After centuries of Danish, Swedish, German, and Russian rule, Estonia attained independence in 1918. Forcibly incorporated into the USSR in 1940 – an action never recognized by the US and many other countries – it regained its freedom in 1991 with the collapse of the Soviet Union. Since the last Russian troops left in 1994, Estonia has been free to promote economic and political ties with the West. It joined both NATO and the EU in 2004, formally joined the OECD in 2010, and adopted the euro as its official currency in 2011.
Current Country Profile
🇪🇪 Estonia
ContinentEurope
RegionEast European Continental Core
Formation1918
Age108 years
Land Area43,479 sq km
Population
1.4M
GDP
$43.13B
GDP per Capita
$31K
Population
1.4M
GDP
$43.13B
GDP per Capita
$31K
GNI per Capita
$29K
Land Area
43,479 sq km
Current System
Democracy
Benchmark Shelf
Population
1.4M World 8.1B Europe 866.8M
GDP
$43.13B World $109.24T Europe $29.08T
GDP per Capita
$31K World $14K Europe $34K
Life Expectancy
79.3 World 73.4 Europe 79.1
Internet Users
92.2% World 72.6% Europe 91.5%
Urban Population
70.7% World 57.4% Europe 76.1%
Trade Openness
151.0% World 54.7% Europe 86.6%
CO2 per Capita
7.76 World 4.69 Europe 6.80
Trend Wall
Population
2000-2024
1.4M
GDP
2000-2024
$43.13B
GDP per Capita
2000-2024
$31K
Life Expectancy
2000-2024
79.3
Internet Users
2000-2024
92.2%
Exports and Imports
2000-2024
$32.64B
ExportsImports
Fertility Rate
2000-2024
1.18
Urban Population
2000-2024
70.7%
Inflation
2000-2024
3.5%
Unemployment
2001-2025
8.3%
Electricity Access
1999-2023
100.0%
CO2 per Capita
2000-2024
7.76
Current Structure
Demographic Structure
Share of population
Child share 15.6%
Working-age share 63.1%
Elderly share 21.3%
Economic Structure
Share of value added
Agriculture 1.8%
Industry 20.1%
Services 65.7%
Other 12.4%
Land Use
Share of land area
Forest area 57.1%
Agricultural land 23.1%
Other land 19.8%
Electricity Mix
% of total electricity output
Fossil electricity 58.7%
Nuclear electricity 0.0%
Hydroelectricity 0.3%
Other renewables 39.6%
Energy Use Mix
% of total energy use
Fossil fuel energy 67.4%
Alternative and nuclear energy 5.1%
Combustible renewables and waste 27.5%
Milestone Timeline
Formation
1918
Independence
After centuries of Danish, Swedish, German, and Russian rule, Estonia attained independence in 1918.
1991
War milestone
Regime
1937
Constitution adopted
1978
Constitution adopted
1991
Shift to Competitive Democracy
2000
Shift to Democracy
External
1940
Union treaty
Forcibly incorporated into the USSR in 1940 – an action never recognized by the US and many other countries – it regained its freedom in 1991 with the collapse of the Soviet Union.
2004
NATO milestone
It joined both NATO and the EU in 2004, formally joined the OECD in 2010, and adopted the euro as its official currency in 2011.
Historical Footing
Before the modern state
Before 1918
The political traditions that preceded the modern state of Estonia shaped the institutional footing that followed.
State formation
1918
After centuries of Danish, Swedish, German, and Russian rule, Estonia attained independence in 1918.
Current footing
1918 to present
Today Estonia sits in East European Continental Core, with a current system of Democracy.
Annual Explorer
Health
Infant Mortality
1.5
2024
-1.1 / 10y
W 19.0
C 4.4
Under-5 Mortality
2.0
2024
-1.4 / 10y
W 24.7
C 5.2
Maternal Mortality
5.0
2023
-1.0 / 10y
W 111.8
C 8.0
Physicians
3.47
2022
+0.19 / 10y
W 2.30
C 3.98
Hospital Beds
4.13
2023
-0.77 / 10y
W 4.14
C 5.49
Measles Immunization
83.0%
2024
-10.0 pts / 10y
W 88.9%
C 93.4%
Education
Secondary Enrollment
108.5%
2024
+0.9 pts / 10y
W 83.4%
C 103.8%
Tertiary Enrollment
65.7%
2024
-10.5 pts / 10y
W 51.1%
C 72.9%
Researchers
4,800.4
2023
+1,462.0 / 10y
W 2,253.0
C 3,863.9
Adult Literacy
99.9%
2011
+0.1 pts / 10y
W 76.0%
C 97.0%
Environment
CO2 Emissions
10,649
2024
-12,103 / 10y
W 37,916,447
C 5,832,517
Demography
Population Growth
0.1%
2024
+0.4 pts / 10y
W 1.0%
C 0.3%
Density
31.6
2024
+1.3 / 10y
W n/a
C n/a
Median Age
41.9
2023
+1.7 / 10y
W 30.8
C 40.9
Net Migration
-13,350
2025
-17,611 / 10y
W n/a
C n/a
Connectivity
Mobile Subscriptions
151.1
2024
+6.8 / 10y
W 110.2
C 135.9
Fixed Broadband
35.4
2024
+7.1 / 10y
W 19.9
C 34.3
Secure Servers
139,022.3
2024
+136,827.6 / 10y
W 16,260.9
C 52,740.7
Economy
GDP Growth
-0.1%
2024
-3.4 pts / 10y
W n/a
C n/a
Labor Force Participation
65.1%
2025
+3.3 pts / 10y
W n/a
C n/a
Deep Data
Demography
Demography summary
| Metric | Latest | Latest Year | Start | Peak | Low | 10y | 25y | World | Continent | Source | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Child Share | 15.6% | 2024 | 23.1%1960 | 23.3%1962 | 14.9%2007 | -0.2 pts / 10y | -2.7 pts / 25y25y | 24.8% | 16.3% | WorldBankWdi | |
