Italy

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Italy became a nation-state in 1861 when the regional states of the peninsula, along with Sardinia and Sicily, were united under King Victor EMMANUEL II. An era of parliamentary government came to a close in the early 1920s when Benito MUSSOLINI established a Fascist dictatorship. His alliance with Nazi Germany led to Italy’s defeat in World War II. A democratic republic replaced the monarchy in 1946, and economic revival followed. Italy is a charter member of NATO, as well as the European Economic Community (EEC) and its successors, the EC and the EU. It has been at the forefront of European economic and political unification, joining the Economic and Monetary Union in 1999. Persistent problems include sluggish economic growth, high youth and female unemployment, organized crime, corruption, and economic disparities between southern Italy and the more prosperous north.

Current Country Profile

🇮🇹 Italy

ContinentEurope
RegionItalian Peninsula & Central Med Islands
Formation1861
Age165 years
Land Area301,400 sq km
Population
59.0M
Latest 2024
GDP
$2.38T
Latest 2024
GDP per Capita
$40K
Latest 2024
Terra Firma
Population
59.0M
Latest 2024
GDP
$2.38T
Latest 2024
GDP per Capita
$40K
Latest 2024
GNI per Capita
$39K
Latest 2024
Land Area
301,400 sq km
Eastern Mediterranean
Current System
Democracy

Benchmark Shelf

Population
59.0M World 8.1B Europe 866.8M
GDP
$2.38T World $109.24T Europe $29.08T
GDP per Capita
$40K World $14K Europe $34K
Life Expectancy
84.0 World 73.4 Europe 79.1
Internet Users
89.2% World 72.6% Europe 91.5%
Urban Population
69.6% World 57.4% Europe 76.1%
Trade Openness
62.8% World 54.7% Europe 86.6%
CO2 per Capita
5.08 World 4.69 Europe 6.80

Trend Wall

Population
2000-2024
59.0M
Latest 2024-1.4M / 10y
GDP
2000-2024
$2.38T
Latest 2024+$207.57B / 10y
GDP per Capita
2000-2024
$40K
Latest 2024+$4K / 10y
Life Expectancy
2000-2024
84.0
Latest 2024+0.9 / 10yContinent 79.1
Internet Users
2000-2024
89.2%
Latest 2024+33.6 pts / 10yContinent 91.5%
Exports and Imports
2000-2024
$773.89B
Latest 2024Exports $773.89BImports $721.84BBalance $52.05B
ExportsImports
Fertility Rate
2000-2024
1.18
Latest 2024-0.20 / 10y
Urban Population
2000-2024
69.6%
Latest 2024+0.0 pts / 10y
Inflation
2000-2024
1.0%
Latest 2024+0.7 pts / 10y
Unemployment
2001-2025
6.4%
Latest 2025-5.5 pts / 10y
Electricity Access
1999-2023
100.0%
Latest 20230.0 pts / 10y
CO2 per Capita
2000-2024
5.08
Latest 2024-0.61 / 10y

Current Structure

Demographic Structure
Share of population
Child share 11.9%
Working-age share 63.5%
Elderly share 24.6%
Economic Structure
Share of value added
Agriculture 2.0%
Industry 22.3%
Services 65.0%
Other 10.6%
Land Use
Share of land area
Forest area 32.9%
Agricultural land 44.3%
Other land 22.8%
Electricity Mix
% of total electricity output
Fossil electricity 58.0%
Nuclear electricity 0.0%
Hydroelectricity 16.4%
Other renewables 24.5%
Energy Use Mix
% of total energy use
Fossil fuel energy 77.9%
Alternative and nuclear energy 11.3%
Combustible renewables and waste 10.8%

Milestone Timeline

Formation
1861
Kingdom of Italy proclaimed
Political unification in 1861 created the modern Italian state footing used here.
Regime
1925
Shift to Autocracy
1943
Shift to Anocracy
1947
Shift to Democracy
1947
Constitution adopted
External
1999
Union treaty
Italy is a charter member of NATO, as well as the European Economic Community (EEC) and its successors, the EC and the EU. It has been at the forefront of European economic and political unification, joining the Economic and Monetary Union in 1999.

Historical Footing

Before the modern state
Before 1861
The political traditions that preceded the modern state of Italy shaped the institutional footing that followed.
State formation
1861
Political unification in 1861 created the modern Italian state footing used here.
Current footing
1861 to present
Today Italy sits in Italian Peninsula & Central Med Islands, with a current system of Democracy.

