edu/spinoza-metaphysics/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Subentry","iep.utm.edu","IEP subentry on Spinoza's substance, attributes, modes, God-or-Nature, causality, and necessity."],["[11686]","Spinoza: Metaphysics","https://iep.utm.edu/spinoz-m/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Metaphysics-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for Spinoza’s metaphysics."],["[4758]","Spinoza: Moral Philosophy","https://iep.utm.edu/spinoza-moral/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Subentry","iep.utm.edu","IEP subentry on Spinoza's ethics, conatus, affects, freedom, blessedness, and the intellectual love of God."],["[4759]","Spinoza: Political Philosophy","https://iep.utm.edu/spinoza-political/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Subentry","iep.utm.edu","IEP subentry on Spinoza's political thought, democracy, natural right, state power, and freedom of philosophizing."],["[4760]","Spinoza: Religion","https://iep.utm.edu/spinoza-religion/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Subentry","iep.utm.edu","IEP subentry on Spinoza's biblical criticism, theology, prophecy, miracles, and religion in public life."],["[4761]","Stoa","https://iep.utm.edu/stoa/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","School Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry for the Stoa Poikile, Zeno's teaching place, and the origin of the Stoic school name."],["[4762]","Stoic Ethics","https://iep.utm.edu/stoiceth/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Ethics Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for Stoic ethics, virtue, indifferents, passions, and living according to nature."],["[4763]","Stoicism","https://iep.utm.edu/stoicism/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","School-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context row for Stoic logic, physics, ethics, virtue, and Roman reception."],["[4764]","Substance","https://iep.utm.edu/substance/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Reference Context","Source-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for Vaisheshika substance theory and Prasastapada's expansion of the canonical category list."],["[4766]","Thales of Miletus","https://iep.utm.edu/thales/","IEP","IEP","Reference","Source-Context","","iep.utm.edu","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry for Thales, Miletus, water, earth on water, geometry, astronomy, and ancient testimony."],["[4715]","The Phenomenological Reduction","https://iep.utm.edu/phen-red/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Reference Entry","Method-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","Methodological reference for the phenomenological reduction and epoché in Husserlian phenomenology."],["[4558]","Theodor W. Adorno","https://iep.utm.edu/adorno/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Peer Context","IEP context","iep.utm.edu","IEP Adorno context row for Dialectic of Enlightenment and Frankfurt School coauthorship."],["[4767]","Theophrastus","https://iep.utm.edu/theophrastus/","IEP","IEP","Reference","Source-Context","","iep.utm.edu","IEP Theophrastus page and image/context surface for the Peripatetic successor to Aristotle."],["[4768]","Thomas Aquinas","https://iep.utm.edu/thomas-aquinas/","IEP","IEP","Reference","Source-Context","","iep.utm.edu","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry for Thomas Aquinas, scholasticism, metaphysics, natural theology, ethics, and political philosophy."],["[11612]","Thomas Aquinas","https://iep.utm.edu/aquinas/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Philosopher-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for Thomas Aquinas."],["[4645]","Thomas Hobbes: Methodology","https://iep.utm.edu/hobmeth/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Reference","Source-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry on Hobbes's method, science, and philosophical construction."],["[4646]","Thomas Hobbes: Moral and Political Philosophy","https://iep.utm.edu/hobmoral","IEP","IEP","Reference","Source-Context","","iep.utm.edu","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry on Hobbes's state of nature, sovereign authority, obligation, and political order."],["[11646]","Thomas Hobbes: Moral and Political Philosophy","https://iep.utm.edu/hobmoral/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Lineage-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for Thomas Hobbes moral and political philosophy."],["[4697]","Thomas Nagel","https://iep.utm.edu/nagel/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Reference article","Source-Context","iep.utm.edu","IEP offers public scholarly context for Nagel on consciousness, moral philosophy, and objectivity."],["[11677]","Thomas Reid on Free Will","https://iep.utm.edu/reid-free-will/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Lineage-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for Thomas Reid on free will."],["[4732]","Thomas Reid on Mind and Perception","https://iep.utm.edu/reid/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Philosopher-Profile","IEP article","iep.utm.edu","Reference row for Reid on perception, common sense, and the critique of the theory of ideas."],["[11678]","Thomas Reid: Philosophy of Mind","https://iep.utm.edu/reidmind/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","School-Context","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry on Reid's philosophy of mind, common sense, and critique of the way of ideas."],["[4733]","Thomas Reid: Theory of Action","https://iep.utm.edu/reid-act/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Work-Context","IEP article","iep.utm.edu","Reference row for Reid on active powers, will, moral liberty, and responsibility."],["[11599]","Tiantai search","https://iep.utm.edu/?s=Tiantai","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia Search","School-Context","IEP search","iep.utm.edu","IEP search surface for Tiantai."],["[4769]","Tusi, Nasir al-Din","https://iep.utm.edu/tusi/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Philosopher-Profile","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP profile for Tusi on ethics, logic, astronomy, mathematics, theology, Ismaili and Shi'i context, and major works."],["[11688]","Upanishads","https://iep.utm.edu/upanisad/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Text-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for Upanishadic continuation of Vedic