| Fertility Rate | 1.18 | 2024 | 2.271950 | 2.271951 | 1.182024 | -0.36 / 10y | -0.12 / 25y25y | 2.17 | 1.42 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Elderly Share | 21.3% | 2024 | 10.7%1960 | 21.3%2024 | 10.7%1960 | +2.7 pts / 10y | +6.5 pts / 25y25y | 10.2% | 19.0% | WorldBankWdi | |
| Net Migration | -13,350 | 2025 | 7,9281950 | 39,7542022 | -38,3911992 | -17,611 / 10y | -10,267 / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| Working-Age Share | 63.1% | 2024 | 66.2%1960 | 68.1%2005 | 63.1%2024 | -2.5 pts / 10y | -3.8 pts / 25y25y | 65.1% | 64.6% | WorldBankWdi | |
| Population Growth | 0.1% | 2024 | 1.3%1950 | 1.6%2023 | -2.6%1993 | +0.4 pts / 10y | -0.1 pts / 25y25y | 1.0% | 0.3% | WorldBankWdi | |
| Population | 1.4M | 2024 | 1.1M1918 | 1.6M1990 | 1.1M1918 | +57.8K / 10y | -17.9K / 25y25y | 8.1B | 866.8M | WorldBankWdi | |
| Density | 31.6 | 2024 | 25.01918 | 36.11990 | 25.01918 | +1.3 / 10y | -0.7 / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | Derived | |
| Median Age | 41.9 | 2023 | 29.01950 | 41.92023 | 28.71952 | +1.7 / 10y | +5.6 / 25y25y | 30.8 | 40.9 | UNWorldPopulationProspects | |
| Urban Population | 70.7% | 2024 | 57.6%1960 | 71.4%1989 | 57.6%1960 | +2.4 pts / 10y | +3.3 pts / 25y25y | 57.4% | 76.1% | WorldBankWdi |
Demography year by year
| Year | Child Share | Fertility Rate | Elderly Share | Net Migration | Working-Age Share | Population Growth | Population | Density | Median Age | Urban Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1918 | 1.1M | 25.0 | ||||||||
| 1919 | 1.1M | 25.2 | ||||||||
| 1920 | 1.1M | 25.4 | ||||||||
| 1921 | 1.1M | 25.6 | ||||||||
| 1922 | 1.1M | 25.6 | ||||||||
| 1923 | 1.1M | 25.7 | ||||||||
| 1924 | 1.1M | 25.7 | ||||||||
| 1925 | 1.1M | 25.7 | ||||||||
| 1926 | 1.1M | 25.7 | ||||||||
| 1927 | 1.1M | 25.7 | ||||||||
| 1928 | 1.1M | 25.8 | ||||||||
| 1929 | 1.1M | 25.8 | ||||||||
| 1930 | 1.1M | 25.8 | ||||||||
| 1931 | 1.1M | 25.8 | ||||||||
| 1932 | 1.1M | 25.8 | ||||||||
| 1933 | 1.1M | 25.8 | ||||||||
| 1934 | 1.1M | 25.8 | ||||||||
| 1935 | 1.1M | 25.8 | ||||||||
| 1936 | 1.1M | 25.8 | ||||||||
| 1937 | 1.1M | 25.8 | ||||||||
| 1938 | 1.1M | 25.8 | ||||||||
| 1939 | 1.1M | 25.8 | ||||||||
| 1940 | 1.1M | 25.7 | ||||||||
| 1941 | 1.1M | 25.7 | ||||||||
| 1942 | 1.1M | 25.6 | ||||||||
| 1943 | 1.1M | 25.6 | ||||||||
| 1944 | 1.1M | 25.5 | ||||||||
| 1945 | 1.1M | 25.5 | ||||||||
| 1946 | 1.1M | 25.4 | ||||||||
| 1947 | 1.1M | 25.3 | ||||||||
| 1948 | 1.1M | 25.3 | ||||||||
| 1949 | 1.1M | 25.3 | ||||||||
| 1950 | 2.27 | 7,928 | 1.3% | 1.1M | 25.4 | 29.0 | ||||
| 1951 | 2.27 | 6,821 | 1.2% | 1.1M | 25.7 | 28.8 | ||||
| 1952 | 2.26 | 5,917 | 1.2% | 1.1M | 26.0 | 28.7 | ||||
| 1953 | 2.13 | 5,230 | 1.1% | 1.1M | 26.3 | 28.7 | ||||
| 1954 | 2.16 | 4,716 | 1.1% | 1.2M | 26.6 | 28.8 | ||||
| 1955 | 2.11 | 4,362 | 1.0% | 1.2M | 26.8 | 28.9 | ||||
| 1956 | 1.97 | 4,145 | 0.9% | 1.2M | 27.1 | 29.1 | ||||
| 1957 | 1.92 | 4,043 | 0.9% | 1.2M | 27.4 | 29.3 | ||||
| 1958 | 1.92 | 6,241 | 1.1% | 1.2M | 27.6 | 30.1 | ||||
| 1959 | 1.95 | -23 | 0.5% | 1.2M | 27.8 | 30.9 | ||||
| 1960 | 23.1% | 1.98 | 10.7% | 7,762 | 66.2% | 1.2% | 1.2M | 28.1 | 31.1 | 57.6% |
| 1961 | 23.3% | 1.98 | 10.8% | 7,991 | 65.9% | 1.1% | 1.2M | 28.4 | 31.3 | 58.8% |
| 1962 | 23.3% | 1.95 | 10.8% | 8,248 | 65.9% | 1.3% | 1.2M | 28.7 | 31.5 | 60.1% |
| 1963 | 23.2% | 1.89 | 10.8% | 8,410 | 66.0% | 1.4% | 1.3M | 29.1 | 31.7 | 61.0% |
| 1964 | 23.0% | 1.94 | 10.9% | 8,734 | 66.0% | 1.4% | 1.3M | 29.4 | 31.9 | 61.7% |
| 1965 | 22.8% | 1.88 | 11.1% | 8,851 | 66.1% | 1.4% | 1.3M | 29.7 | 32.1 | 62.5% |
| 1966 | 22.6% | 1.87 | 11.2% | 8,998 | 66.2% | 1.1% | 1.3M | 30.1 | 32.3 | 63.1% |
| 1967 | 22.3% | 1.90 | 11.4% | 9,115 | 66.3% | 0.8% | 1.3M | 30.4 | 32.4 | 63.6% |
| 1968 | 22.2% | 2.03 | 11.5% | 9,403 | 66.3% | 0.9% | 1.3M | 30.7 | 32.5 | 64.2% |
| 1969 | 22.1% | 2.13 | 11.7% | 8,650 | 66.2% | 1.0% | 1.3M | 31.0 | 32.6 | 64.6% |
| 1970 | 22.1% | 2.17 | 11.8% | 6,158 | 66.2% | 1.1% | 1.4M | 31.3 | 32.7 | 65.2% |
| 1971 | 22.0% | 2.19 | 11.9% | 6,392 | 66.1% | 1.2% | 1.4M | 31.6 | 32.8 | 65.5% |
| 1972 | 22.0% | 2.13 | 12.0% | 6,432 | 66.0% | 1.1% | 1.4M | 31.9 | 33.0 | 66.1% |
| 1973 | 21.9% | 2.06 | 12.1% | 6,488 | 65.9% | 1.0% | 1.4M | 32.2 | 33.1 | 66.7% |
| 1974 | 21.8% | 2.07 | 12.2% | 6,594 | 66.0% | 0.9% | 1.4M | 32.5 | 33.2 | 67.2% |
| 1975 | 21.6% | 2.04 | 12.3% | 6,737 | 66.0% | 0.8% | 1.4M | 32.8 | 33.4 | 67.7% |
| 1976 | 21.6% | 2.07 | 12.4% | 6,942 | 66.0% | 0.7% | 1.4M | 33.0 | 33.4 | 68.2% |
| 1977 | 21.5% | 2.06 | 12.5% | 7,189 | 66.0% | 0.7% | 1.5M | 33.3 | 33.3 | 68.7% |
| 1978 | 21.5% | 2.02 | 12.5% | 7,234 | 66.0% | 0.7% | 1.5M | 33.5 | 33.0 | 69.2% |
| 1979 | 21.6% | 2.00 | 12.5% | 4,521 | 65.9% | 0.6% | 1.5M | 33.8 | 32.8 | 69.6% |