Annual Explorer

Health
Infant Mortality
2.3
2024
-0.8 / 10y
W 19.0
C 4.4
Under-5 Mortality
2.7
2024
-0.9 / 10y
W 24.7
C 5.2
Maternal Mortality
6.0
2023
-2.0 / 10y
W 111.8
C 8.0
Physicians
4.19
2022
+0.38 / 10y
W 2.30
C 3.98
Hospital Beds
3.06
2022
-0.31 / 10y
W 4.16
C 5.07
Measles Immunization
95.0%
2024
+8.0 pts / 10y
W 88.9%
C 93.4%
Education
Secondary Enrollment
100.7%
2023
-0.3 pts / 10y
W 81.8%
C 104.9%
Tertiary Enrollment
75.9%
2023
+15.1 pts / 10y
W 52.0%
C 83.3%
Researchers
2,855.1
2023
+938.8 / 10y
W 2,253.0
C 3,863.9
Adult Literacy
99.3%
2019
+0.9 pts / 10y
W 79.2%
C 98.2%
Environment
CO2 Emissions
299,229
2024
-43,747 / 10y
W 37,916,447
C 5,832,517
Demography
Population Growth
-0.1%
2024
-0.1 pts / 10y
W 1.0%
C 0.3%
Density
195.6
2024
-9.4 / 10y
W n/a
C n/a
Median Age
47.5
2023
+3.9 / 10y
W 30.8
C 40.9
Net Migration
75,448
2025
+36,059 / 10y
W n/a
C n/a
Connectivity
Mobile Subscriptions
132.6
2024
-15.6 / 10y
W 110.2
C 135.9
Fixed Broadband
31.8
2024
+8.1 / 10y
W 19.9
C 34.3
Secure Servers
30,647.2
2024
+30,150.3 / 10y
W 16,260.9
C 52,740.7
Economy
GDP Growth
0.7%
2024
+0.7 pts / 10y
W n/a
C n/a
Labor Force Participation
49.3%
2025
+0.7 pts / 10y
W n/a
C n/a

