On Christian Doctrine
{"WorkMasterId":5136,"WpPageId":243874,"ParentWpPageId":189392,"Slug":"on-christian-doctrine","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/augustine-of-hippo/on-christian-doctrine/","RelativeUrl":"theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/augustine-of-hippo/on-christian-doctrine/","HasFullText":true,"RawHtmlLength":82827,"CleanHtmlLength":25486,"Kicker":"Philosophy Work","Title":"On Christian Doctrine","Deck":"Augustine systematizes interpretation, signs, charity, teaching, rhetoric, and scriptural understanding.","BackLink":{"Text":"Back to Augustine of Hippo","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/augustine-of-hippo/"},"AuthorCard":{"Label":"Author","Title":"Augustine of Hippo","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/augustine-of-hippo/","MediaHref":"","ImageSrc":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/augustine-01-botticelli-portrait-1.jpg","ImageAlt":"Augustine of Hippo by Sandro Botticelli","FilterTerra":"Africa (beyond the Nile)","ClickText":"Augustine of Hippo","ClickHref":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/augustine-of-hippo/","Copies":["354 CE – 430 CE","Tagaste, Numidia","North African Latin Christian philosopher and bishop from Tagaste and Hippo whose accounts of memory, time, will, grace, evil, signs, love, political order, and the Trinity reshaped late antique, medieval, Christian, and modern philosophy."]},"ContextCards":[{"Label":"Period","Key":"Period:1","Title":"Ancient History","DateText":"3000 BCE – 499 CE","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/eras-of-thought/philosophers-of-ancient-history/"},{"Label":"Era","Key":"Era:3","Title":"Classical Antiquity","DateText":"500 BCE – 499 CE","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/eras-of-thought/philosophers-of-ancient-history/philosophers-of-classical-antiquity/"},{"Label":"Composition","Title":"426 CE","Url":"","DateText":""}],"DateNote":"Visible chronology proxy for a work composed or revised across multiple years; the displayed year marks the accepted ordering point, not a single-day completion date.","GeoCards":[{"Label":"Region","Key":"Region:1"},{"Label":"Terra Avita","Key":"TerraAvita:5"},{"Label":"Terra Avita Region","Key":"TerraAvitaRegion:19"},{"Label":"Modern Country","Key":"Country:DZA:5"}],"OriginalTitle":"De doctrina Christiana","Language":"Latin","DisciplineCards":[{"Label":"Primary Discipline","Key":"Discipline:philosophy-of-language"},{"Label":"Secondary Discipline","Key":"Discipline:philosophy-of-religion"}],"Tradition":"Latin Christian Platonism, late antique philosophy, theology, exegesis, and controversy","FullText":{"Title":"Full Text","Copy":"Full text from New Advent Fathers: On Christian Doctrine .","Url":"","Label":"","Kicker":"","Cards":[]},"CoreThesis":["Augustine systematizes interpretation, signs, charity, teaching, rhetoric, and scriptural understanding."],"Classification":{"AlternateTitles":"On Christian Teaching","KeyConcepts":"On Christian Doctrine; Augustine; will; 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He shows that to discover the meaning we must attend both to things and to signs, as it is necessary to know what things we ought to teach to the Christian people, and also the signs of these things, that is, where the knowledge of these things is to be sought. In this first book he treats of things, which he divides into three classes,–things to be enjoyed, things to be used, and things which use and enjoy. The only object which ought to be enjoyed is the Triune God, who is our highest good and our true happiness. We are prevented by our sins from enjoying God; and that our sins might be taken away, \"the Word was made Flesh,\" our Lord suffered, and died, and rose again, and ascended into heaven, taking to Himself as his bride the Church, in which we receive remission of our sins. And if our sins are remitted and our souls renewed by grace, we may await with hope the resurrection of the body to eternal glory; if not, we shall be raised to everlasting punishment. these matters relating to faith having been expounded, the author goes on to show that all objects, except God, are for use; for, though some of them may be loved, yet our love is not to rest in them, but to have reference to God. And we ourselves are not objects of enjoyment to God; he uses us, but for our own advantage. He then goes on to show that love–the love of God for His own sake and the love of our neighbor for God\u0027s sake–is the fulfillment and the end of all Scripture. After adding a few words about hope, he shows, in conclusion, that faith, hope, and love are graces essentially necessary for him who would understand and explain aright the Holy Scriptures.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"../fathers/12022.htm\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBOOK II\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/a\u003e Having completed his exposition of things, the author now proceeds to discuss the subject of signs. He first defines what a sign is, and shows that there are two classes of signs, the natural and the conventional. Of conventional signs (which are the only class here noticed), words are the most numerous and important, and are those with which the interpreter of Scripture is chiefly concerned. The difficulties and obscurities of Scripture spring chiefly from two sources, unknown and ambiguous signs. The present book deals only with unknown signs, the ambiguities of language being reserved for treatment in the next book. The difficulty arising from ignorance of signs is to be removed by learning the Greek and Hebrew languages, in which Scripture is written, by comparing the various translations, and by attending to the context. In the interpretation of figurative expressions, knowledge of things is as necessary as knowledge of words; and the various sciences and arts of the heathen, so far as they are true and useful, may be turned to account in removing our ignorance of signs, whether these be direct or figurative. Whilst exposing the folly and futility of many heathen superstitions and practices, the author points out how all that is sound and useful in their science and philosophy may be turned to a Christian use. And in conclusion, he shows the spirit in which it behooves us to address ourselves to the study and interpretation of the sacred books.