| 1980 | 21.7% | 2.02 | 12.5% | 4,619 | 65.9% | 0.6% | 1.5M | 34.0 | 32.7 | 70.0% |
| 1981 | 21.8% | 2.07 | 12.3% | 4,789 | 65.9% | 0.7% | 1.5M | 34.2 | 32.7 | 70.3% |
| 1982 | 21.9% | 2.07 | 12.0% | 4,832 | 66.1% | 0.7% | 1.5M | 34.4 | 32.8 | 70.6% |
| 1983 | 22.0% | 2.16 | 11.8% | 4,986 | 66.2% | 0.7% | 1.5M | 34.6 | 32.9 | 70.8% |
| 1984 | 22.1% | 2.17 | 11.6% | 5,006 | 66.3% | 0.7% | 1.5M | 34.9 | 32.9 | 71.0% |
| 1985 | 22.1% | 2.13 | 11.4% | 5,097 | 66.5% | 0.7% | 1.5M | 35.1 | 32.9 | 71.1% |
| 1986 | 22.1% | 2.18 | 11.3% | 5,260 | 66.5% | 0.7% | 1.5M | 35.3 | 33.0 | 71.2% |
| 1987 | 22.2% | 2.27 | 11.3% | 5,389 | 66.5% | 0.8% | 1.6M | 35.6 | 33.0 | 71.3% |
| 1988 | 22.2% | 2.27 | 11.4% | 5,256 | 66.4% | 0.6% | 1.6M | 35.9 | 33.0 | 71.4% |
| 1989 | 22.3% | 2.22 | 11.5% | -368 | 66.2% | 0.4% | 1.6M | 36.1 | 33.2 | 71.4% |
| 1990 | 22.3% | 2.05 | 11.6% | -2,660 | 66.1% | 0.1% | 1.6M | 36.1 | 33.3 | 71.3% |
| 1991 | 22.1% | 1.80 | 11.8% | -9,712 | 66.1% | -0.5% | 1.6M | 36.0 | 33.6 | 71.0% |
| 1992 | 21.8% | 1.71 | 12.2% | -38,391 | 66.0% | -1.8% | 1.5M | 35.4 | 34.0 | 70.5% |
| 1993 | 21.4% | 1.49 | 12.7% | -25,501 | 65.9% | -2.6% | 1.5M | 34.6 | 34.5 | 70.0% |
| 1994 | 21.1% | 1.42 | 13.1% | -17,984 | 65.8% | -2.1% | 1.5M | 34.0 | 35.0 | 69.5% |
| 1995 | 20.7% | 1.38 | 13.5% | -12,655 | 65.8% | -1.8% | 1.4M | 33.4 | 35.3 | 69.0% |
| 1996 | 20.3% | 1.37 | 13.9% | -10,540 | 65.8% | -1.5% | 1.4M | 33.0 | 35.7 | 68.4% |
| 1997 | 19.8% | 1.32 | 14.3% | -4,066 | 65.9% | -1.1% | 1.4M | 32.7 | 36.0 | 68.0% |
| 1998 | 19.2% | 1.28 | 14.6% | -3,296 | 66.2% | -1.0% | 1.4M | 32.5 | 36.3 | 67.7% |
| 1999 | 18.4% | 1.30 | 14.8% | 1,419 | 66.8% | 0.3% | 1.4M | 32.3 | 36.7 | 67.4% |
| 2000 | 17.6% | 1.36 | 15.0% | -3,083 | 67.4% | 0.5% | 1.4M | 32.1 | 37.1 | 67.4% |
| 2001 | 17.2% | 1.32 | 15.3% | -3,280 | 67.6% | -0.6% | 1.4M | 31.9 | 37.3 | 67.4% |
| 2002 | 16.6% | 1.36 | 15.6% | -2,889 | 67.7% | -0.6% | 1.4M | 31.7 | 37.6 | 67.4% |
| 2003 | 16.1% | 1.37 | 16.0% | -3,705 | 67.9% | -0.6% | 1.4M | 31.5 | 37.9 | 67.4% |
| 2004 | 15.6% | 1.47 | 16.4% | -3,681 | 68.0% | -0.6% | 1.4M | 31.4 | 38.1 | 67.5% |
| 2005 | 15.2% | 1.52 | 16.7% | -5,208 | 68.1% | -0.6% | 1.4M | 31.2 | 38.3 | 67.5% |
| 2006 | 15.0% | 1.58 | 17.1% | -5,351 | 68.0% | -0.6% | 1.3M | 31.0 | 38.5 | 67.6% |
| 2007 | 14.9% | 1.69 | 17.4% | -2,941 | 67.8% | -0.5% | 1.3M | 30.8 | 38.7 | 67.6% |
| 2008 | 14.9% | 1.72 | 17.4% | -2,034 | 67.7% | -0.3% | 1.3M | 30.8 | 38.8 | 67.7% |
| 2009 | 15.0% | 1.70 | 17.4% | -2,089 | 67.5% | -0.2% | 1.3M | 30.7 | 39.0 | 67.7% |
| 2010 | 15.2% | 1.72 | 17.4% | -3,781 | 67.3% | -0.2% | 1.3M | 30.6 | 39.3 | 67.8% |
| 2011 | 15.4% | 1.61 | 17.6% | -3,941 | 67.0% | -0.3% | 1.3M | 30.5 | 39.5 | 67.9% |
| 2012 | 15.6% | 1.56 | 17.9% | -3,674 | 66.5% | -0.4% | 1.3M | 30.4 | 39.8 | 68.0% |
| 2013 | 15.7% | 1.52 | 18.2% | -2,688 | 66.1% | -0.4% | 1.3M | 30.3 | 40.1 | 68.1% |
| 2014 | 15.9% | 1.54 | 18.6% | -674 | 65.6% | -0.3% | 1.3M | 30.2 | 40.4 | 68.3% |
| 2015 | 16.0% | 1.58 | 18.9% | 4,261 | 65.1% | 0.1% | 1.3M | 30.2 | 40.6 | 68.5% |
| 2016 | 16.2% | 1.60 | 19.2% | 1,081 | 64.7% | 0.0% | 1.3M | 30.3 | 40.7 | 68.7% |
| 2017 | 16.3% | 1.59 | 19.5% | 5,202 | 64.3% | 0.1% | 1.3M | 30.3 | 40.9 | 69.0% |
| 2018 | 16.4% | 1.67 | 19.7% | 7,089 | 64.0% | 0.3% | 1.3M | 30.4 | 41.0 | 69.3% |
| 2019 | 16.4% | 1.66 | 19.9% | 5,386 | 63.7% | 0.4% | 1.3M | 30.5 | 41.2 | 69.6% |
| 2020 | 16.4% | 1.58 | 20.2% | 3,694 | 63.4% | 0.2% | 1.3M | 30.6 | 41.4 | 69.9% |
| 2021 | 16.4% | 1.61 | 20.4% | 7,043 | 63.2% | 0.1% | 1.3M | 30.6 | 41.5 | 70.2% |
| 2022 | 16.2% | 1.41 | 20.6% | 39,754 | 63.1% | 1.3% | 1.3M | 31.1 | 41.6 | 70.5% |
| 2023 | 16.0% | 1.31 | 20.9% | 5,717 | 63.1% | 1.6% | 1.4M | 31.5 | 41.9 | 70.7% |
| 2024 | 15.6% | 1.18 | 21.3% | -7,742 | 63.1% | 0.1% | 1.4M | 31.6 | 70.7% | |
| 2025 | -13,350 |
Economy
Economy summary
| Metric | Latest | Latest Year | Start | Peak | Low | 10y | 25y | World | Continent | Source | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labor Force Participation | 65.1% | 2025 | 68.0%1990 | 68.0%1990 | 57.0%2002 | +3.3 pts / 10y | +6.2 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| Unemployment | 8.3% | 2025 | 1.5%1991 | 16.7%2010 | 1.5%1991 | +1.9 pts / 10y | -5.0 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| Industry Value Added | 20.1% | 2024 | 27.4%1995 | 27.4%1995 | 20.1%2024 | -4.0 pts / 10y | -3.7 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| Agriculture Value Added | 1.8% | 2024 | 4.1%1995 | 5.1%1998 | 1.7%2023 | -1.3 pts / 10y | -1.9 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| Services Value Added | 65.7% | 2024 | 57.0%1995 | 65.7%2024 | 57.0%1995 | +5.8 pts / 10y | +3.2 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| GDP Growth | -0.1% | 2024 | -8.0%1991 | 13.1%1997 | -21.2%1992 | -3.4 pts / 10y | +0.3 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| GDP | $43.13B | 2024 | $4.01B1993 | $43.13B2024 | $4.01B1993 | +$16.07B / 10y | +$37.37B / 25y25y | $109.24T | $29.08T | WorldBankWdi | |