Deep Data

Demography

Demography summary
MetricLatestLatest YearStartPeakLow10y25yWorldContinentSourceTrend
Child Share11.9%202425.0%196025.0%196011.9%2024-1.9 pts / 10y-2.4 pts / 25y25y24.8%16.3%WorldBankWdi
Fertility Rate1.1820242.5219502.6619641.182024-0.20 / 10y-0.05 / 25y25y2.171.42WorldBankWdi
Elderly Share24.6%20249.5%196024.6%20249.5%1960+2.9 pts / 10y+6.7 pts / 25y25y10.2%19.0%WorldBankWdi
Net Migration75,4482025-27,5391950502,7501994-460,2871995+36,059 / 10y+19,383 / 25y25yn/an/aWorldBankWdi
Working-Age Share63.5%202465.5%196069.1%199263.5%2024-1.0 pts / 10y-4.3 pts / 25y25y65.1%64.6%WorldBankWdi
Population Growth-0.1%20240.9%19501.1%1953-0.7%2019-0.1 pts / 10y-0.1 pts / 25y25y1.0%0.3%WorldBankWdi
Population59.0M202419.9M181660.3M201419.9M1816-1.4M / 10y+2.0M / 25y25y8.1B866.8MWorldBankWdi
Density195.6202466.11816205.0201466.11816-9.4 / 10y+2.2 / 25y25yn/an/aDerived
Median Age47.5202327.5195047.5202327.51950+3.9 / 10y+8.8 / 25y25y30.840.9UNWorldPopulationProspects
Urban Population69.6%202459.3%196069.6%201559.3%1960+0.0 pts / 10y+2.5 pts / 25y25y57.4%76.1%WorldBankWdi
Demography year by year 1816–2025 · 210 years · 10 metrics
Year Child ShareFertility RateElderly ShareNet MigrationWorking-Age SharePopulation GrowthPopulationDensityMedian AgeUrban Population
181619.9M66.1
181720.0M66.3
181820.1M66.5
181920.1M66.8
182020.2M67.1
182120.3M67.4
182220.4M67.8
182320.6M68.2
182420.7M68.7
182520.8M69.1
182621.0M69.6
182721.1M70.0
182821.2M70.5
182921.4M70.9
183021.5M71.4
183121.7M71.8
183221.8M72.3
183321.9M72.8
183422.1M73.2
183522.2M73.7
183622.4M74.2
183722.5M74.7
183822.6M75.1
183922.8M75.6
184022.9M76.1
184123.1M76.6
184223.2M77.1
184323.4M77.6
184423.5M78.1
184523.7M78.6
184623.8M79.1
184724.0M79.6
184824.1M80.1
184924.3M80.6
185024.5M81.2
185124.6M81.7
185224.8M82.2
185324.9M82.7
185425.1M83.2
185525.2M83.7
185625.4M84.2
185725.5M84.8
185825.7M85.3
185925.9M85.8
186026.0M86.4
186126.2M86.9
186226.4M87.5
186326.5M88.0
186426.7M88.6
186526.9M89.2
186627.1M89.8
186727.2M90.3
186827.4M90.9
186927.6M91.5
187027.7M92.1
187127.9M92.6
187228.1M93.1
187328.2M93.6
187428.4M94.2
187528.5M94.7
187628.7M95.2
187728.9M95.7
187829.0M96.3
187929.2M96.8
188029.4M97.4
188129.5M98.0
188229.7M98.7
188329.9M99.3
188430.1M100.0
188530.4M100.7
188630.6M101.4
188730.8M102.1
188831.0M102.8
188931.2M103.5
189031.4M104.2
189131.6M104.8
189231.8M105.4
189332.0M106.1
189432.1M106.7
189532.3M107.3
189632.5M107.9
189732.7M108.5
189832.9M109.2
189933.1M109.9
190033.3M110.6
190133.6M111.4
190233.8M112.2
190334.1M113.1
190434.4M114.1
190534.7M115.0
190634.9M115.9
190735.2M116.8
190835.5M117.8
190935.7M118.6
191035.9M119.2
191136.1M119.8
191236.2M120.2
191336.3M120.4
191436.4M120.6
191536.4M120.9
191636.5M121.1
191736.6M121.4
191836.7M121.6
191936.8M122.1
192037.0M122.7
192137.2M123.4
192237.5M124.3
192337.8M125.4
192438.1M126.5
192538.5M127.6
192638.8M128.7
192739.1M129.8
192839.5M131.0
192939.8M132.1
193040.2M133.2
193140.5M134.4
193240.8M135.5
193341.2M136.6
193441.5M137.8
193541.9M138.9
193642.2M140.1
193742.6M141.3
193842.9M142.5
193943.3M143.6
194043.6M144.7
194143.9M145.7
194244.2M146.6
194344.5M147.5
194444.7M148.4
194545.0M149.3
194645.3M150.2
194745.5M151.1
194845.8M152.0
194946.1M153.0
19502.52-27,5390.9%46.4M156.727.5
19512.38-98,7640.6%46.8M158.027.8
19522.32-129,9370.5%47.0M158.928.2
19532.29170,3091.1%47.4M160.228.5
19542.35-132,8010.6%47.8M161.628.9
19552.34-137,1460.6%48.1M162.629.2
19562.35-139,1570.5%48.4M163.529.5
19572.35-140,5910.5%48.7M164.429.8
19582.33-146,9710.6%48.9M165.330.0
