During the late 18th and early 19th centuries, the principality of Gorkha united many of the other principalities and states of the sub-Himalayan region into a Nepali Kingdom. Nepal retained its independence after the Anglo-Nepalese War of 1814-16, and the subsequent peace treaty laid the foundations for two centuries of amicable relations between Britain and Nepal. In 1951, the Nepali monarch ended the century-old system of hereditary rule and instituted a cabinet system that brought political parties into the government. That arrangement lasted until 1960, when political parties were again banned, but it was reinstated in 1990 with the establishment of a multiparty democracy within the framework of a constitutional monarchy.
A Maoist-led insurgency broke out in 1996. During the ensuing 10-year civil war between Maoist and government forces, the monarchy dissolved the cabinet and parliament. In 2001, Crown Prince DIPENDRA first massacred the royal family and then shot himself. His brother GYANENDRA became king, and the monarchy reassumed absolute power the next year. A peace accord in 2006 led to the promulgation of an interim constitution in 2007. After a nationwide Constituent Assembly (CA) election in 2008, the newly formed CA declared Nepal a federal democratic republic, abolished the monarchy, and elected the country’s first president. When the CA failed to draft a Supreme Court-mandated constitution, then-Prime Minister Baburam BHATTARAI dissolved the CA. An interim government held elections in 2013, in which the Nepali Congress (NC) won the largest share of seats. In 2014, NC formed a coalition government with the second-place Communist Party of Nepal-Unified Marxist-Leninist (UML). Nepal’s new constitution came into effect in 2015, at which point the CA became the Parliament and Khagda Prasad Sharma OLI the first post-constitution prime minister (2015-16). He resigned ahead of a no-confidence motion, and Parliament elected Communist Party of Nepal-Maoist (CPN-M) leader Pushpa Kamal DAHAL as prime minister. The parties headed by OLI and DAHAL ran in coalition and swept the parliamentary elections in 2017, and OLI was sworn in as prime minister in 2018. OLI’s efforts to dissolve parliament and hold elections were declared unconstitutional in 2021, and the opposition-supported NC leader Sher Bahadur DEUBA was named prime minister. The NC won a majority of seats in the parliamentary elections in 2022, but DAHAL then broke with the ruling coalition and partnered with OLI and the CPN-UML to become prime minister. DAHAL’s first cabinet lasted about two months, until OLI withdrew his support over disagreements about ministerial assignments. In early 2023, DAHAL survived a vote of confidence and formed a coalition with the NC to remain prime minister.
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Demography
Demography summary
