Turkey

Back to Europe

Modern Turkey was founded in 1923 from the remnants of the Ottoman Empire by reformer and national hero Mustafa KEMAL, known as Ataturk or “Father of the Turks.” One-party rule ended in 1950, and periods of instability and military coups have since fractured the multiparty democracy, in 1960, 1971, 1980, 1997, and 2016.

Turkey joined the UN in 1945 and NATO in 1952. In 1963, Turkey became an associate member of the European Community; it began accession talks with the EU in 2005. Turkey intervened militarily on Cyprus in 1974 to prevent a Greek takeover of the island and has since acted as patron state to the “Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus,” which only Turkey recognizes. The Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK), a US-designated terrorist organization, began a separatist insurgency in Turkey in 1984, and the struggle has long dominated the attention of Turkish security forces. In 2013, the Turkish Government and the PKK conducted negotiations aimed at ending the violence, but intense fighting resumed in 2015.

The Turkish Government conducted a referendum in 2017 in which voters approved constitutional amendments changing Turkey from a parliamentary to a presidential system.

Current Country Profile

🇹🇷 Turkey

ContinentEurope
RegionAnatolian Rim & Turkish Straits
Formation1816
Age210 years
Land Area780,053 sq km
Population
85.5M
Latest 2024
GDP
$1.36T
Latest 2024
GDP per Capita
$16K
Latest 2024
Terra Firma
Population
85.5M
Latest 2024
GDP
$1.36T
Latest 2024
GDP per Capita
$16K
Latest 2024
GNI per Capita
$13K
Latest 2024
Land Area
780,053 sq km
Eastern Mediterranean
Current System
Autocracy

Benchmark Shelf

Population
85.5M World 8.1B Europe 866.8M
GDP
$1.36T World $109.24T Europe $29.08T
GDP per Capita
$16K World $14K Europe $34K
Life Expectancy
77.4 World 73.4 Europe 79.1
Urban Population
89.3% World 57.4% Europe 76.1%
Trade Openness
54.6% World 54.7% Europe 86.6%
CO2 per Capita
5.38 World 4.69 Europe 6.80

Trend Wall

Population
2000-2024
85.5M
Latest 2024+8.3M / 10y
GDP
2000-2024
$1.36T
Latest 2024+$416.78B / 10y
GDP per Capita
2000-2024
$16K
Latest 2024+$4K / 10y
Life Expectancy
2000-2024
77.4
Latest 2024+1.0 / 10yContinent 79.1
Internet Users
2001-2025
89.8%
Latest 2025+36.0 pts / 10y
Exports and Imports
2000-2024
$374.69B
Latest 2024Exports $374.69BImports $367.38BBalance $7.31B
ExportsImports
Fertility Rate
2000-2024
1.48
Latest 2024-0.71 / 10y
Urban Population
2000-2024
89.3%
Latest 2024+5.7 pts / 10y
Inflation
2000-2024
58.5%
Latest 2024+49.7 pts / 10y
Unemployment
2001-2025
8.5%
Latest 2025-1.8 pts / 10y
Electricity Access
2000-2023
100.0%
Latest 20230.0 pts / 10y
CO2 per Capita
2000-2024
5.38
Latest 2024+0.77 / 10y

Current Structure

Demographic Structure
Share of population
Child share 21.4%
Working-age share 68.3%
Elderly share 10.3%
Economic Structure
Share of value added
Agriculture 5.8%
Industry 25.5%
Services 57.5%
Other 11.2%
Land Use
Share of land area
Forest area 29.5%
Agricultural land 50.1%
Other land 20.4%
Electricity Mix
% of total electricity output
Fossil electricity 64.2%
Nuclear electricity 0.0%
Hydroelectricity 16.7%
Other renewables 18.7%
Energy Use Mix
% of total energy use
Fossil fuel energy 80.8%
Alternative and nuclear energy 15.7%
Combustible renewables and waste 3.5%

Milestone Timeline

Formation
1816
Modern state established
The modern sovereign-state footing used here begins in 1816.
Regime
1961
Constitution adopted
1973
Shift to Democracy
1980
Shift to Anocracy
1982
Constitution adopted
External
1945
NATO milestone
Turkey joined the UN in 1945 and NATO in 1952.

Historical Footing

Before the modern state
Before 1816
The political traditions that preceded the modern state of Turkey shaped the institutional footing that followed.
State formation
1816
The modern sovereign-state footing used here begins in 1816.
Current footing
1816 to present
Today Turkey sits in Anatolian Rim & Turkish Straits, with a current system of Autocracy.