19592.39-145,1990.6%49.2M166.330.3
196025.0%2.409.5%-140,76565.5%0.6%50.2M167.330.559.3%
196125.0%2.449.7%-129,76165.4%0.7%50.5M168.330.859.8%
196224.7%2.469.8%-25,84065.5%0.7%50.9M169.531.060.3%
196324.5%2.519.9%-28,19865.6%0.7%51.3M170.931.160.9%
196424.5%2.6610.0%-27,36865.5%0.8%51.7M172.431.261.4%
196524.5%2.6010.1%-36,26765.4%0.8%52.1M173.931.362.0%
196624.5%2.5810.3%-35,35265.2%0.8%52.5M175.431.462.5%
196724.6%2.5010.5%-37,99265.0%0.7%52.9M176.831.563.1%
196824.6%2.4610.7%-50,14964.7%0.6%53.2M178.131.663.6%
196924.7%2.4710.8%-45,34664.5%0.6%53.5M179.331.864.0%
197024.7%2.3811.1%-62,21664.3%0.5%53.8M180.431.964.5%
197124.6%2.4011.3%-58,62764.1%0.5%54.1M181.532.164.8%
197224.6%2.3511.5%43,18263.9%0.6%54.4M182.732.265.1%
197324.6%2.3011.7%41,63163.7%0.7%54.8M184.032.465.4%
197424.5%2.2811.9%42,48763.6%0.7%55.1M185.232.565.7%
197524.3%2.1712.2%43,05163.5%0.6%55.4M186.432.565.9%
197624.1%2.0412.4%40,88563.6%0.5%55.7M187.432.666.2%
197723.7%1.9312.6%42,24663.7%0.4%56.0M188.232.666.4%
197823.4%1.8412.8%43,93263.8%0.4%56.2M189.032.766.6%
197922.8%1.7313.1%42,63764.1%0.3%56.3M189.732.966.7%
198022.3%1.6413.2%295,64264.5%0.2%56.4M190.633.066.8%
198121.6%1.5813.2%7,18265.1%0.1%56.5M191.433.366.9%
198221.1%1.5613.2%-24,22365.7%0.1%56.5M191.633.666.9%
198320.5%1.5113.1%-3,73366.5%0.0%56.6M191.833.966.9%
198419.9%1.4613.0%20367.1%0.0%56.6M191.934.266.9%
198519.3%1.4213.2%6,91167.5%0.0%56.6M192.134.666.8%
198618.7%1.3513.5%-6,20667.8%0.0%56.6M192.234.966.8%
198718.1%1.3313.9%7,82568.0%0.0%56.6M192.235.266.8%
198817.5%1.3614.2%18,55368.2%0.0%56.6M192.335.566.8%
198917.0%1.3314.6%19,54068.4%0.1%56.7M192.535.866.7%
199016.5%1.3315.0%35,31768.6%0.1%56.7M192.736.166.7%
199115.8%1.3015.3%19,72168.9%0.1%56.8M192.836.566.7%
199215.2%1.3015.7%51,74769.1%0.1%56.8M193.036.866.7%
199315.0%1.2516.0%24,32169.0%0.1%56.8M193.237.166.7%
199414.8%1.2116.7%502,75068.5%0.0%56.8M194.037.666.8%
199514.6%1.1917.0%-460,28768.4%0.0%56.8M193.937.966.8%
199614.5%1.2017.0%53,45068.5%0.0%56.9M193.138.066.9%
199714.4%1.2217.4%50,53968.2%0.1%56.9M193.238.367.0%
199814.3%1.2217.6%67,98568.0%0.0%56.9M193.338.667.0%
199914.3%1.2317.9%54,40567.8%0.0%56.9M193.438.967.1%
200014.3%1.2618.2%56,06567.5%0.0%56.9M193.539.267.2%
200114.2%1.2518.5%48,90367.2%0.1%57.0M193.639.667.3%
200214.2%1.2718.8%223,86167.0%0.2%57.1M194.039.967.4%
200314.2%1.2919.1%478,57866.7%0.5%57.4M195.140.267.4%
200414.2%1.3419.3%417,97066.5%0.7%57.8M196.640.567.5%
200514.1%1.3319.6%258,70266.2%0.6%58.2M197.740.867.6%
200614.1%1.3719.9%215,99566.0%0.4%58.4M198.541.267.7%
200714.0%1.3920.1%495,09265.8%0.6%58.8M199.741.567.8%
200814.0%1.4420.2%422,53465.8%0.8%59.2M201.241.867.9%
200914.0%1.4420.3%283,67665.6%0.6%59.6M202.442.268.0%
201014.0%1.4420.5%274,38765.5%0.4%59.8M203.342.568.2%
201114.0%1.4220.7%198,54465.3%0.3%60.0M204.042.968.4%
201214.0%1.4221.0%252,52465.0%0.3%60.2M204.543.268.8%
201313.9%1.3921.3%158,09064.8%0.2%60.3M204.943.669.3%
201413.8%1.3821.7%52,67964.5%0.0%60.3M205.044.069.6%
201513.7%1.3622.0%39,38964.3%-0.2%60.2M204.744.469.6%
201613.6%1.3622.3%84,56864.1%-0.2%60.1M204.344.869.6%
201713.4%1.3422.6%95,14764.0%-0.2%60.0M204.045.269.5%
201813.2%1.3122.8%83,68664.0%0.2%60.1M203.745.669.5%
201913.0%1.2723.1%46,63463.9%-0.7%59.7M203.246.069.5%
202012.8%1.2423.4%85,28163.8%-0.5%59.4M202.446.469.5%
202112.6%1.2523.7%157,32763.7%-0.5%59.1M201.846.869.5%
202212.4%1.2423.9%231,22863.7%-0.2%59.0M201.447.169.5%
202312.1%1.2124.2%150,18963.6%0.0%59.0M201.047.569.5%
202411.9%1.1824.6%95,24663.5%-0.1%59.0M195.669.6%
202575,448