| GDP per Capita | $31K | 2024 | $3K1993 | $31K2024 | $3K1993 | +$11K / 10y | +$27K / 25y25y | $14K | $34K | WorldBankWdi | |
| Inflation | 3.5% | 2024 | 89.8%1993 | 89.8%1993 | -0.5%2015 | +3.6 pts / 10y | +0.2 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| GNI per Capita | $29K | 2024 | $3K1995 | $29K2024 | $3K1995 | +$10K / 10y | +$25K / 25y25y | $14K | $32K | WorldBankWdi |
Economy year by year
| Year | Labor Force Participation | Unemployment | Industry Value Added | Agriculture Value Added | Services Value Added | GDP Growth | GDP | GDP per Capita | Inflation | GNI per Capita |
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| 1986 | ||||||||||
| 1987 | ||||||||||
| 1988 | ||||||||||
| 1989 | ||||||||||
| 1990 | 68.0% | |||||||||
| 1991 | 66.8% | 1.5% | -8.0% | |||||||
| 1992 | 64.7% | 3.7% | -21.2% | |||||||
| 1993 | 63.2% | 6.5% | -5.7% | $4.01B | $3K | 89.8% | ||||
| 1994 | 63.1% | 7.6% | -1.6% | $4.12B | $3K | 47.7% | ||||
| 1995 | 61.8% | 9.7% | 27.4% | 4.1% | 57.0% | 4.5% | $4.50B | $3K | 28.8% | $3K |
| 1996 | 61.2% | 9.9% | 26.6% | 4.1% | 57.3% | 4.9% | $4.79B | $3K | 23.1% | $3K |
| 1997 | 61.5% | 10.4% | 26.1% | 4.1% | 57.5% | 13.1% | $5.15B | $4K | 10.6% | $4K |
| 1998 | 60.2% | 9.5% | 25.2% | 5.1% | 58.8% | 4.3% | $5.67B | $4K | 8.2% | $4K |
| 1999 | 59.0% | 11.6% | 23.8% | 3.6% | 62.5% | -0.4% | $5.76B | $4K | 3.3% | $4K |
| 2000 | 58.9% | 13.4% | 24.9% | 3.9% | 60.6% | 10.1% | $5.69B | $4K | 4.0% | $4K |
| 2001 | 58.0% | 13.1% | 25.4% | 3.5% | 60.4% | 5.9% | $6.25B | $5K | 5.7% | $4K |
| 2002 | 57.0% | 10.0% | 25.5% | 3.6% | 60.0% | 6.9% | $7.37B | $5K | 3.6% | $5K |
| 2003 | 58.8% | 11.3% | 26.1% | 3.5% | 59.7% | 7.6% | $9.88B | $7K | 1.3% | $6K |
| 2004 | 58.9% | 10.2% | 25.4% | 3.6% | 59.6% | 6.8% | $12.15B | $9K | 3.0% | $8K |
| 2005 | 58.6% | 8.0% | 26.3% | 3.3% | 59.1% | 9.5% | $14.11B | $10K | 4.1% | $10K |
| 2006 | 60.5% | 5.9% | 26.9% | 3.1% | 57.9% | 9.8% | $17.03B | $13K | 4.4% | $12K |
| 2007 | 60.5% | 4.6% | 26.8% | 3.9% | 57.1% | 7.6% | $22.45B | $17K | 6.6% | $13K |
| 2008 | 61.2% | 5.5% | 26.1% | 3.4% | 59.6% | -5.1% | $24.34B | $18K | 10.4% | $15K |
| 2009 | 60.8% | 13.5% | 23.3% | 2.5% | 60.9% | -14.6% | $19.63B | $15K | -0.1% | $15K |
| 2010 | 60.5% | 16.7% | 24.0% | 3.2% | 59.9% | 2.4% | $19.52B | $15K | 3.0% | $15K |
| 2011 | 61.3% | 12.3% | 25.3% | 3.7% | 58.5% | 7.6% | $23.30B | $18K | 5.0% | $16K |
| 2012 | 61.3% | 10.0% | 24.6% | 3.3% | 59.2% | 3.7% | $23.24B | $18K | 3.9% | $17K |
| 2013 | 61.3% | 8.6% | 24.7% | 3.0% | 59.7% | 1.8% | $25.45B | $19K | 2.8% | $18K |
| 2014 | 61.1% | 7.4% | 24.1% | 3.1% | 59.9% | 3.3% | $27.06B | $21K | -0.1% | $19K |
| 2015 | 61.8% | 6.4% | 23.1% | 2.8% | 60.7% | 1.8% | $23.31B | $18K | -0.5% | $19K |
| 2016 | 62.6% | 6.9% | 23.2% | 2.1% | 60.8% | 3.1% | $24.56B | $19K | 0.1% | $19K |
| 2017 | 63.2% | 5.8% | 23.2% | 2.3% | 61.2% | 5.6% | $27.47B | $21K | 3.4% | $19K |
| 2018 | 63.5% | 5.4% | 23.3% | 2.0% | 61.6% | 3.7% | $31.22B | $24K | 3.4% | $22K |
| 2019 | 63.2% | 4.5% | 22.3% | 2.3% | 62.3% | 3.7% | $31.87B | $24K | 2.3% | $23K |
| 2020 | 63.0% | 7.0% | 21.8% | 1.9% | 64.0% | -2.9% | $31.82B | $24K | -0.4% | $24K |
| 2021 | 63.2% | 6.2% | 22.8% | 1.9% | 62.7% | 8.3% | $37.20B | $28K | 4.7% | $26K |
| 2022 | 65.1% | 5.6% | 23.1% | 2.4% | 62.7% | -1.2% | $38.23B | $28K | 19.4% | $28K |
| 2023 | 65.6% | 6.4% | 21.3% | 1.7% | 65.1% | -2.7% | $41.47B | $30K | 9.2% | $28K |
| 2024 | 65.4% | 7.6% | 20.1% | 1.8% | 65.7% | -0.1% | $43.13B | $31K | 3.5% | $29K |
| 2025 | 65.1% | 8.3% |
Trade
Trade summary
| Metric | Latest | Latest Year | Start | Peak | Low | 10y | 25y | World | Continent | Source | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trade Openness | 151.0% | 2024 | 132.1%1993 | 175.7%2022 | 116.8%2009 | -6.9 pts / 10y | +6.9 pts / 25y25y | 54.7% | 86.6% | Derived | |
| Imports | $32.51B | 2024 | $2.73B1993 | $33.74B2022 | $2.73B1993 | +$11.58B / 10y | +$28.23B / 25y25y | $29.11T | $12.07T | WorldBankWdi | |
| Exports | $32.64B | 2024 | $2.57B1993 | $33.42B2022 | $2.57B1993 | +$10.83B / 10y | +$28.61B / 25y25y | $29.85T | $13.10T | WorldBankWdi |
Trade year by year
| Year | Trade Openness | Imports | Exports |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1918 | |||
| 1919 | |||
| 1920 | |||
| 1921 | |||
| 1922 | |||
| 1923 | |||
| 1924 | |||
| 1925 | |||
| 1926 | |||
| 1927 | |||
| 1928 | |||
| 1929 | |||
| 1930 | |||
| 1931 | |||
| 1932 | |||