Annual Explorer

Health
Infant Mortality
8.0
2024
-3.5 / 10y
W 19.0
C 4.4
Under-5 Mortality
9.6
2024
-4.4 / 10y
W 24.7
C 5.2
Maternal Mortality
15.0
2023
-5.0 / 10y
W 111.8
C 8.0
Physicians
2.24
2022
+0.51 / 10y
W 2.30
C 3.98
Hospital Beds
3.05
2023
+0.41 / 10y
W 4.14
C 5.49
Measles Immunization
95.0%
2024
+1.0 pts / 10y
W 88.9%
C 93.4%
Education
Secondary Enrollment
118.4%
2023
+16.2 pts / 10y
W 81.8%
C 104.9%
Tertiary Enrollment
105.9%
2023
+26.2 pts / 10y
W 52.0%
C 83.3%
Researchers
2,644.7
2023
+1,468.8 / 10y
W 2,253.0
C 3,863.9
Adult Literacy
97.3%
2021
+3.2 pts / 10y
W 78.1%
C 99.1%
Environment
CO2 Emissions
460,028
2024
+104,647 / 10y
W 37,916,447
C 5,832,517
Demography
Population Growth
0.2%
2024
-1.1 pts / 10y
W 1.0%
C 0.3%
Density
109.6
2024
+8.2 / 10y
W n/a
C n/a
Median Age
32.5
2023
+3.4 / 10y
W 30.8
C 40.9
Net Migration
-258,205
2025
-1,321,345 / 10y
W n/a
C n/a
Connectivity
Mobile Subscriptions
107.8
2024
+15.7 / 10y
W 110.2
C 135.9
Fixed Broadband
23.4
2024
+12.1 / 10y
W 19.9
C 34.3
Secure Servers
11,103.4
2024
+10,804.5 / 10y
W 16,260.9
C 52,740.7
Economy
GDP Growth
3.3%
2024
-1.3 pts / 10y
W n/a
C n/a
Labor Force Participation
54.4%
2025
+3.1 pts / 10y
W n/a
C n/a