\n\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"../fathers/12023.htm\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBOOK III\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/a\u003e The author, having discussed in the preceding book the method of dealing with unknown signs, goes on in this third book to treat of ambiguous signs. Such signs may be either direct or figurative. In the case of direct signs ambiguity may arise from the punctuation, the pronunciation, or the doubtful signification of the words, and is to be resolved by attention to the context, a comparison of translations, or a reference to the original tongue. In the case of figurative signs we need to guard against two mistakes:–i. The interpreting literal expressions figuratively; 2. The interpreting figurative expressions literally. The author lays down rules by which we may decide whether an expression is literal or figurative; the general rule being, that whatever can be shown to be in its literal sense inconsistent either with purity of life or correctness of doctrine must be taken figuratively. He then goes on to lay down rules for the interpretation of expressions which have been proved to be figurative; the general principle being, that no interpretation can be true which does not promote the love of God and the love of man. The author then proceeds to expound and illustrate the seven rules of Tichonius the Donatist, which he commends to the attention of the student of Holy Scripture.\n\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"../fathers/12024.htm\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBOOK IV\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/a\u003e Passing to the second part of his work, that which treats of expression, the author premises that it is no part of his intention to write a treatise on the laws of rhetoric. These can be learned elsewhere, and ought not to be neglected, being indeed specially necessary for the Christian teacher, whom it behooves to excel in eloquence and power of speech. After detailing with much care and minuteness the various qualities of an orator, he recommends the authors of the Holy Scriptures as the best models of eloquence, far excelling all others in the combination of eloquence with wisdom. He points out that perspicuity is the most essential quality of style, and ought to be cultivated with special care by the teacher, as it is the main requisite for instruction, although other qualities are required for delighting and persuading the hearer. All these gifts are to be sought in earnest prayer from God, though we are not to forget to be zealous and diligent in study. He shows that there are three species of style, the subdued, the elegant, and the majestic; the first serving for instruction, the second for praise, and the third for exhortation: and of each of these he gives examples, selected both from Scripture and from early teachers of the Church, Cyprian and Ambrose. He shows that these various styles may be mingled, and when and for what purposes they are mingled; and that they all have the same end in view, to bring home the truth to the hearer, so that he may understand it, hear it with gladness, and practise it in his life. Finally, he exhorts the Christian teacher himself, pointing out the dignity and responsibility of the office he hold to lead a life in harmony with his own teaching, and to show a good example to all.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n \u003ch2\u003eAbout this page\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSource.\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cspan\u003eTranslated by James Shaw.\u003c/span\u003e From \u003cspan\u003eNicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, First Series\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan\u003eVol. 2.\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003eEdited by Philip Schaff.\u003c/span\u003e (\u003cspan\u003eBuffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co.,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e1887.\u003c/span\u003e) \u003cspan\u003eRevised and edited for New Advent by Kevin Knight.\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e\u0026lt;https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/1202.htm\u0026gt;.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eContact information.\u003c/strong\u003e The editor of New Advent is Kevin Knight. My email address is feedback732 \u003cem\u003eat\u003c/em\u003e newadvent.org. (To help fight spam, this address might change occasionally.) Regrettably, I can\u0027t reply to every letter, but I greatly appreciate your feedback \u0026mdash; especially notifications about typographical errors and inappropriate ads.\u003c/p\u003e \n\n\n\n\u003ctable summary=\"Bottom bar\" width=\"100%\" cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccenter\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCopyright \u0026#169; 2026 by \u003ca href=\"../utility/contactus.htm\"\u003eNew Advent LLC\u003c/a\u003e. Dedicated to the Immaculate Heart of Mary.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/center\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"../utility/contactus.htm\"\u003eCONTACT US\u003c/a\u003e | \u003ca href=\"https://cleanmedia.net/p/?psid=491-308-20180429T2217479770\"\u003eADVERTISE WITH NEW ADVENT\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cins\u003e\u003c/ins\u003e \u003cins\u003e\u003c/ins\u003e\n \u003c/article\u003e"}],"SectionSequence":["Back Link","Work Title","Deck","Author","Period","Era","Composition","Date Note","Region","Terra Avita","Terra Avita Region","Modern Country","Original Title","Language","Primary Discipline","Secondary Discipline","Tradition","Full Versions","Core Thesis","Classification","Arguments","Influence","Significance","Evidence Note","Full Text"],"Counts":{"ContextCards":3,"GeoCards":4,"DisciplineCards":2,"Links":11,"Sections":25,"Styles":3,"Scripts":1}}