Economy

Economy summary
MetricLatestLatest YearStartPeakLow10y25yWorldContinentSourceTrend
Labor Force Participation49.3%202550.1%199050.3%199146.9%1995+0.7 pts / 10y+1.5 pts / 25y25yn/an/aWorldBankWdi
Unemployment6.4%202510.1%199112.7%20146.1%2007-5.5 pts / 10y-4.4 pts / 25y25yn/an/aWorldBankWdi
Industry Value Added22.3%202427.9%199027.9%199020.2%2014+2.1 pts / 10y-2.2 pts / 25y25yn/an/aWorldBankWdi
Agriculture Value Added2.0%20243.2%19903.2%19911.8%2010+0.1 pts / 10y-0.7 pts / 25y25yn/an/aWorldBankWdi
Services Value Added65.0%202460.3%199066.8%200960.3%1990-1.7 pts / 10y+2.7 pts / 25y25yn/an/aWorldBankWdi
GDP Growth0.7%20248.2%19618.9%2021-8.9%2020+0.7 pts / 10y-1.0 pts / 25y25yn/an/aWorldBankWdi
GDP$2.38T2024$42.01B1960$2.42T2008$42.01B1960+$207.57B / 10y+$1.13T / 25y25y$109.24T$29.08TWorldBankWdi
GDP per Capita$40K2024$8371960$41K2008$8371960+$4K / 10y+$18K / 25y25y$14K$34KWorldBankWdi
Inflation1.0%20242.4%196021.1%1980-0.1%2020+0.7 pts / 10y-0.7 pts / 25y25yn/an/aWorldBankWdi
GNI per Capita$39K2024$1K1962$39K2022$1K1962+$3K / 10y+$17K / 25y25y$14K$32KWorldBankWdi
Economy year by year 1816–2025 · 210 years · 10 metrics
Year Labor Force ParticipationUnemploymentIndustry Value AddedAgriculture Value AddedServices Value AddedGDP GrowthGDPGDP per CapitaInflationGNI per Capita
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960$42.01B$8372.4%
19618.2%$46.65B$9232.1%
19626.2%$52.41B$1K4.7%$1K
19635.6%$60.04B$1K7.5%$1K
19642.8%$65.72B$1K5.9%$1K
19653.3%$70.72B$1K4.5%$1K
19666.0%$76.62B$1K2.3%$1K
19677.2%$84.40B$2K3.7%$2K
19686.5%$91.49B$2K1.3%$2K
19696.1%$101.00B$2K2.7%$2K
19705.3%$113.66B$2K5.0%$2K
19711.8%$124.96B$2K4.8%$2K
19723.7%$145.59B$3K5.7%$3K
19737.1%$175.90B$3K10.8%$3K
19745.5%$200.02B$4K19.2%$4K
1975-2.1%$228.22B$4K17.0%$4K
19767.1%$225.24B$4K16.6%$5K
19772.6%$258.19B$5K17.1%$5K
19783.2%$315.78B$6K12.1%$5K
19796.0%$394.58B$7K14.8%$7K
19803.4%$478.36B$8K21.1%$8K
19810.8%$431.70B$8K18.0%$9K
19820.4%$428.26B$8K16.5%$8K
19831.2%$444.06B$8K14.6%$8K
19843.2%$438.90B$8K10.8%$8K
19852.8%$453.26B$8K9.2%$8K
19862.9%$641.86B$11K5.8%$9K
19873.2%$807.57B$14K4.7%$12K
19884.2%$893.66B$16K5.1%$16K
19893.4%$930.80B$16K6.3%$17K
199050.1%27.9%3.2%60.3%2.0%$1.18T$21K6.5%$19K
199150.3%10.1%27.0%3.2%60.6%1.5%$1.25T$22K6.2%$20K
199248.5%9.3%26.6%3.1%61.0%0.8%$1.32T$23K5.3%$23K
199348.0%10.2%26.2%3.0%61.7%-0.9%$1.07T$19K4.6%$22K
199447.2%11.1%26.2%3.0%61.7%2.2%$1.10T$19K4.1%$21K
199546.9%11.7%26.2%3.0%61.2%2.9%$1.18T$21K5.2%$21K
199647.3%11.9%25.8%3.0%61.9%1.3%$1.31T$23K4.0%$22K
199747.3%12.0%25.4%2.9%61.9%1.9%$1.24T$22K2.0%$22K
199847.6%12.1%25.1%2.8%61.8%1.8%$1.27T$22K2.0%$22K
199947.8%11.7%24.5%2.7%62.3%1.7%$1.26T$22K1.7%$22K
200047.8%10.8%24.1%2.6%63.0%3.9%$1.15T$20K2.5%$22K
200147.9%9.6%23.8%2.5%63.7%2.0%$1.17T$21K2.8%$21K
200248.2%9.2%23.7%2.4%63.9%0.3%$1.28T$22K2.5%$21K
200348.6%8.9%23.1%2.4%64.9%0.1%$1.58T$28K2.7%$23K
200449.5%7.9%23.1%2.3%64.7%1.5%$1.81T$31K2.2%$28K
200548.9%7.7%22.9%2.0%65.0%0.8%$1.86T$32K2.0%$32K
200648.9%6.8%23.0%1.9%64.4%1.8%$1.96T$34K2.1%$34K
200748.6%6.1%23.4%1.9%64.3%1.5%$2.22T$38K1.8%$36K
200848.9%6.7%23.2%1.9%64.9%-1.0%$2.42T$41K3.3%$38K
200948.3%7.7%21.4%1.8%66.8%-5.3%$2.21T$37K0.8%$38K
201048.0%8.4%21.4%1.8%66.4%1.5%$2.14T$36K1.5%$38K
201147.9%8.4%21.2%1.8%66.2%0.7%$2.31T$38K2.8%$38K
201248.8%10.7%20.8%1.9%66.4%-3.1%$2.10T$35K3.0%$36K
201348.5%12.1%20.6%2.1%66.5%-1.8%$2.15T$36K1.2%$36K
201448.7%12.7%20.2%1.9%66.8%0.0%$2.17T$36K0.2%$35K
201548.6%11.9%20.3%2.0%66.7%0.9%$1.85T$31K0.0%$33K
201649.2%11.7%20.7%1.8%66.4%1.2%$1.89T$31K-0.1%$32K
201749.5%11.2%20.8%1.9%66.3%1.6%$1.97T$33K1.2%$32K
201849.6%10.5%21.0%1.9%66.2%0.8%$2.10T$35K1.1%$34K
201949.6%9.9%21.0%1.8%66.1%0.4%$2.02T$34K0.6%$35K
202048.2%9.2%21.0%1.9%66.7%-8.9%$1.91T$32K-0.1%$33K
202148.4%9.5%22.6%1.8%64.8%8.9%$2.18T$37K1.9%$37K
202249.0%8.1%23.3%1.9%64.6%4.8%$2.10T$36K8.2%$39K
202349.8%7.6%23.7%1.9%64.3%1.0%$2.32T$39K5.6%$39K
202449.6%6.5%22.3%2.0%65.0%0.7%$2.38T$40K1.0%$39K
202549.3%6.4%