Deep Data

Demography

Demography summary
MetricLatestLatest YearStartPeakLow10y25yWorldContinentSourceTrend
Child Share21.4%202442.0%196042.9%196821.4%2024-2.8 pts / 10y-9.3 pts / 25y25y24.8%16.3%WorldBankWdi
Fertility Rate1.4820246.4719506.4819531.482024-0.71 / 10y-1.15 / 25y25y2.171.42WorldBankWdi
Elderly Share10.3%20244.2%196010.3%20244.2%1960+2.8 pts / 10y+4.6 pts / 25y25y10.2%19.0%WorldBankWdi
Net Migration-258,205202551,61919501,063,1402015-318,0702023-1,321,345 / 10y-62,209 / 25y25yn/an/aWorldBankWdi
Working-Age Share68.3%202453.8%196068.7%201752.5%1968+0.1 pts / 10y+4.7 pts / 25y25y65.1%64.6%WorldBankWdi
Population Growth0.2%20242.9%19503.3%19560.2%2007-1.1 pts / 10y-1.1 pts / 25y25y1.0%0.3%WorldBankWdi
Population85.5M202410.0M181685.5M202410.0M1816+8.3M / 10y+20.9M / 25y25y8.1B866.8MWorldBankWdi
Density109.6202412.81816113.4202312.81816+8.2 / 10y+25.7 / 25y25yn/an/aDerived
Median Age32.5202318.6195032.5202317.51969+3.4 / 10y+9.2 / 25y25y30.840.9UNWorldPopulationProspects
Urban Population89.3%202423.4%196089.3%202423.4%1960+5.7 pts / 10y+31.2 pts / 25y25y57.4%76.1%WorldBankWdi
Demography year by year 1816–2025 · 210 years · 10 metrics
Year Child ShareFertility RateElderly ShareNet MigrationWorking-Age SharePopulation GrowthPopulationDensityMedian AgeUrban Population
181610.0M12.8
181710.0M12.9
181810.1M12.9
181910.1M12.9
182010.1M13.0
182110.1M13.0
182210.1M13.0
182310.2M13.0
182410.2M13.1
182510.2M13.1
182610.3M13.2
182710.3M13.2
182810.3M13.2
182910.4M13.3
183010.4M13.3
183110.4M13.4
183210.5M13.4
183310.5M13.5
183410.5M13.5
183510.6M13.5
183610.6M13.6
183710.6M13.6
183810.7M13.7
183910.7M13.7
184010.7M13.8
184110.8M13.8
184210.8M13.8
184310.8M13.9
184410.9M13.9
184510.9M14.0
184610.9M14.0
184711.0M14.1
184811.0M14.1
184911.0M14.2
185011.1M14.2
185111.1M14.2
185211.1M14.3
185311.2M14.3
185411.2M14.4
185511.2M14.4
185611.3M14.4
185711.3M14.5
185811.3M14.5
185911.4M14.6
186011.4M14.6
186111.4M14.7
186211.5M14.7
186311.5M14.7
186411.5M14.8
186511.6M14.8
186611.6M14.9
186711.6M14.9
186811.7M15.0
186911.7M15.0
187011.8M15.1
187111.8M15.1
187211.9M15.2
187311.9M15.3
187412.0M15.4
187512.1M15.5
187612.2M15.6
187712.2M15.7
187812.3M15.8
187912.4M15.9
188012.4M16.0
188112.5M16.0
188212.6M16.1
188312.7M16.2
188412.7M16.3
188512.8M16.4
188612.9M16.5
188713.0M16.6
188813.0M16.7
188913.1M16.8
189013.2M16.9
189113.3M17.0
189213.3M17.1
189313.4M17.2
189413.5M17.3
189513.6M17.4
189613.7M17.5
189713.7M17.6
189813.8M17.7
189913.9M17.8
190014.0M17.9
190114.1M18.0
190214.1M18.1
190314.2M18.2
190414.3M18.3
190514.4M18.4
190614.5M18.5
190714.6M18.7
190814.6M18.8
190914.7M18.8
191014.7M18.8
191114.6M18.8
191214.6M18.7
191314.5M18.5
191414.3M18.4
191514.2M18.2
191614.1M18.1
191714.0M17.9
191813.9M17.8
191913.8M17.7
192013.8M17.7
192113.8M17.7
192213.9M17.8
192314.0M17.9
192414.1M18.1
192514.2M18.2
192614.3M18.3
192714.4M18.5
192814.5M18.6
192914.6M18.8
193014.8M19.0
193115.0M19.2
193215.2M19.5
193315.5M19.9
193415.8M20.3
193516.1M20.6
193616.4M21.0
193716.7M21.4
193817.0M21.7
193917.3M22.1
194017.6M22.5
194117.9M22.9
194218.2M23.3
194318.5M23.7
194418.8M24.1
194519.1M24.5
194619.5M24.9
194719.8M25.4
194820.1M25.8
194920.5M26.3
19506.4751,6192.9%21.0M27.318.6
19516.4757,2042.9%21.6M28.118.6
19526.4759,0013.0%22.3M29.018.7
19536.4859,6703.0%23.0M29.818.7
19546.4733,5132.9%23.6M30.718.8
19556.466,8452.8%24.3M31.618.8
19566.46130,8853.3%25.1M32.618.8
19576.45126,9603.2%25.9M33.618.6
19586.43112,2483.1%26.7M34.718.5