| 1933 | |||
| 1934 | |||
| 1935 | |||
| 1936 | |||
| 1937 | |||
| 1938 | |||
| 1939 | |||
| 1940 | |||
| 1941 | |||
| 1942 | |||
| 1943 | |||
| 1944 | |||
| 1945 | |||
| 1946 | |||
| 1947 | |||
| 1948 | |||
| 1949 | |||
| 1950 | |||
| 1951 | |||
| 1952 | |||
| 1953 | |||
| 1954 | |||
| 1955 | |||
| 1956 | |||
| 1957 | |||
| 1958 | |||
| 1959 | |||
| 1960 | |||
| 1961 | |||
| 1962 | |||
| 1963 | |||
| 1964 | |||
| 1965 | |||
| 1966 | |||
| 1967 | |||
| 1968 | |||
| 1969 | |||
| 1970 | |||
| 1971 | |||
| 1972 | |||
| 1973 | |||
| 1974 | |||
| 1975 | |||
| 1976 | |||
| 1977 | |||
| 1978 | |||
| 1979 | |||
| 1980 | |||
| 1981 | |||
| 1982 | |||
| 1983 | |||
| 1984 | |||
| 1985 | |||
| 1986 | |||
| 1987 | |||
| 1988 | |||
| 1989 | |||
| 1990 | |||
| 1991 | |||
| 1992 | |||
| 1993 | 132.1% | $2.73B | $2.57B |
| 1994 | 148.1% | $3.26B | $2.85B |
| 1995 | 139.1% | $3.30B | $2.97B |
| 1996 | 133.0% | $3.43B | $2.93B |
| 1997 | 151.1% | $4.16B | $3.63B |
| 1998 | 156.8% | $4.72B | $4.18B |
| 1999 | 144.1% | $4.27B | $4.02B |
| 2000 | 126.5% | $3.69B | $3.50B |
| 2001 | 126.5% | $4.08B | $3.83B |
| 2002 | 123.3% | $4.82B | $4.27B |
| 2003 | 122.7% | $6.48B | $5.64B |
| 2004 | 129.9% | $8.37B | $7.42B |
| 2005 | 135.9% | $9.95B | $9.23B |
| 2006 | 136.6% | $12.49B | $10.77B |
| 2007 | 134.0% | $16.03B | $14.05B |
| 2008 | 136.7% | $17.11B | $16.16B |
| 2009 | 116.8% | $10.97B | $11.95B |
| 2010 | 143.7% | $13.40B | $14.65B |
| 2011 | 166.7% | $18.75B | $20.10B |
| 2012 | 169.2% | $19.46B | $19.84B |
| 2013 | 164.6% | $20.65B | $21.24B |
| 2014 | 158.0% | $20.93B | $21.80B |
| 2015 | 148.5% | $16.89B | $17.73B |
| 2016 | 147.7% | $17.75B | $18.54B |
| 2017 | 144.6% | $19.32B | $20.41B |
| 2018 | 143.5% | $22.04B | $22.76B |
| 2019 | 140.4% | $21.78B | $22.96B |
| 2020 | 137.4% | $22.03B | $21.69B |
| 2021 | 160.5% | $30.08B | $29.62B |
| 2022 | 175.7% | $33.74B | $33.42B |
| 2023 | 154.6% | $31.86B | $32.25B |
| 2024 | 151.0% | $32.51B | $32.64B |
Connectivity
Connectivity summary
| Metric | Latest | Latest Year | Start | Peak | Low | 10y | 25y | World | Continent | Source | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fixed Broadband | 35.4 | 2024 | 1.32001 | 39.72022 | 1.32001 | +7.1 / 10y | +34.1 / 23y23y | 19.9 | 34.3 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Secure Servers | 139,022.3 | 2024 | 535.52010 | 139,022.32024 | 535.52010 | +136,827.6 / 10y | +138,486.8 / 14y14y | 16,260.9 | 52,740.7 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Mobile Subscriptions | 151.1 | 2024 | 0.01960 | 152.32022 | 0.01960 | +6.8 / 10y | +123.6 / 25y25y | 110.2 | 135.9 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Internet Users | 92.2% | 2024 | 0.0%1990 | 93.2%2023 | 0.0%1990 | +8.0 pts / 10y | +77.7 pts / 25y25y | 72.6% | 91.5% | WorldBankWdi | |
| Electricity Access | 100.0% | 2023 | 100.0%1990 | 100.0%2023 | 100.0%1990 | 0.0 pts / 10y | 0.0 pts / 25y25y | 91.6% | 100.0% | WorldBankWdi |
Connectivity year by year
| Year | Fixed Broadband | Secure Servers | Mobile Subscriptions | Internet Users | Electricity Access |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1918 | |||||
| 1919 | |||||
| 1920 | |||||
| 1921 | |||||
| 1922 | |||||
| 1923 | |||||
| 1924 | |||||
| 1925 | |||||
| 1926 | |||||
| 1927 | |||||
| 1928 | |||||
| 1929 | |||||
| 1930 | |||||
| 1931 | |||||
| 1932 | |||||
| 1933 | |||||
| 1934 | |||||
| 1935 | |||||
| 1936 | |||||
| 1937 | |||||
| 1938 | |||||
| 1939 | |||||
| 1940 | |||||
| 1941 | |||||
| 1942 | |||||
| 1943 | |||||
| 1944 | |||||
| 1945 | |||||
| 1946 | |||||
| 1947 | |||||
| 1948 | |||||
| 1949 | |||||
| 1950 | |||||
| 1951 | |||||
| 1952 | |||||
| 1953 | |||||
| 1954 | |||||
| 1955 | |||||
| 1956 | |||||
| 1957 | |||||
| 1958 | |||||
| 1959 | |||||
| 1960 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1961 | |||||
| 1962 | |||||
| 1963 | |||||
| 1964 | |||||
| 1965 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1966 | |||||
| 1967 | |||||
| 1968 | |||||
| 1969 | |||||
| 1970 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1971 | |||||
| 1972 | |||||
| 1973 | |||||
| 1974 | |||||
| 1975 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1976 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1977 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1978 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1979 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1980 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1981 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1982 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1983 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1984 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1985 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1986 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1987 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1988 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1989 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1990 | 0.0 | 0.0% | 100.0% | ||