| Metric | Latest | Latest Year | Start | Peak | Low | 10y | 25y | World | Continent | Source | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Child Share | 28.4% | 2024 | 40.7%1960 | 41.5%1990 | 28.4%2024 | -5.2 pts / 10y | -12.7 pts / 25y25y | 24.8% | 22.7% | WorldBankWdi | |
| Fertility Rate | 1.96 | 2024 | 6.061950 | 6.091961 | 1.962024 | -0.36 / 10y | -2.17 / 25y25y | 2.17 | 1.81 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Elderly Share | 6.5% | 2024 | 3.0%1960 | 6.5%2024 | 3.0%1960 | +1.2 pts / 10y | +2.7 pts / 25y25y | 10.2% | 10.0% | WorldBankWdi | |
| Net Migration | -364,699 | 2025 | 3,8631950 | 182,2032019 | -409,7822023 | -143,637 / 10y | -217,506 / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| Working-Age Share | 65.1% | 2024 | 56.3%1960 | 65.1%2024 | 54.8%1990 | +4.0 pts / 10y | +10.0 pts / 25y25y | 65.1% | 67.4% | WorldBankWdi | |
| Population Growth | -0.1% | 2024 | 2.1%1950 | 2.8%1992 | -0.1%2024 | -0.4 pts / 10y | -2.0 pts / 25y25y | 1.0% | 0.7% | WorldBankWdi | |
| Population | 29.7M | 2024 | 5.4M1920 | 29.7M2022 | 5.3M1932 | +2.0M / 10y | +5.5M / 25y25y | 8.1B | 4.6B | WorldBankWdi | |
| Density | 200.3 | 2024 | 36.21920 | 201.92022 | 36.11932 | +12.3 / 10y | +36.4 / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | Derived | |
| Median Age | 24.7 | 2023 | 18.61950 | 24.72023 | 18.11990 | +3.9 / 10y | +6.5 / 25y25y | 30.8 | 31.9 | UNWorldPopulationProspects | |
| Urban Population | 66.8% | 2024 | 3.5%1960 | 66.8%2024 | 3.5%1960 | +2.2 pts / 10y | +37.3 pts / 25y25y | 57.4% | 52.3% | WorldBankWdi |
Demography year by year
| Year | Child Share | Fertility Rate | Elderly Share | Net Migration | Working-Age Share | Population Growth | Population | Density | Median Age | Urban Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1920 | 5.4M | 36.2 | ||||||||
| 1921 | 5.4M | 36.2 | ||||||||
| 1922 | 5.4M | 36.2 | ||||||||
| 1923 | 5.4M | 36.2 | ||||||||
| 1924 | 5.4M | 36.2 | ||||||||
| 1925 | 5.4M | 36.1 | ||||||||
| 1926 | 5.3M | 36.1 | ||||||||
| 1927 | 5.3M | 36.1 | ||||||||
| 1928 | 5.3M | 36.1 | ||||||||
| 1929 | 5.3M | 36.1 | ||||||||
| 1930 | 5.3M | 36.1 | ||||||||
| 1931 | 5.3M | 36.1 | ||||||||
| 1932 | 5.3M | 36.1 | ||||||||
| 1933 | 5.3M | 36.1 | ||||||||
| 1934 | 5.3M | 36.1 | ||||||||
| 1935 | 5.3M | 36.1 | ||||||||
| 1936 | 5.3M | 36.1 | ||||||||
| 1937 | 5.3M | 36.1 | ||||||||
| 1938 | 5.3M | 36.1 | ||||||||
| 1939 | 5.4M | 36.4 | ||||||||
| 1940 | 5.5M | 37.2 | ||||||||
| 1941 | 5.7M | 38.3 | ||||||||
| 1942 | 5.9M | 39.8 | ||||||||
| 1943 | 6.2M | 41.7 | ||||||||
| 1944 | 6.5M | 43.7 | ||||||||
| 1945 | 6.8M | 45.8 | ||||||||
| 1946 | 7.1M | 48.0 | ||||||||
| 1947 | 7.5M | 50.4 | ||||||||
| 1948 | 7.8M | 52.8 | ||||||||
| 1949 | 8.1M | 54.9 | ||||||||
| 1950 | 6.06 | 3,863 | 2.1% | 8.4M | 57.1 | 18.6 | ||||
| 1951 | 6.06 | 0 | 2.1% | 8.6M | 58.2 | 18.6 | ||||
| 1952 | 6.06 | -5,569 | 2.0% | 8.7M | 59.4 | 18.6 | ||||
| 1953 | 6.07 | -13,251 | 1.9% | 8.9M | 60.6 | 18.6 | ||||
| 1954 | 6.07 | -14,355 | 1.9% | 9.1M | 61.7 | 18.6 | ||||