19596.4274,4243.0%27.5M35.818.4
196042.0%6.384.2%14,94853.8%2.8%28.3M36.818.423.4%
196142.2%6.424.2%-26,18753.6%2.7%29.1M37.818.323.8%
196242.4%6.384.3%-34,35353.4%2.7%29.9M38.918.124.1%
196342.5%6.344.3%-44,31753.1%2.7%30.7M39.917.924.5%
196442.7%6.294.4%-69,97852.9%2.6%31.5M41.017.824.9%
196542.8%6.224.5%-113,91152.8%2.5%32.3M42.017.825.4%
196642.8%6.154.5%-50,99952.6%2.5%33.2M43.117.726.1%
196742.9%6.064.5%-65,99352.6%2.6%34.1M44.217.627.0%
196842.9%5.964.6%-78,97352.5%2.5%34.9M45.417.528.1%
196942.8%5.874.6%-110,57852.6%2.4%35.8M46.517.529.2%
197042.7%5.784.6%-150,92452.7%2.3%36.6M47.617.530.2%
197142.5%5.674.7%-94,89152.8%2.4%37.5M48.817.631.3%
197242.3%5.554.7%-119,85053.0%2.4%38.4M49.917.732.3%
197342.1%5.414.7%-130,98553.2%2.3%39.3M51.117.833.4%
197441.8%5.244.8%-153,31153.4%2.2%40.2M52.217.934.4%
197541.5%5.094.8%-193,82953.7%2.1%41.1M53.318.135.4%
197641.1%4.934.8%-135,37754.1%2.0%41.9M54.418.236.3%
197740.7%4.784.7%-151,82554.5%2.1%42.8M55.618.337.2%
197840.4%4.694.7%-182,81854.9%2.0%43.6M56.718.538.1%
197940.1%4.584.7%-218,50955.2%2.0%44.5M57.818.639.0%
198039.8%4.454.7%-151,96955.5%2.0%45.4M59.018.839.9%
198139.6%4.354.6%-213,88955.8%2.0%46.3M60.218.940.9%
198239.3%4.214.6%23,72856.1%2.1%47.3M61.519.042.0%
198338.9%4.064.6%39,87156.5%2.4%48.4M63.019.243.2%
198438.5%3.914.6%21,78756.9%2.3%49.6M64.419.444.4%
198538.1%3.784.6%8,96057.3%2.2%50.7M65.919.645.6%
198637.6%3.664.6%-29,13457.8%2.1%51.8M67.319.846.7%
198737.2%3.544.6%-40,77258.2%2.0%52.8M68.720.047.8%
198836.7%3.454.7%-27,65958.6%2.0%53.9M70.020.349.0%
198936.3%3.344.7%-33,51959.0%2.0%55.0M71.420.550.0%
199035.8%3.114.7%-27,19359.4%1.9%56.0M72.820.851.0%
199135.3%3.004.8%-69,98259.9%1.8%57.0M74.121.151.9%
199234.8%2.944.9%-49,92360.3%1.7%58.0M75.421.352.8%
199334.3%2.924.9%-35,24560.8%1.7%59.0M76.721.653.6%
199433.8%2.875.0%-37,76261.2%1.7%60.0M78.021.954.3%
199533.2%2.845.1%-149,73761.7%1.6%61.0M79.322.255.1%
199632.6%2.785.2%-179,42362.2%1.5%62.0M80.522.655.8%
199732.0%2.745.3%-208,46562.7%1.4%62.9M81.722.956.5%
199831.4%2.715.5%-231,74463.1%1.4%63.7M82.823.357.3%
199930.8%2.635.7%-219,77863.6%1.3%64.6M83.923.758.1%
200030.2%2.495.8%-195,99664.0%1.3%65.4M85.024.059.0%
200129.7%2.396.0%-166,75964.3%1.2%66.2M86.124.459.9%
200229.2%2.276.1%-129,44464.7%1.2%67.0M87.124.860.7%
200328.7%2.206.3%-121,38365.0%1.2%67.8M88.125.161.6%
200428.3%2.206.5%-146,57465.2%1.1%68.6M89.125.662.4%
200527.9%2.206.6%-174,17765.5%1.1%69.3M90.126.063.3%
200627.5%2.196.8%-190,19465.7%1.0%70.0M91.026.464.3%
200727.1%2.167.0%-186,40265.9%0.2%70.2M91.926.865.3%
200826.7%2.157.1%47,91566.2%1.3%71.1M93.027.266.5%
200926.3%2.107.1%24,27666.6%1.4%72.0M94.227.767.8%
201025.9%2.087.2%55,53266.9%1.5%73.1M95.328.169.3%
201125.5%2.057.3%68,84967.2%1.5%74.2M96.428.571.0%
201225.1%2.117.3%258,62367.6%1.3%75.2M97.728.873.8%
201324.7%2.117.4%438,61867.9%1.3%76.1M99.329.178.5%
201424.3%2.197.5%1,033,38468.2%1.3%77.2M101.429.483.6%
201523.9%2.167.6%1,063,14068.5%1.3%78.2M104.029.687.2%
201623.6%2.117.8%352,06368.7%1.3%79.3M106.129.988.1%
201723.3%2.087.9%659,84668.7%1.3%80.3M108.030.288.0%
201823.1%2.008.2%187,57068.7%1.4%81.4M109.730.588.2%
201923.0%1.898.5%-15,69068.5%1.4%82.6M110.930.888.7%
202022.8%1.779.0%37,93468.3%1.0%83.4M111.931.288.9%
202122.5%1.719.4%20,28368.1%0.9%84.1M112.631.789.2%
202222.2%1.639.7%-301,54468.1%1.0%85.0M113.132.189.0%
202321.8%1.5110.0%-318,07068.2%0.4%85.3M113.432.589.0%
202421.4%1.4810.3%-275,95268.3%0.2%85.5M109.689.3%
2025-258,205