| 1991 | 0.0 | 100.0% | |||
| 1992 | 0.2 | 0.1% | 100.0% | ||
| 1993 | 0.5 | 0.3% | 100.0% | ||
| 1994 | 0.9 | 1.2% | 100.0% | ||
| 1995 | 2.1 | 2.8% | 100.0% | ||
| 1996 | 4.8 | 3.5% | 100.0% | ||
| 1997 | 10.1 | 5.7% | 100.0% | ||
| 1998 | 17.5 | 10.8% | 100.0% | ||
| 1999 | 27.6 | 14.5% | 100.0% | ||
| 2000 | 39.9 | 28.6% | 100.0% | ||
| 2001 | 1.3 | 46.9 | 31.5% | 100.0% | |
| 2002 | 3.4 | 63.9 | 41.5% | 100.0% | |
| 2003 | 6.6 | 76.6 | 45.3% | 100.0% | |
| 2004 | 10.2 | 92.2 | 53.2% | 100.0% | |
| 2005 | 13.2 | 106.7 | 61.5% | 100.0% | |
| 2006 | 18.3 | 123.2 | 63.5% | 100.0% | |
| 2007 | 19.8 | 125.4 | 66.2% | 100.0% | |
| 2008 | 22.0 | 121.5 | 70.6% | 100.0% | |
| 2009 | 23.5 | 117.7 | 72.5% | 100.0% | |
| 2010 | 26.1 | 535.5 | 124.1 | 74.1% | 100.0% |
| 2011 | 26.3 | 730.7 | 136.1 | 76.5% | 100.0% |
| 2012 | 26.4 | 1,255.8 | 151.2 | 78.4% | 100.0% |
| 2013 | 27.4 | 1,613.8 | 146.2 | 80.0% | 100.0% |
| 2014 | 28.2 | 2,194.7 | 144.4 | 84.2% | 100.0% |
| 2015 | 29.7 | 3,120.7 | 144.8 | 88.4% | 100.0% |
| 2016 | 31.5 | 10,786.7 | 144.2 | 87.2% | 100.0% |
| 2017 | 32.5 | 29,131.2 | 144.6 | 88.1% | 100.0% |
| 2018 | 33.4 | 48,893.4 | 145.5 | 89.4% | 100.0% |
| 2019 | 33.9 | 83,313.1 | 147.0 | 90.2% | 100.0% |
| 2020 | 34.3 | 84,354.4 | 144.8 | 89.1% | 100.0% |
| 2021 | 37.4 | 96,297.9 | 148.7 | 91.0% | 100.0% |
| 2022 | 39.7 | 104,101.3 | 152.3 | 91.5% | 100.0% |
| 2023 | 35.3 | 112,224.0 | 150.2 | 93.2% | 100.0% |
| 2024 | 35.4 | 139,022.3 | 151.1 | 92.2% |
Education
Education summary
| Metric | Latest | Latest Year | Start | Peak | Low | 10y | 25y | World | Continent | Source | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adult Literacy | 99.9% | 2011 | 99.7%1989 | 99.9%2011 | 99.7%1989 | +0.1 pts / 10y | +0.2 pts / 22y22y | 76.0% | 97.0% | WorldBankWdi | |
| Researchers | 4,800.4 | 2023 | 2,102.41998 | 4,800.42023 | 1,902.62000 | +1,462.0 / 10y | +2,698.1 / 25y25y | 2,253.0 | 3,863.9 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Secondary Enrollment | 108.5% | 2024 | 96.2%2001 | 113.2%2017 | 96.2%2001 | +0.9 pts / 10y | +12.3 pts / 23y23y | 83.4% | 103.8% | WorldBankWdi | |
| Tertiary Enrollment | 65.7% | 2024 | 58.7%2001 | 76.2%2014 | 58.7%2001 | -10.5 pts / 10y | +7.0 pts / 23y23y | 51.1% | 72.9% | WorldBankWdi |
Education year by year
| Year | Adult Literacy | Researchers | Secondary Enrollment | Tertiary Enrollment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1918 | ||||
| 1919 | ||||
| 1920 | ||||
| 1921 | ||||
| 1922 | ||||
| 1923 | ||||
| 1924 | ||||
| 1925 | ||||
| 1926 | ||||
| 1927 | ||||
| 1928 | ||||
| 1929 | ||||
| 1930 | ||||
| 1931 | ||||
| 1932 | ||||
| 1933 | ||||
| 1934 | ||||
| 1935 | ||||
| 1936 | ||||
| 1937 | ||||
| 1938 | ||||
| 1939 | ||||
| 1940 | ||||
| 1941 | ||||
| 1942 | ||||
| 1943 | ||||
| 1944 | ||||
| 1945 | ||||
| 1946 | ||||
| 1947 | ||||
| 1948 | ||||
| 1949 | ||||
| 1950 | ||||
| 1951 | ||||
| 1952 | ||||
| 1953 | ||||
| 1954 | ||||
| 1955 | ||||
| 1956 | ||||
| 1957 | ||||
| 1958 | ||||
| 1959 | ||||
| 1960 | ||||
| 1961 | ||||
| 1962 | ||||
| 1963 | ||||
| 1964 | ||||
| 1965 | ||||
| 1966 | ||||
| 1967 | ||||
| 1968 | ||||
| 1969 | ||||
| 1970 | ||||
| 1971 | ||||
| 1972 | ||||
| 1973 | ||||
| 1974 | ||||
| 1975 | ||||
| 1976 | ||||
| 1977 | ||||
| 1978 | ||||
| 1979 | ||||
| 1980 | ||||
| 1981 | ||||
| 1982 | ||||
| 1983 | ||||
| 1984 | ||||
| 1985 | ||||
| 1986 | ||||
| 1987 | ||||
| 1988 | ||||
| 1989 | 99.7% | |||
| 1990 | ||||
| 1991 | ||||
| 1992 | ||||
| 1993 | ||||
| 1994 | ||||
| 1995 | ||||
| 1996 | ||||
| 1997 | ||||
| 1998 | 2,102.4 | |||
| 1999 | 2,135.3 | |||
| 2000 | 99.8% | 1,902.6 | ||
| 2001 | 1,925.0 | 96.2% | 58.7% | |
| 2002 | 2,210.9 | 99.1% | 61.7% | |
| 2003 | 2,193.7 | 99.1% | 64.2% | |
| 2004 | 2,465.6 | 101.4% | 65.8% | |
| 2005 | 2,451.2 | 104.2% | 68.0% | |
| 2006 | 2,600.8 | 104.0% | 68.8% | |
| 2007 | 2,747.6 | 105.1% | 68.8% | |
| 2008 | 2,972.9 | 105.4% | 67.8% | |
| 2009 | 3,229.7 | 107.4% | 67.8% | |
| 2010 | 3,057.8 | 110.9% | 68.7% | |
| 2011 | 99.9% | 3,392.8 | 112.3% | 71.0% |
| 2012 | 3,457.8 | 112.5% | 72.9% | |
| 2013 | 3,338.4 | 110.5% | 75.5% | |
| 2014 | 3,285.6 | 107.7% | 76.2% | |
| 2015 | 3,188.5 | 108.2% | 74.6% | |
| 2016 | 3,296.4 | 111.6% | 73.0% | |
| 2017 | 3,552.5 | 113.2% | 72.1% | |
| 2018 | 3,766.1 | 112.8% | 72.1% | |
| 2019 | 3,770.4 | 112.3% | 72.7% | |
| 2020 | 3,836.4 | 112.5% | 72.0% | |
| 2021 | 4,036.1 | 113.0% | 73.2% | |
| 2022 | 4,654.9 | 112.6% | 71.4% | |
| 2023 | 4,800.4 | 108.4% | 67.6% | |