reflection."],["[4772]","Vasubandhu","https://iep.utm.edu/vasubandhu/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Philosopher-Profile","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP biography and work overview for Vasubandhu, Puruá¹£apura/GandhÄra, AbhidharmakoÅ›a, YogÄcÄra, and MahÄyÄna writings."],["[11671]","Vasubandhu","https://iep.utm.edu/page/vasubandhu/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Philosopher-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP profile for Vasubandhu as a major Buddhist thinker and YogÄcÄra source."],["[11689]","Voltaire","https://iep.utm.edu/voltaire/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","School-Context","iep.utm.edu","IEP article on Voltaire and Enlightenment critiques of religion, tolerance, and politics."],["[4773]","Wang Bi","https://iep.utm.edu/wangbi/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Philosopher-Profile","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP profile for Wang Bi, dates, xuanxue, Laozi commentary, Yijing commentary, nonbeing, and classical interpretation."],["[4774]","Wang Yangming","https://iep.utm.edu/wang-yangming/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Philosopher-Profile","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP profile for Wang Yangming, xinxue, liangzhi, and moral self-cultivation."],["[11690]","Wang Yangming","https://iep.utm.edu/wangyang/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Philosopher-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for Wang Yangming."],["[11691]","War, Philosophy of","https://iep.utm.edu/war/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Political-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for philosophy of war."],["[11600]","Wei Yuan search","https://iep.utm.edu/?s=Wei+Yuan","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia Search","Philosopher-Context","IEP search","iep.utm.edu","IEP search surface for Wei Yuan."],["[4729]","Willard Van Orman Quine","https://iep.utm.edu/quine/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Philosopher-Profile","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP profile/context row for Quine and analytic philosophy."],["[4661]","William James","https://iep.utm.edu/james-o/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Profile","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP profile for William James."],["[4776]","Xenophanes","https://iep.utm.edu/xenoph/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Philosopher-Profile","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP profile for Xenophanes, fragments, theology, epistemology, and natural explanation."],["[4777]","Xenophon","https://iep.utm.edu/xenophon/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Philosopher-Profile","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP profile for Xenophon, Socratic writings, political thought, Anabasis, Cyropaedia, Hellenica, and practical philosophy."],["[11601]","Xenophon search","https://iep.utm.edu/?s=Xenophon","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia Search","Philosopher-Context","IEP search","iep.utm.edu","IEP search surface for Xenophon."],["[4635]","Xiang, Guo","https://iep.utm.edu/guoxiang/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Philosopher-Profile","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","Dedicated IEP entry for Guo Xiang, Kuo Hsiang, Zixuan, the Zhuangzi commentary, the 33-chapter arrangement, ziran, self-transformation, wuwei, and the Xiang Xiu authorship controversy."],["[4778]","Xuanzang","https://iep.utm.edu/xuanzang/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Context-Profile","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP Xuanzang row used as real context for Kuiji's teacher and Faxiang/YogÄcÄra transmission; not a dedicated Kuiji profile."],["[11693]","Xunzi","https://iep.utm.edu/xunzi","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Lineage-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for Xunzi."],["[11694]","Xunzi","https://iep.utm.edu/xunzi-xun-kuang/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Lineage-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for Xunzi."],["[4779]","Xunzi (Hsün Tzu)","https://iep.utm.edu/xunzi/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Philosopher-Profile","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry for Xunzi, Xun Kuang, human nature, ritual, education, names, Heaven, and stages of learning."],["[4780]","Yoga Sutras of Patanjali","https://iep.utm.edu/yoga/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Reference","Source-Context","iep.utm.edu","Philosophy reference entry on the Yoga Sutras, classical Yoga, and Patanjali"],["[4781]","Zeno's Paradoxes","https://iep.utm.edu/zenos-paradoxes/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Philosopher/Work Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP entry for Zeno's paradoxes, Achilles, Dichotomy, Arrow, Stadium, and interpretations of motion."],["[4782]","Zhang Zai (Chang Tsai, 1020-1077)","https://iep.utm.edu/zhangzai","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Philosopher-Profile","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP profile for Zhang Zai, Chang Tsai, qi metaphysics, Western Inscription, human nature, moral education, and Song Neo-Confucianism."],["[11602]","Zhiyi search","https://iep.utm.edu/?s=Zhiyi","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia Search","Philosopher-Context","IEP search","iep.utm.edu","IEP search surface for Zhiyi."],["[4783]","Zhou Dunyi","https://iep.utm.edu/zhou-dun/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Philosopher-Profile","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP profile for Zhou Dunyi, Daozhou/Hunan context, name variants, Taijitu Shuo, Tongshu, sincerity, and Neo-Confucian significance."],["[11695]","Zhu Xi","https://iep.utm.edu/zhu-xi-chu-hsi-chinese-philosopher/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Encyclopedia","Lineage-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP context for Zhu Xi."],["[4784]","Zhuangzi","https://iep.utm.edu/zhuangzi-chuang-tzu-chinese-philosopher/","IEP","Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy","Philosophy Encyclopedia","Work-Context","IEP entry","iep.utm.edu","IEP Zhuangzi context noting the received text as edited and arranged by Guo Xiang and preserving the philosophical setting of the commentary tradition."]],"Counts":{"Rows":547,"StaticSourceRows":547,"ClientDataRows":0,"Links":1095}}