Economy

Economy summary
MetricLatestLatest YearStartPeakLow10y25yWorldContinentSourceTrend
Labor Force Participation54.4%202556.6%199057.0%199146.2%2007+3.1 pts / 10y+4.4 pts / 25y25yn/an/aWorldBankWdi
Unemployment8.5%20258.2%199114.0%20096.5%2000-1.8 pts / 10y+2.0 pts / 25y25yn/an/aWorldBankWdi
Industry Value Added25.5%202417.3%196034.1%199517.0%1963-2.7 pts / 10y-2.8 pts / 25y25yn/an/aWorldBankWdi
Agriculture Value Added5.8%202454.9%196054.9%19605.7%2021-0.7 pts / 10y-4.6 pts / 25y25yn/an/aWorldBankWdi
Services Value Added57.5%202425.8%196057.5%202425.8%1960+3.7 pts / 10y+5.0 pts / 25y25yn/an/aWorldBankWdi
GDP Growth3.3%20241.2%196111.8%2021-5.5%2001-1.3 pts / 10y+6.4 pts / 25y25yn/an/aWorldBankWdi
GDP$1.36T2024$7.57B1960$1.36T2024$7.57B1960+$416.78B / 10y+$1.10T / 25y25y$109.24T$29.08TWorldBankWdi
GDP per Capita$16K2024$2671960$16K2024$2671960+$4K / 10y+$12K / 25y25y$14K$34KWorldBankWdi
Inflation58.5%20245.7%1960105.2%19941.1%1964+49.7 pts / 10y-6.4 pts / 25y25yn/an/aWorldBankWdi
GNI per Capita$13K2024$4501967$13K2024$4501967+$790 / 10y+$10K / 25y25y$14K$32KWorldBankWdi
Economy year by year 1816–2025 · 210 years · 10 metrics
Year Labor Force ParticipationUnemploymentIndustry Value AddedAgriculture Value AddedServices Value AddedGDP GrowthGDPGDP per CapitaInflationGNI per Capita
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
196017.3%54.9%25.8%$7.57B$2675.7%
196117.2%51.7%28.9%1.2%$7.99B$2743.2%
196217.1%52.8%28.1%5.6%$8.92B$2983.9%
196317.0%53.3%27.8%9.1%$10.36B$3376.4%
196417.9%50.5%29.4%5.5%$11.18B$3541.1%
196519.3%46.1%31.7%2.8%$11.97B$3704.6%
196619.6%47.2%30.3%11.2%$14.10B$4258.5%
196720.5%44.5%32.1%4.7%$15.64B$45914.0%$450
196821.5%41.6%34.0%6.8%$17.50B$5016.0%$490
196922.1%40.9%34.4%4.1%$19.47B$5444.9%$540
197021.9%39.1%36.3%3.2%$17.86B$4887.9%$540
197122.7%37.4%37.0%5.6%$16.17B$43119.0%$520
197223.7%34.3%38.9%7.4%$20.65B$53715.4%$540
197323.7%34.0%39.3%3.3%$26.00B$66113.9%$620
197422.5%36.0%38.5%5.6%$35.41B$88123.9%$820
197522.6%35.4%39.0%7.2%$46.04B$1K21.2%$1K
197623.9%32.5%40.4%10.5%$51.45B$1K17.5%$1K
197723.4%31.4%42.2%3.4%$58.68B$1K26.0%$1K
197822.9%31.8%42.7%1.5%$65.91B$2K61.9%$1K
197925.6%27.9%44.1%-0.6%$89.62B$2K63.5%$2K
198023.5%26.1%49.0%-2.4%$68.82B$2K94.3%$2K
198126.7%24.2%47.7%4.9%$71.18B$2K37.6%$2K
198227.8%22.4%48.4%3.6%$64.37B$1K29.1%$2K
198326.6%20.9%50.4%5.0%$61.80B$1K31.4%$1K
198425.6%21.2%50.9%6.7%$59.94B$1K48.4%$1K
198526.4%19.7%51.1%4.2%$67.23B$1K45.0%$1K
198631.0%19.5%46.6%7.0%$75.67B$1K34.6%$1K
198731.4%17.8%47.2%9.5%$87.19B$2K38.9%$2K
198832.8%17.3%46.6%2.3%$90.88B$2K68.8%$2K
198933.0%16.6%47.4%0.3%$107.13B$2K63.3%$2K
199056.6%31.1%17.5%48.1%9.3%$150.66B$3K60.3%$2K
199157.0%8.2%31.5%15.2%49.7%0.7%$151.03B$3K66.0%$2K
199256.0%8.5%31.2%15.0%50.1%5.0%$159.10B$3K70.1%$3K
199352.2%9.0%29.8%15.4%50.7%7.7%$180.42B$3K66.1%$3K
199454.6%8.6%32.1%15.5%48.9%-4.7%$130.65B$2K105.2%$3K
199554.1%7.6%34.1%11.5%44.8%7.9%$234.70B$4K89.1%$3K
199653.7%6.6%33.3%12.1%46.2%7.2%$250.37B$4K80.4%$3K
199752.6%6.8%33.2%10.6%47.1%7.4%$263.82B$4K85.7%$4K
199852.8%6.9%31.0%12.4%48.6%1.9%$276.04B$4K84.6%$4K
199952.7%7.7%28.3%10.4%52.5%-3.1%$256.67B$4K64.9%$4K
200049.9%6.5%26.8%10.0%52.8%7.0%$274.75B$4K54.9%$4K
200149.8%8.4%25.5%8.8%55.0%-5.5%$202.20B$3K54.4%$3K
200249.6%10.4%24.6%10.2%53.6%6.4%$240.78B$4K45.0%$4K
200348.3%10.5%24.8%9.8%53.1%5.8%$315.39B$5K21.6%$4K
200446.3%10.8%25.2%9.3%53.1%9.9%$410.16B$6K8.6%$5K
200546.4%10.6%25.3%9.1%53.1%9.1%$508.31B$7K8.2%$7K
200646.3%10.2%26.1%8.1%53.5%7.1%$559.67B$8K9.6%$8K
200746.2%10.3%26.4%7.4%54.9%5.1%$685.23B$10K8.8%$9K
200846.9%11.0%26.2%7.4%55.6%0.9%$775.42B$11K10.4%$10K
200947.9%14.0%24.1%8.0%57.3%-4.9%$653.89B$9K6.3%$10K
201048.8%11.9%24.5%8.9%54.7%8.5%$782.55B$11K8.6%$10K
201149.9%9.8%26.8%8.1%53.2%11.0%$844.19B$11K6.5%$11K
201250.0%9.2%26.7%7.7%54.1%4.8%$885.33B$12K8.9%$12K
201350.8%9.7%27.8%6.6%53.4%8.5%$962.17B$13K7.5%$13K
201450.5%9.9%28.2%6.5%53.8%4.6%$942.34B$12K8.9%$13K
201551.3%10.3%28.0%6.9%53.4%5.8%$865.46B$11K7.7%$12K
201652.0%10.9%28.3%6.3%53.6%3.3%$870.82B$11K7.8%$11K
201752.8%10.9%29.0%6.2%53.6%7.8%$863.87B$11K11.1%$11K
201853.2%11.0%29.2%6.0%54.6%3.5%$788.36B$10K16.3%$11K
201953.0%13.7%27.1%6.7%56.5%1.3%$775.85B$9K15.2%$10K
202049.3%13.1%27.8%6.9%54.6%1.8%$733.63B$9K12.3%$9K
202151.4%12.0%30.8%5.7%53.2%11.8%$839.94B$10K19.6%$10K
202253.1%10.5%30.9%6.7%52.2%5.4%$926.10B$11K72.3%$11K
202353.3%9.4%28.2%6.4%54.4%5.0%$1.14T$13K53.9%$12K
202454.2%8.8%25.5%5.8%57.5%3.3%$1.36T$16K58.5%$13K
202554.4%8.5%