| 2024 | 108.5% | 65.7% |
Health
Health summary
| Metric | Latest | Latest Year | Start | Peak | Low | 10y | 25y | World | Continent | Source | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physicians | 3.47 | 2022 | 2.941980 | 3.531991 | 2.782001 | +0.19 / 10y | +0.28 / 25y25y | 2.30 | 3.98 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Hospital Beds | 4.13 | 2023 | 12.191980 | 12.271985 | 4.132023 | -0.77 / 10y | -3.45 / 25y25y | 4.14 | 5.49 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Measles Immunization | 83.0% | 2024 | 74.0%1993 | 96.0%2007 | 74.0%1993 | -10.0 pts / 10y | -9.0 pts / 25y25y | 88.9% | 93.4% | WorldBankWdi | |
| Maternal Mortality | 5.0 | 2023 | 56.01985 | 60.01994 | 5.02017 | -1.0 / 10y | -27.0 / 25y25y | 111.8 | 8.0 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Life Expectancy | 79.3 | 2024 | 66.41950 | 79.32024 | 66.41950 | +2.3 / 10y | +9.2 / 25y25y | 73.4 | 79.1 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Infant Mortality | 1.5 | 2024 | 29.01960 | 29.01960 | 1.52024 | -1.1 / 10y | -8.0 / 25y25y | 19.0 | 4.4 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Under-5 Mortality | 2.0 | 2024 | 35.01960 | 35.01960 | 2.02024 | -1.4 / 10y | -10.0 / 25y25y | 24.7 | 5.2 | WorldBankWdi |
Health year by year
| Year | Physicians | Hospital Beds | Measles Immunization | Maternal Mortality | Life Expectancy | Infant Mortality | Under-5 Mortality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1918 | |||||||
| 1919 | |||||||
| 1920 | |||||||
| 1921 | |||||||
| 1922 | |||||||
| 1923 | |||||||
| 1924 | |||||||
| 1925 | |||||||
| 1926 | |||||||
| 1927 | |||||||
| 1928 | |||||||
| 1929 | |||||||
| 1930 | |||||||
| 1931 | |||||||
| 1932 | |||||||
| 1933 | |||||||
| 1934 | |||||||
| 1935 | |||||||
| 1936 | |||||||
| 1937 | |||||||
| 1938 | |||||||
| 1939 | |||||||
| 1940 | |||||||
| 1941 | |||||||
| 1942 | |||||||
| 1943 | |||||||
| 1944 | |||||||
| 1945 | |||||||
| 1946 | |||||||
| 1947 | |||||||
| 1948 | |||||||
| 1949 | |||||||
| 1950 | 66.4 | ||||||
| 1951 | 66.8 | ||||||
| 1952 | 67.2 | ||||||
| 1953 | 67.5 | ||||||
| 1954 | 67.8 | ||||||
| 1955 | 68.2 | ||||||
| 1956 | 68.5 | ||||||
| 1957 | 68.8 | ||||||
| 1958 | 68.8 | ||||||
| 1959 | 68.7 | ||||||
| 1960 | 68.7 | 29.0 | 35.0 | ||||
| 1961 | 69.1 | 27.2 | 33.0 | ||||
| 1962 | 69.3 | 25.6 | 31.1 | ||||
| 1963 | 69.3 | 24.1 | 29.3 | ||||
| 1964 | 70.1 | 22.7 | 27.7 | ||||
| 1965 | 70.2 | 21.5 | 26.3 | ||||
| 1966 | 70.1 | 20.4 | 25.1 | ||||
| 1967 | 70.4 | 19.5 | 24.1 | ||||
| 1968 | 70.1 | 18.8 | 23.3 | ||||
| 1969 | 69.8 | 18.2 | 22.6 | ||||
| 1970 | 69.9 | 17.8 | 22.2 | ||||
| 1971 | 70.1 | 17.5 | 21.9 | ||||
| 1972 | 69.9 | 17.3 | 21.7 | ||||
| 1973 | 70.2 | 17.2 | 21.6 | ||||
| 1974 | 70.3 | 17.2 | 21.6 | ||||
| 1975 | 69.7 | 17.3 | 21.7 | ||||
| 1976 | 69.3 | 17.3 | 21.8 | ||||
| 1977 | 69.4 | 17.4 | 21.9 | ||||
| 1978 | 69.3 | 17.3 | 21.9 | ||||
| 1979 | 69.1 | 17.2 | 21.8 | ||||
| 1980 | 2.94 | 12.19 | 69.1 | 17.0 | 21.6 | ||
| 1981 | 69.0 | 16.8 | 21.2 | ||||
| 1982 | 69.1 | 16.4 | 20.7 | ||||
| 1983 | 69.4 | 16.0 | 20.2 | ||||
| 1984 | 69.3 | 15.5 | 19.7 | ||||
| 1985 | 3.35 | 12.27 | 56.0 | 69.4 | 15.1 | 19.2 | |
| 1986 | 3.41 | 12.27 | 46.0 | 70.1 | 14.8 | 18.7 | |
| 1987 | 3.48 | 12.14 | 42.0 | 70.6 | 14.5 | 18.4 | |
| 1988 | 12.03 | 43.0 | 70.7 | 14.3 | 18.1 | ||
| 1989 | 11.93 | 48.0 | 70.0 | 14.1 | 17.9 | ||
| 1990 | 3.50 | 11.61 | 44.0 | 69.5 | 14.0 | 17.7 | |
| 1991 | 3.53 | 11.29 | 42.0 | 69.4 | 13.9 | 17.5 | |
| 1992 | 3.25 | 9.68 | 40.0 | 68.9 | 13.7 | 17.3 | |
| 1993 | 3.19 | 9.62 | 74.0% | 46.0 | 67.9 | 13.4 | 16.9 |
| 1994 | 3.17 | 8.56 | 76.0% | 60.0 | 66.5 | 13.0 | 16.4 |
| 1995 | 3.16 | 8.35 | 81.0% | 45.0 | 67.5 | 12.4 | 15.7 |
| 1996 | 3.11 | 7.90 | 86.0% | 36.0 | 69.6 | 11.8 | 14.8 |
| 1997 | 3.19 | 7.71 | 88.0% | 31.0 | 69.8 | 11.0 | 13.9 |
| 1998 | 2.95 | 7.58 | 89.0% | 32.0 | 69.4 | 10.3 | 12.9 |
| 1999 | 2.99 | 7.53 | 92.0% | 28.0 | 70.1 | 9.5 | 12.0 |
| 2000 | 2.94 | 7.04 | 93.0% | 27.0 | 70.4 | 8.8 | 11.0 |
| 2001 | 2.78 | 6.60 | 95.0% | 25.0 | 70.3 | 8.1 | 10.1 |
| 2002 | 2.96 | 5.98 | 95.0% | 22.0 | 70.9 | 7.4 | 9.3 |
| 2003 | 3.00 | 5.73 | 95.0% | 18.0 | 71.3 | 6.7 | 8.5 |
| 2004 | 3.02 | 5.64 | 96.0% | 15.0 | 71.9 | 6.2 | 7.8 |
| 2005 | 3.14 | 5.38 | 96.0% | 15.0 | 72.6 | 5.6 | 7.1 |
| 2006 | 3.18 | 5.55 | 96.0% | 13.0 | 72.7 | 5.1 | 6.5 |
| 2007 | 3.26 | 5.48 | 96.0% | 13.0 | 72.8 | 4.7 | 5.9 |
| 2008 | 3.34 | 5.63 | 95.0% | 11.0 | 73.8 | 4.3 | 5.4 |
| 2009 | 3.28 | 5.37 | 95.0% | 10.0 | 74.8 | 3.9 | 5.0 |
| 2010 | 3.24 | 5.27 | 95.0% | 8.0 | 75.4 | 3.6 | 4.6 |
| 2011 | 3.29 | 5.36 | 94.0% | 9.0 | 76.2 | 3.3 | 4.2 |
| 2012 | 3.28 | 5.53 | 94.0% | 8.0 | 76.3 | 3.0 | 3.9 |
| 2013 | 3.34 | 4.90 | 94.0% | 6.0 | 77.1 | 2.8 | 3.6 |