Trade

Trade summary
MetricLatestLatest YearStartPeakLow10y25yWorldContinentSourceTrend
Trade Openness62.8%202430.0%197072.0%202230.0%1970+8.4 pts / 10y+18.3 pts / 25y25y54.7%86.6%Derived
Imports$721.84B2024$16.94B1970$776.77B2022$16.94B1970+$160.44B / 10y+$453.56B / 25y25y$29.11T$12.07TWorldBankWdi
Exports$773.89B2024$17.19B1970$773.89B2024$17.19B1970+$151.85B / 10y+$483.31B / 25y25y$29.85T$13.10TWorldBankWdi
Trade year by year 1816–2024 · 209 years · 3 metrics
Year Trade OpennessImportsExports
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
197030.0%$16.94B$17.19B
197130.3%$18.47B$19.42B
197231.7%$22.53B$23.70B
197334.0%$31.52B$28.26B
197440.7%$44.46B$36.97B
197537.3%$42.51B$42.65B
197641.1%$47.52B$45.04B
197741.7%$52.63B$55.07B
197841.2%$61.72B$68.30B
197943.6%$83.95B$88.13B
198042.9%$108.75B$96.34B
198145.2%$101.72B$93.31B
198243.4%$95.66B$90.24B
198340.1%$87.97B$90.08B
198442.3%$93.84B$91.98B
198542.5%$97.34B$95.47B
198636.1%$111.81B$119.78B
198735.5%$141.63B$144.90B
198835.0%$156.33B$156.73B
198937.0%$172.14B$171.96B
199036.2%$213.36B$215.68B
199133.8%$209.89B$212.31B
199234.8%$230.16B$230.75B
199337.7%$184.88B$217.24B
199440.4%$204.28B$240.41B
199545.6%$246.82B$289.82B
199642.8%$251.64B$311.11B
199744.5%$253.82B$299.91B
199845.0%$267.09B$305.61B
199944.5%$268.27B$290.58B
200050.3%$284.12B$293.87B
200149.9%$284.83B$299.59B
200247.9%$301.96B$311.63B
200346.0%$360.43B$367.62B
200447.3%$423.10B$433.75B
200549.1%$458.98B$457.14B
200652.9%$526.28B$510.27B
200754.8%$613.04B$605.53B
200854.2%$664.13B$646.51B
200945.1%$505.18B$492.21B
201051.7%$573.63B$534.49B
201154.5%$643.86B$612.80B
201254.9%$564.33B$587.11B
201354.0%$556.75B$606.72B
201454.5%$561.40B$622.04B
201555.4%$485.19B$537.83B
201654.4%$483.73B$543.46B
201757.6%$540.83B$593.97B
201859.3%$597.53B$646.91B
201958.7%$560.33B$625.07B
202053.9%$480.95B$547.94B
202160.3%$634.81B$679.29B
202272.0%$776.77B$738.51B
202365.1%$736.15B$772.20B
202462.8%$721.84B$773.89B

Connectivity

Connectivity summary
MetricLatestLatest YearStartPeakLow10y25yWorldContinentSourceTrend
Fixed Broadband31.820240.2200031.820230.22000+8.1 / 10y+31.6 / 24y24y19.934.3WorldBankWdi
Secure Servers30,647.22024125.9201030,647.22024125.92010+30,150.3 / 10y+30,521.2 / 14y14y16,260.952,740.7WorldBankWdi
Mobile Subscriptions132.620240.01960160.620120.01960-15.6 / 10y+79.4 / 25y25y110.2135.9WorldBankWdi
Internet Users89.2%20240.0%199089.2%20240.0%1990+33.6 pts / 10y+74.8 pts / 25y25y72.6%91.5%WorldBankWdi
Electricity Access100.0%2023100.0%1990100.0%2023100.0%19900.0 pts / 10y0.0 pts / 25y25y91.6%100.0%WorldBankWdi
Connectivity year by year 1816–2024 · 209 years · 5 metrics
Year Fixed BroadbandSecure ServersMobile SubscriptionsInternet UsersElectricity Access
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
19600.0
1961
1962
1963
1964
19650.0
1966
1967
1968
1969
19700.0
1971
1972
1973
1974
19750.0
19760.0
19770.0
19780.0
19790.0
19800.0
19810.0
19820.0
19830.0
19840.0
19850.0
19860.0
19870.0
19880.1
19890.1
19900.50.0%100.0%
19911.00.0%100.0%
19921.40.1%100.0%
19932.10.1%100.0%
19943.90.2%100.0%
19956.90.5%100.0%
199611.31.0%100.0%
199720.62.3%100.0%
199836.04.6%100.0%
199953.214.4%100.0%
20000.273.823.1%100.0%
20010.789.427.2%100.0%
20021.594.428.0%100.0%
20033.998.329.0%100.0%
20048.1107.933.2%100.0%
200511.7122.235.0%100.0%
200614.5136.938.0%100.0%
200717.1151.940.8%100.0%
200818.9151.744.5%100.0%
200920.2150.348.8%100.0%
201021.8125.9155.753.7%100.0%
201122.4188.3159.154.4%100.0%
201222.7300.0160.655.8%100.0%
201323.1374.5159.758.5%100.0%
201423.7496.9148.255.6%100.0%
201524.6633.2144.858.1%100.0%
201625.71,316.2142.161.3%100.0%
201727.57,813.0138.963.1%100.0%
201828.512,313.6138.374.4%100.0%
201929.115,313.2132.267.9%100.0%
202030.320,677.2129.570.5%100.0%
202131.324,823.4130.874.9%100.0%
202231.228,070.9131.785.1%100.0%
202331.830,244.1131.987.0%100.0%
202431.830,647.2132.689.2%