Trade

Trade summary
MetricLatestLatest YearStartPeakLow10y25yWorldContinentSourceTrend
Trade Openness54.6%20245.7%196079.9%20225.7%1960+0.3 pts / 10y+16.9 pts / 25y25y54.7%86.6%Derived
Imports$367.38B2024$277.78M1960$386.71B2022$277.78M1960+$98.91B / 10y+$319.03B / 25y25y$29.11T$12.07TWorldBankWdi
Exports$374.69B2024$155.56M1960$374.69B2024$155.56M1960+$131.40B / 10y+$326.35B / 25y25y$29.85T$13.10TWorldBankWdi
Trade year by year 1816–2024 · 209 years · 3 metrics
Year Trade OpennessImportsExports
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
19605.7%$277.78M$155.56M
196112.0%$544.44M$411.11M
196213.6%$711.11M$500.00M
196311.2%$722.22M$433.33M
19649.9%$611.11M$500.00M
19659.9%$644.44M$544.44M
19669.8%$800.00M$577.78M
19679.1%$777.78M$644.44M
19688.8%$888.89M$644.44M
19698.3%$922.22M$700.00M
197010.8%$1.14B$790.91M
197113.6%$1.33B$860.00M
197214.6%$1.76B$1.24B
197316.1%$2.36B$1.83B
197417.0%$3.99B$2.03B
197515.7%$5.17B$2.04B
197615.5%$5.49B$2.50B
197714.5%$6.28B$2.24B
197811.4%$4.80B$2.73B
19799.1%$5.27B$2.88B
198017.1%$8.21B$3.55B
198121.1%$9.19B$5.86B
198226.9%$9.67B$7.64B
198329.0%$10.23B$7.71B
198435.3%$11.79B$9.35B
198534.8%$12.75B$10.66B
198629.4%$12.18B$10.07B
198733.3%$15.48B$13.58B
198836.2%$15.95B$16.95B
198934.0%$19.05B$17.36B
199030.9%$26.48B$20.14B
199130.5%$25.12B$20.90B
199231.7%$27.60B$22.90B
199333.0%$34.90B$24.67B
199441.7%$26.63B$27.91B
199536.0%$41.47B$43.01B
199639.6%$50.30B$48.97B
199742.8%$56.25B$56.56B
199840.4%$54.44B$57.01B
199937.7%$48.35B$48.33B
200042.4%$61.66B$54.77B
200149.9%$45.79B$55.19B
200248.1%$54.99B$60.83B
200346.4%$73.09B$73.15B
200449.0%$103.11B$97.84B
200546.3%$122.96B$112.43B
200648.9%$147.02B$126.91B
200748.0%$177.06B$152.04B
200850.8%$208.12B$185.49B
200947.0%$152.23B$155.35B
201046.9%$198.40B$168.95B
201153.7%$254.62B$198.30B
201253.3%$251.10B$221.03B
201353.1%$275.81B$234.80B
201454.3%$268.47B$243.29B
201551.9%$230.16B$218.80B
201648.9%$219.78B$205.79B
201756.1%$255.67B$229.27B
201862.8%$245.16B$250.13B
201962.6%$229.25B$256.26B
202060.4%$232.19B$210.84B
202169.6%$290.24B$294.43B
202279.9%$386.71B$353.22B
202365.7%$385.39B$364.21B
202454.6%$367.38B$374.69B

Connectivity

Connectivity summary
MetricLatestLatest YearStartPeakLow10y25yWorldContinentSourceTrend
Fixed Broadband23.420240.0200123.420240.02001+12.1 / 10y+23.4 / 23y23y19.934.3WorldBankWdi
Secure Servers11,103.4202485.4201011,103.4202485.42010+10,804.5 / 10y+11,018.0 / 14y14y16,260.952,740.7WorldBankWdi
Mobile Subscriptions107.820240.01960107.820240.01960+15.7 / 10y+95.0 / 25y25y110.2135.9WorldBankWdi
Internet Users89.8%20250.0%199089.8%20250.0%1990+36.0 pts / 10y+86.0 pts / 25y25yn/an/aWorldBankWdi
Electricity Access100.0%202399.9%2000100.0%202399.7%20040.0 pts / 10y+0.1 pts / 23y23y91.6%100.0%WorldBankWdi
Connectivity year by year 1816–2025 · 210 years · 5 metrics
Year Fixed BroadbandSecure ServersMobile SubscriptionsInternet UsersElectricity Access
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
19600.0
1961
1962
1963
1964
19650.0
1966
1967
1968
1969
19700.0
1971
1972
1973
1974
19750.0
19760.0
19770.0
19780.0
19790.0
19800.0
19810.0
19820.0
19830.0
19840.0
19850.0
19860.0
19870.0
19880.0
19890.0
19900.10.0%
19910.1
19920.1
19930.10.0%
19940.30.0%
19950.70.1%
19961.30.2%
19972.60.5%
19985.60.7%
199912.92.3%
200024.73.8%99.9%
20010.029.55.2%99.9%
20020.034.811.4%99.8%
20030.341.112.3%99.8%
20040.850.614.6%99.7%
20052.362.915.5%99.7%
20064.075.218.2%99.7%
20076.787.628.6%99.7%
20088.092.034.4%99.7%
20098.986.636.4%99.7%
20109.785.484.239.8%100.0%
201110.2117.188.043.1%100.0%
201210.5222.690.045.1%100.0%
201311.6263.391.246.3%100.0%
201411.4298.992.151.0%100.0%
201511.9365.092.053.7%100.0%
201612.91,310.091.958.3%100.0%
201714.43,384.893.664.7%100.0%
201815.94,383.794.971.0%100.0%
201916.75,494.294.674.0%100.0%
202019.46,837.195.477.7%100.0%
202120.97,755.999.581.4%100.0%
202221.89,166.0103.783.4%100.0%
202322.59,882.0105.786.0%100.0%
202423.411,103.4107.887.3%
202589.8%