| 2014 | 3.36 | 4.90 | 93.0% | 7.0 | 77.0 | 2.6 | 3.4 |
| 2015 | 3.42 | 4.82 | 93.0% | 6.0 | 77.6 | 2.4 | 3.2 |
| 2016 | 3.46 | 4.69 | 93.0% | 7.0 | 77.6 | 2.3 | 3.0 |
| 2017 | 3.47 | 4.61 | 93.0% | 5.0 | 78.1 | 2.2 | 2.8 |
| 2018 | 3.48 | 4.53 | 87.0% | 5.0 | 78.2 | 2.0 | 2.7 |
| 2019 | 3.47 | 4.53 | 88.0% | 6.0 | 78.6 | 1.9 | 2.5 |
| 2020 | 3.48 | 4.46 | 91.0% | 6.0 | 78.6 | 1.8 | 2.4 |
| 2021 | 3.43 | 4.39 | 89.0% | 8.0 | 76.9 | 1.8 | 2.3 |
| 2022 | 3.47 | 4.19 | 87.0% | 7.0 | 77.8 | 1.7 | 2.2 |
| 2023 | 4.13 | 85.0% | 5.0 | 78.8 | 1.6 | 2.1 | |
| 2024 | 83.0% | 79.3 | 1.5 | 2.0 |
Environment
Environment summary
| Metric | Latest | Latest Year | Start | Peak | Low | 10y | 25y | World | Continent | Source | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land | 23.1% | 2023 | 32.4%1992 | 32.4%1992 | 16.5%2002 | +0.9 pts / 10y | -1.5 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| Renewable Electricity | 40.0% | 2021 | 0.0%1990 | 48.9%2020 | 0.0%1990 | +30.8 pts / 10y | +39.9 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| Fossil Fuel Energy | 0.0% | 2024 | 40.0%1990 | 40.0%1990 | 0.0%2016 | -15.7 pts / 10y | -31.5 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| CO2 Emissions | 10,649 | 2024 | 21,3491970 | 41,6931982 | 10,6492024 | -12,103 / 10y | -6,772 / 25y25y | 37,916,447 | 5,832,517 | WorldBankWdi | |
| CO2 per Capita | 7.76 | 2024 | 15.701970 | 27.911981 | 7.762024 | -9.55 / 10y | -4.77 / 25y25y | 4.69 | 6.80 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Forest Area | 57.1% | 2023 | 52.2%1992 | 57.1%2023 | 52.2%1992 | +2.2 pts / 10y | +4.4 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi |
Environment year by year
| Year | Agricultural Land | Renewable Electricity | Fossil Fuel Energy | CO2 Emissions | CO2 per Capita | Forest Area |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1918 | ||||||
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| 1970 | 21,349 | 15.70 | ||||
| 1971 | 21,374 | 15.52 | ||||
| 1972 | 23,242 | 16.69 | ||||
| 1973 | 26,553 | 18.89 | ||||
| 1974 | 29,577 | 20.86 | ||||
| 1975 | 32,160 | 22.50 | ||||
| 1976 | 33,766 | 23.46 | ||||
| 1977 | 35,144 | 24.23 | ||||
| 1978 | 37,494 | 25.68 | ||||
| 1979 | 38,995 | 26.56 | ||||
| 1980 | 40,461 | 27.39 | ||||
| 1981 | 41,526 | 27.91 | ||||
| 1982 | 41,693 | 27.82 | ||||
| 1983 | 41,429 | 27.46 | ||||
| 1984 | 40,397 | 26.60 | ||||
| 1985 | 39,571 | 25.88 | ||||
| 1986 | 38,555 | 25.03 | ||||
| 1987 | 37,929 | 24.44 | ||||
| 1988 | 36,005 | 23.05 | ||||
| 1989 | 32,758 | 20.89 | ||||
| 1990 | 0.0% | 40.0% | 40,040 | 25.52 | ||
| 1991 | 0.0% | 39.6% | 36,526 | 23.39 | ||
| 1992 | 32.4% | 0.0% | 32.4% | 26,605 | 17.35 | 52.2% |
| 1993 | 31.1% | 0.0% | 31.7% | 21,892 | 14.65 | 52.3% |
| 1994 | 26.0% | 0.0% | 28.7% | 22,559 | 15.42 | 52.3% |
| 1995 | 23.4% | 0.1% | 25.9% | 20,603 | 14.34 | 52.4% |
| 1996 | 23.7% | 0.1% | 27.2% | 21,626 | 15.28 | 52.5% |
| 1997 | 24.1% | 0.1% | 27.1% | 21,180 | 15.13 | 52.6% |
| 1998 | 24.6% | 0.2% | 30.5% | 19,007 | 13.71 | 52.7% |
| 1999 | 23.6% | 0.2% | 31.5% | 17,420 | 12.53 | 52.7% |
| 2000 | 23.3% | 0.2% | 28.6% | 17,822 | 12.76 | 52.8% |
| 2001 | 21.0% | 0.2% | 31.4% | 18,248 | 13.15 | 53.0% |
| 2002 | 16.5% | 0.4% | 29.9% | 17,519 | 12.70 | 53.3% |
| 2003 | 19.5% | 0.5% | 29.2% | 19,554 | 14.27 | 53.5% |
| 2004 | 18.2% | 0.6% | 28.8% | 20,046 | 14.71 | 53.7% |
| 2005 | 20.8% | 1.1% | 29.0% | 20,069 | 14.81 | 54.0% |
| 2006 | 21.2% | 1.3% | 29.6% | 19,433 | 14.43 | 54.2% |
| 2007 | 21.6% | 1.2% | 25.9% | 23,034 | 17.18 | 54.4% |
| 2008 | 21.4% | 1.9% | 27.8% | 20,881 | 15.62 | 54.6% |
| 2009 | 22.0% | 6.2% | 25.3% | 17,439 | 13.07 | 54.9% |
| 2010 | 22.4% | 8.1% | 19.7% | 22,216 | 16.68 | 55.1% |
| 2011 | 22.3% | 9.2% | 18.6% | 22,336 | 16.83 | 55.5% |
| 2012 | 22.6% | 12.3% | 20.5% | 21,230 | 16.05 | 55.9% |
| 2013 | 22.2% | 9.2% | 17.9% | 23,637 | 17.93 | 54.9% |
| 2014 | 22.4% | 11.2% | 15.7% | 22,751 | 17.31 | 55.3% |
| 2015 | 22.8% | 15.4% | 14.7% | 21,022 | 15.98 | 55.7% |
| 2016 | 23.1% | 13.0% | 0.0% | 20,588 | 15.65 | 55.7% |
| 2017 | 23.0% | 14.1% | 0.0% | 21,965 | 16.67 | 57.0% |
| 2018 | 23.0% | 16.1% | 0.0% | 23,649 | 17.89 | 57.0% |
| 2019 | 23.1% | 28.1% | 0.0% | 15,463 | 11.65 | 57.0% |
| 2020 | 23.0% | 48.9% | 0.0% | 12,133 | 9.13 | 57.0% |
| 2021 | 23.1% | 40.0% | 0.0% | 12,926 | 9.71 | 57.0% |
| 2022 | 23.1% | 0.0% | 15,018 | 11.13 | 57.1% | |
| 2023 | 23.1% | 0.0% | 11,474 | 8.37 | 57.1% | |
| 2024 | 0.0% | 10,649 | 7.76 |
Generated 2026-04-12T13:33:23.5297218Z
Sources: CiaWorldLeaders | ConstituteChronology | CountryPageNarrative | CowStateSystem | GeoBoundariesADM0 | Polity5 | Roster | SiteModernCountryData | UNWorldPopulationProspects | WorldBankMetadata | WorldBankWdi