Education

Education summary
MetricLatestLatest YearStartPeakLow10y25yWorldContinentSourceTrend
Adult Literacy99.3%201996.5%198199.3%201996.5%1981+0.9 pts / 10y+2.9 pts / 25y25y79.2%98.2%WorldBankWdi
Researchers2,855.120231,337.619962,855.120231,137.51999+938.8 / 10y+1,712.6 / 25y25y2,253.03,863.9WorldBankWdi
Secondary Enrollment100.7%202397.3%2001101.8%202097.3%2001-0.3 pts / 10y+3.4 pts / 22y22y81.8%104.9%WorldBankWdi
Tertiary Enrollment75.9%202353.5%200175.9%202353.5%2001+15.1 pts / 10y+22.5 pts / 22y22y52.0%83.3%WorldBankWdi
Education year by year 1816–2023 · 208 years · 4 metrics
Year Adult LiteracyResearchersSecondary EnrollmentTertiary Enrollment
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
198196.5%
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
19961,337.6
19971,149.0
19981,142.5
19991,137.5
20001,154.7
200198.4%1,164.397.3%53.5%
20021,242.998.8%56.3%
20031,222.799.5%60.0%
20041,242.599.1%63.3%
20051,412.699.2%65.3%
20061,507.999.5%67.3%
20071,579.999.8%68.9%
20081,613.5100.3%67.6%
20091,703.8100.2%67.0%
20101,722.7101.4%65.4%
201198.8%1,760.6101.6%64.2%
20121,831.3100.4%62.3%
20131,916.3101.0%60.9%
20141,947.3101.1%60.9%
20152,075.8101.2%60.9%
20162,209.6100.7%61.4%
20172,322.4101.0%62.7%
20182,524.3101.5%64.5%
201999.3%2,670.7101.7%65.7%
20202,614.7101.8%68.7%
20212,658.9101.8%71.3%
20222,795.5101.4%73.9%
20232,855.1100.7%75.9%

Health

Health summary
MetricLatestLatest YearStartPeakLow10y25yWorldContinentSourceTrend
Physicians4.1920225.4919909.3420023.422000+0.38 / 10y+0.22 / 25y25y2.303.98WorldBankWdi
Hospital Beds3.0620228.90196010.6019753.062022-0.31 / 10y-2.84 / 25y25y4.165.07WorldBankWdi
Measles Immunization95.0%202443.0%199095.0%202443.0%1990+8.0 pts / 10y+25.0 pts / 25y25y88.9%93.4%WorldBankWdi
Maternal Mortality6.0202322.0198522.019866.02023-2.0 / 10y-6.0 / 25y25y111.88.0WorldBankWdi
Life Expectancy84.0202465.7195084.0202465.31951+0.9 / 10y+4.5 / 25y25y73.479.1WorldBankWdi
Infant Mortality2.3202444.2196044.219602.32023-0.8 / 10y-2.7 / 25y25y19.04.4WorldBankWdi
Under-5 Mortality2.7202451.9196051.919602.72024-0.9 / 10y-3.2 / 25y25y24.75.2WorldBankWdi
Health year by year 1816–2024 · 209 years · 7 metrics
Year PhysiciansHospital BedsMeasles ImmunizationMaternal MortalityLife ExpectancyInfant MortalityUnder-5 Mortality
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
195065.7
195165.3
195265.9
195366.6
195467.9
195568.3
195667.6
195767.8
195868.9
195969.3
19608.9069.144.251.9
19619.0069.842.649.8
19629.2069.140.947.6
19639.3069.239.145.3
19649.5070.337.443.1
19659.6070.235.841.1
19669.7070.934.439.3
19679.9071.033.137.8
196810.1070.832.036.4
196910.3070.830.935.1
197010.6071.629.733.6
197110.6071.828.231.8
197210.6072.126.429.8
197310.5072.024.527.6
197410.6072.722.425.3
197510.6072.620.523.1
197610.4073.018.821.1
197710.3073.417.319.5
197810.0073.716.118.1
19799.8074.015.117.0
19809.6073.914.216.1
19819.4074.413.415.2
19829.1074.812.614.3
19838.9074.611.913.5
19848.5075.411.212.7
19858.3022.075.510.512.0
19868.0022.075.89.911.4
19877.8021.076.29.510.8
19887.5020.076.49.010.4
19897.1019.076.88.710.0
19905.497.2043.0%18.077.08.49.7
19915.606.8050.0%18.077.08.19.3
19925.686.9050.0%17.077.47.78.9
19935.726.7050.0%16.077.77.38.5
19945.786.6050.0%15.077.96.88.0
19953.766.3050.0%15.078.26.47.5
19963.886.5055.0%14.078.56.07.0
19973.985.9057.0%13.078.85.66.6
19984.055.5055.0%12.079.05.36.2
19994.094.9070.0%11.079.45.05.9
20003.424.6874.0%11.079.84.75.6
20013.494.5977.0%10.080.14.55.3
20029.344.4181.0%10.080.24.35.1
20033.604.1584.0%8.080.04.14.8
20043.673.9986.0%8.080.83.94.6
20053.694.0187.0%8.080.83.84.5
20063.693.9588.0%7.081.33.74.3
20073.753.8690.0%7.081.43.64.2
20083.743.7490.0%7.081.53.54.1
20093.743.6490.0%8.081.63.44.1
20103.763.5991.0%8.082.03.44.0
20113.843.4690.0%8.082.23.33.9
20123.813.3790.0%8.082.23.23.8
20133.873.2990.0%8.082.73.13.7
20143.893.2287.0%8.083.13.13.6
20153.853.2085.0%8.082.53.03.5
20163.963.1887.0%8.083.22.93.4
20174.003.1992.0%8.082.92.83.3
20183.993.1593.0%7.083.32.73.2
20194.023.1494.0%7.083.52.63.1
20203.973.1692.0%8.082.22.53.0
20214.063.0994.0%7.082.62.52.9
20224.193.0694.0%10.082.72.42.8
202395.0%6.083.42.32.8
202495.0%84.02.32.7