Education

Education summary
MetricLatestLatest YearStartPeakLow10y25yWorldContinentSourceTrend
Adult Literacy97.3%202161.6%197597.3%202161.6%1975+3.2 pts / 10y+18.0 pts / 25y25y78.1%99.1%WorldBankWdi
Researchers2,644.72023294.119962,644.72023294.11996+1,468.8 / 10y+2,345.7 / 25y25y2,253.03,863.9WorldBankWdi
Secondary Enrollment118.4%202325.4%1971118.4%202325.4%1971+16.2 pts / 10y+59.1 pts / 25y25y81.8%104.9%WorldBankWdi
Tertiary Enrollment105.9%20234.9%1971127.6%20224.7%1973+26.2 pts / 10y+83.9 pts / 25y25y52.0%83.3%WorldBankWdi
Education year by year 1816–2023 · 208 years · 4 metrics
Year Adult LiteracyResearchersSecondary EnrollmentTertiary Enrollment
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
197125.4%4.9%
197227.1%4.8%
197327.5%4.7%
197427.1%4.9%
197561.6%6.8%
197629.1%8.2%
197730.9%8.8%
197832.9%8.5%
197933.4%7.8%
198065.7%35.4%6.3%
198134.6%5.4%
198235.3%5.4%
198335.8%5.8%
198437.2%6.7%
198576.0%8.1%
198641.4%8.9%
198743.1%9.4%
198845.3%9.8%
198947.8%10.6%
199079.2%48.6%12.0%
199150.3%12.9%
199251.9%13.8%
199355.1%15.5%
199456.6%18.9%
199559.1%19.2%
1996294.1
1997303.059.3%22.8%
1998299.022.0%
1999312.769.4%22.5%
2000355.074.6%
2001344.885.3%25.0%
2002360.090.1%25.9%
2003484.291.8%29.7%
200487.4%496.688.3%30.8%
200588.2%567.584.9%33.2%
200688.1%612.288.6%37.3%
200788.7%705.590.7%39.4%
2008742.789.1%40.8%
200990.8%802.080.2%46.9%
201092.7%882.584.2%56.8%
201194.1%977.387.8%61.5%
201294.9%1,100.285.0%70.1%
201395.3%1,175.9102.2%79.6%
201495.4%1,163.5106.0%87.0%
201595.6%1,136.2107.2%95.6%
201695.9%1,263.8108.5%103.7%
201796.2%1,420.6113.0%110.5%
20181,585.1112.1%115.5%
201996.7%1,737.6111.9%117.0%
20201,964.7112.5%118.9%
202197.3%2,209.7114.1%125.8%
20222,478.7116.0%127.6%
20232,644.7118.4%105.9%

Health

Health summary
MetricLatestLatest YearStartPeakLow10y25yWorldContinentSourceTrend
Physicians2.2420220.3019602.2420220.301960+0.51 / 10y+1.10 / 25y25y2.303.98WorldBankWdi
Hospital Beds3.0520231.7019603.0520231.701960+0.41 / 10y+0.55 / 25y25y4.145.49WorldBankWdi
Measles Immunization95.0%202427.0%198098.0%201627.0%1980+1.0 pts / 10y+13.0 pts / 25y25y88.9%93.4%WorldBankWdi
Maternal Mortality15.0202356.0198556.0198515.02023-5.0 / 10y-19.0 / 25y25y111.88.0WorldBankWdi
Life Expectancy77.4202447.3195077.7201947.31950+1.0 / 10y+6.7 / 25y25y73.479.1WorldBankWdi
Infant Mortality8.02024178.31960178.319608.02024-3.5 / 10y-25.1 / 25y25y19.04.4WorldBankWdi
Under-5 Mortality9.62024254.71960254.719609.62024-4.4 / 10y-30.5 / 25y25y24.75.2WorldBankWdi
Health year by year 1816–2024 · 209 years · 7 metrics
Year PhysiciansHospital BedsMeasles ImmunizationMaternal MortalityLife ExpectancyInfant MortalityUnder-5 Mortality
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
195047.3
195147.6
195248.1
195348.2
195448.8
195549.1
195649.5
195749.2
195849.2
195950.1
19600.301.7050.8178.3254.7
19610.3051.6174.3246.9
19620.4052.3170.0238.8
19630.4053.1165.5230.6
19640.3053.6161.2222.8
19650.401.8054.1157.0215.3
19660.4054.6153.3208.5
19670.4055.2150.0202.3
19680.4055.6147.0196.6
19690.4056.2144.0191.0
19702.0056.7141.0185.6
197157.2138.1180.4
197258.0134.9175.0
197358.5131.5169.5
197459.0128.0163.9
19752.0059.5124.2158.0
197660.0120.2152.1
197760.8116.1146.2
197861.6111.9140.2
197962.2107.6134.1
19802.2027.0%62.7103.1128.0
198152.0%63.298.5121.9
198264.0%63.793.9115.8
198363.0%64.389.3109.7
198462.0%64.884.8103.9
19852.1061.0%56.065.380.498.3
19862.1064.0%53.065.976.293.0
19872.1067.0%50.066.472.288.0
19882.1082.0%47.066.968.383.1
19892.1071.0%44.067.464.678.4
19900.902.4078.0%42.067.860.973.9
19910.962.4073.0%41.068.357.369.4
19920.982.4078.0%40.068.653.865.2
19931.042.5072.0%39.069.050.461.1
19941.102.5076.0%38.069.447.257.1
19951.112.5065.0%37.069.744.153.4
19961.122.5072.0%36.070.241.249.8
19971.142.5079.0%35.070.738.346.4
19981.182.5081.0%34.071.135.643.1
19991.232.6082.0%34.070.833.140.1
20001.3087.0%32.071.930.737.2
20011.3691.0%31.072.328.534.5
20021.372.4583.0%30.072.626.432.0
20031.392.4475.0%29.072.924.429.6
20041.422.4381.0%28.073.222.527.4
20051.462.4791.0%27.073.520.925.3
20061.492.4998.0%26.073.819.323.5
20071.532.5296.0%25.074.117.921.8
20081.582.5697.0%24.074.416.720.3
20091.642.6097.0%23.074.715.518.9
20101.682.7397.0%23.075.014.517.6
20111.702.6298.0%23.074.813.616.6
20121.732.6696.0%21.075.612.815.6
20131.752.6498.0%20.076.212.114.7
20141.742.6594.0%20.076.511.514.0
20151.772.6297.0%19.076.511.013.3
20161.772.6798.0%19.076.610.512.7
20171.812.7296.0%18.077.010.112.2
20181.812.7596.0%17.077.59.711.7
20191.882.7897.0%17.077.79.411.3
20201.992.9295.0%19.076.59.110.9
20212.122.9496.0%20.075.78.810.6
20222.243.0195.0%21.077.68.510.2
20233.0595.0%15.077.29.813.8
202495.0%77.48.09.6