Environment

Environment summary
MetricLatestLatest YearStartPeakLow10y25yWorldContinentSourceTrend
Agricultural Land44.3%202370.3%196170.3%196141.9%2021-1.8 pts / 10y-8.4 pts / 25y25yn/an/aWorldBankWdi
Renewable Electricity41.0%202116.1%199043.7%201416.1%1990+12.9 pts / 10y+22.1 pts / 25y25yn/an/aWorldBankWdi
Fossil Fuel Energy0.0%202493.4%199093.4%19900.0%2016-78.6 pts / 10y-91.8 pts / 25y25yn/an/aWorldBankWdi
CO2 Emissions299,2292024314,6081970493,0712005295,2132020-43,747 / 10y-150,128 / 25y25y37,916,4475,832,517WorldBankWdi
CO2 per Capita5.0820245.8519708.5120044.972020-0.61 / 10y-2.82 / 25y25y4.696.80WorldBankWdi
Forest Area32.9%202325.8%199032.9%202325.8%1990+1.8 pts / 10y+5.0 pts / 25y25yn/an/aWorldBankWdi
Environment year by year 1816–2024 · 209 years · 6 metrics
Year Agricultural LandRenewable ElectricityFossil Fuel EnergyCO2 EmissionsCO2 per CapitaForest Area
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
196170.3%
196270.2%
196369.7%
196469.6%
196569.5%
196669.4%
196769.3%
196869.2%
196968.8%
197068.6%314,6085.85
197160.0%329,2746.09
197259.5%347,3736.39
197359.4%369,5316.75
197459.5%372,0576.75
197559.6%355,8786.42
197659.6%382,5466.87
197759.5%371,5556.64
197859.8%378,9446.75
197959.9%394,8927.01
198059.7%397,6547.05
198159.7%385,8666.83
198259.6%377,6906.68
198358.7%373,3536.60
198458.6%378,8296.70
198558.1%378,5666.69
198657.9%380,4176.72
198757.8%399,9757.07
198857.3%404,7377.15
198957.3%422,8717.46
199057.3%16.1%93.4%426,0587.5125.8%
199154.6%20.5%92.9%424,8957.4926.1%
199254.3%20.2%92.6%423,0517.4526.3%
199354.1%20.3%92.3%416,2967.3326.6%
199453.4%20.8%92.1%410,7507.2326.9%
199552.1%17.2%93.0%434,9097.6527.1%
199652.2%18.9%92.6%429,8477.5627.4%
199752.2%18.4%92.4%433,3007.6227.7%
199852.6%17.9%92.3%442,4757.7827.9%
199953.7%19.3%91.8%449,3577.9028.2%
200052.9%20.8%91.7%454,3197.9828.3%
200152.4%22.0%91.4%453,6807.9628.5%
200251.6%19.7%91.0%460,9578.0728.7%
200350.4%18.5%90.2%480,7618.3829.0%
200450.3%20.3%90.4%492,1608.5129.2%
200549.8%18.2%89.8%493,0718.4829.4%
200648.0%18.2%89.2%487,5258.3529.6%
200747.9%17.0%88.2%480,3228.1729.9%
200848.9%20.0%86.8%464,9777.8530.1%
200947.3%25.1%84.8%413,8076.9530.3%
201048.5%26.6%84.6%423,6337.0830.5%
201146.8%28.1%84.5%414,5046.9130.7%
201246.4%31.5%82.2%394,4546.5530.9%
201346.1%39.3%80.0%361,7146.0031.1%
201444.5%43.7%78.6%342,9765.6931.3%
201543.8%39.0%79.0%353,7405.8731.4%
201643.3%37.9%0.0%349,1705.8131.6%
201743.4%35.7%0.0%345,6825.7631.8%
201841.9%40.1%0.0%340,3735.6632.0%
201944.4%40.1%0.0%332,5625.5732.2%
202042.3%42.4%0.0%295,2134.9732.3%
202141.9%41.0%0.0%330,3485.5932.5%
202244.0%0.0%331,0065.6132.7%
202344.3%0.0%304,3085.1632.9%
20240.0%299,2295.08
Generated 2026-04-12T13:34:01.2376997Z
Sources: CiaWorldLeaders | ConstituteChronology | CountryPageNarrative | CowStateSystem | GeoBoundariesADM0 | Polity5 | Roster | SiteModernCountryData | UNWorldPopulationProspects | WorldBankMetadata | WorldBankWdi