Environment

Environment summary
MetricLatestLatest YearStartPeakLow10y25yWorldContinentSourceTrend
Agricultural Land50.1%202347.4%196153.6%200547.4%1961+0.2 pts / 10y-1.7 pts / 25y25yn/an/aWorldBankWdi
Renewable Electricity35.4%202140.4%199046.2%199317.4%2008+10.1 pts / 10y-7.5 pts / 25y25yn/an/aWorldBankWdi
Fossil Fuel Energy0.0%202483.8%199091.4%20140.0%2016-91.4 pts / 10y-85.4 pts / 25y25yn/an/aWorldBankWdi
CO2 Emissions460,028202445,4591970460,707202145,4591970+104,647 / 10y+255,453 / 25y25y37,916,4475,832,517WorldBankWdi
CO2 per Capita5.3820241.2419705.4820211.241970+0.77 / 10y+2.21 / 25y25y4.696.80WorldBankWdi
Forest Area29.5%202325.7%199029.5%202325.7%1990+1.7 pts / 10y+3.4 pts / 25y25yn/an/aWorldBankWdi
Environment year by year 1816–2024 · 209 years · 6 metrics
Year Agricultural LandRenewable ElectricityFossil Fuel EnergyCO2 EmissionsCO2 per CapitaForest Area
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
196147.4%
196247.6%
196348.6%
196448.5%
196548.5%
196648.7%
196748.5%
196848.9%
196950.2%
197049.6%45,4591.24
197149.8%49,7721.33
197250.4%57,6971.50
197350.4%62,4941.59
197449.8%65,0601.62
197549.3%70,3731.71
197649.2%78,0661.86
197749.4%86,1102.01
197849.4%85,0411.95
197950.5%78,4471.76
198050.1%81,8261.80
198150.2%81,9891.77
198248.3%88,9141.88
198347.7%93,8531.94
198448.9%99,3822.00
198549.5%108,0222.13
198650.0%118,2862.28
198751.2%128,6612.43
198851.0%124,7132.31
198951.8%138,2332.51
199051.6%40.4%83.8%155,1642.7725.7%
199152.1%37.8%83.7%152,5222.6825.8%
199251.8%39.6%82.6%158,9692.7425.8%
199351.9%46.2%82.2%164,5312.7925.8%
199452.2%39.2%82.4%163,6182.7325.9%
199551.3%41.6%83.5%178,3762.9225.9%
199651.1%42.9%83.8%194,5273.1426.0%
199751.0%38.9%84.6%204,4503.2526.0%
199851.9%38.3%84.7%206,0043.2326.1%
199952.4%30.0%85.4%204,5743.1726.1%
200052.6%24.9%85.9%227,0563.4726.2%
200153.2%19.8%86.0%206,7303.1226.3%
200253.5%26.2%86.0%217,3783.2426.4%
200352.8%25.3%86.1%229,6963.3926.5%
200453.5%30.7%86.7%235,8833.4426.7%
200553.6%24.5%88.3%246,0903.5526.8%
200652.6%25.3%89.1%274,0013.9126.9%
200751.3%19.0%90.2%300,3324.2827.0%
200850.8%17.4%90.8%299,5504.2227.2%
200950.6%19.6%89.5%301,3774.1827.3%
201050.7%26.4%89.9%312,1724.2727.4%
201149.7%25.3%90.8%332,7694.4827.5%
201249.9%27.2%89.7%344,1584.5827.7%
201349.9%28.8%89.6%333,8744.3827.8%
201450.1%20.9%91.4%355,3814.6028.0%
201550.1%32.0%87.4%367,8434.7028.1%
201649.8%32.9%0.0%391,2634.9428.1%
201749.3%29.3%0.0%433,2205.3928.3%
201849.1%32.1%0.0%429,3435.2728.5%
201949.0%43.5%0.0%414,4785.0228.7%
202049.1%41.8%0.0%423,0915.0728.9%
202149.5%35.4%0.0%460,7075.4829.1%
202250.0%0.0%444,4085.2329.3%
202350.1%0.0%446,4395.2329.5%
20240.0%460,0285.38
Generated 2026-04-12T13:35:52.2339073Z
Sources: CiaWorldLeaders | ConstituteChronology | CountryPageNarrative | CowStateSystem | GeoBoundariesADM0 | Polity5 | Roster | SiteModernCountryData | UNWorldPopulationProspects | WorldBankMetadata | WorldBankWdi