| 1955 | 6.07 | -16,458 | 1.8% | 9.3M | 62.9 | 18.6 | ||||
| 1956 | 6.06 | -17,946 | 1.8% | 9.4M | 64.1 | 18.5 | ||||
| 1957 | 6.05 | -19,701 | 1.8% | 9.6M | 65.2 | 18.5 | ||||
| 1958 | 6.05 | -27,059 | 1.7% | 9.8M | 66.4 | 18.5 | ||||
| 1959 | 6.03 | -16,954 | 1.8% | 9.9M | 67.5 | 18.4 | ||||
| 1960 | 40.7% | 6.07 | 3.0% | -13,223 | 56.3% | 1.9% | 10.1M | 68.8 | 18.5 | 3.5% |
| 1961 | 40.7% | 6.09 | 3.0% | -10,601 | 56.3% | 1.9% | 10.3M | 70.1 | 18.5 | 3.6% |
| 1962 | 40.6% | 6.08 | 3.0% | -9,249 | 56.3% | 1.9% | 10.5M | 71.5 | 18.5 | 3.6% |
| 1963 | 40.5% | 6.06 | 3.1% | -8,303 | 56.4% | 2.0% | 10.7M | 72.9 | 18.6 | 3.7% |
| 1964 | 40.4% | 6.04 | 3.1% | -6,087 | 56.5% | 2.0% | 10.9M | 74.4 | 18.6 | 3.7% |
| 1965 | 40.4% | 6.01 | 3.1% | -1,551 | 56.5% | 2.1% | 11.2M | 75.9 | 18.6 | 3.7% |
| 1966 | 40.4% | 5.98 | 3.2% | -3,306 | 56.5% | 2.1% | 11.4M | 77.5 | 18.6 | 3.8% |
| 1967 | 40.3% | 5.95 | 3.2% | 347 | 56.5% | 2.1% | 11.7M | 79.2 | 18.6 | 3.8% |
| 1968 | 40.3% | 5.94 | 3.2% | -746 | 56.5% | 2.2% | 11.9M | 80.9 | 18.7 | 3.8% |
| 1969 | 40.3% | 5.89 | 3.2% | -527 | 56.4% | 2.2% | 12.2M | 82.7 | 18.7 | 3.9% |
| 1970 | 40.3% | 5.87 | 3.3% | 1,847 | 56.4% | 2.2% | 12.4M | 84.5 | 18.7 | 3.9% |
| 1971 | 40.4% | 5.85 | 3.3% | -7,284 | 56.3% | 2.2% | 12.7M | 86.4 | 18.7 | 4.0% |
| 1972 | 40.4% | 5.80 | 3.3% | -2,107 | 56.2% | 2.2% | 13.0M | 88.3 | 18.7 | 4.3% |
| 1973 | 40.5% | 5.70 | 3.4% | -1,076 | 56.2% | 2.2% | 13.3M | 90.2 | 18.7 | 5.1% |
| 1974 | 40.5% | 5.75 | 3.4% | -4,361 | 56.1% | 2.2% | 13.6M | 92.2 | 18.7 | 6.2% |
| 1975 | 40.6% | 5.73 | 3.4% | -6,686 | 56.0% | 2.2% | 13.9M | 94.2 | 18.7 | 7.5% |
| 1976 | 40.7% | 5.72 | 3.4% | -15,119 | 55.9% | 2.2% | 14.2M | 96.3 | 18.7 | 9.0% |
| 1977 | 40.7% | 5.69 | 3.4% | 2,108 | 55.8% | 2.2% | 14.5M | 98.5 | 18.6 | 10.5% |
| 1978 | 40.8% | 5.68 | 3.5% | 346 | 55.7% | 2.3% | 14.8M | 100.8 | 18.6 | 12.0% |
| 1979 | 40.8% | 5.64 | 3.5% | 88 | 55.7% | 2.3% | 15.2M | 103.2 | 18.6 | 13.4% |
| 1980 | 40.9% | 5.60 | 3.5% | 5,084 | 55.6% | 2.4% | 15.6M | 105.7 | 18.5 | 14.6% |
| 1981 | 40.9% | 5.58 | 3.5% | -4,855 | 55.6% | 2.3% | 15.9M | 108.2 | 18.5 | 15.5% |
| 1982 | 40.9% | 5.55 | 3.6% | -3,898 | 55.5% | 2.3% | 16.3M | 110.7 | 18.5 | 16.1% |
| 1983 | 41.0% | 5.54 | 3.6% | 1,304 | 55.5% | 2.4% | 16.7M | 113.4 | 18.5 | 16.6% |
| 1984 | 41.0% | 5.51 | 3.6% | -19,300 | 55.4% | 2.3% | 17.1M | 116.1 | 18.4 | 17.1% |
| 1985 | 41.1% | 5.46 | 3.6% | -30,154 | 55.3% | 2.3% | 17.5M | 118.8 | 18.4 | 17.5% |
| 1986 | 41.2% | 5.40 | 3.6% | -47,017 | 55.2% | 2.2% | 17.9M | 121.4 | 18.3 | 17.9% |
| 1987 | 41.3% | 5.35 | 3.6% | -72,437 | 55.1% | 2.1% | 18.3M | 124.0 | 18.3 | 18.3% |
| 1988 | 41.4% | 5.31 | 3.6% | -64,246 | 55.0% | 2.1% | 18.6M | 126.6 | 18.2 | 18.7% |
| 1989 | 41.5% | 5.26 | 3.6% | -39,808 | 54.8% | 2.2% | 19.1M | 129.5 | 18.1 | 19.2% |
| 1990 | 41.5% | 5.21 | 3.6% | -640 | 54.8% | 2.4% | 19.5M | 132.7 | 18.1 | 19.8% |
| 1991 | 41.5% | 5.15 | 3.7% | 17,056 | 54.9% | 2.6% | 20.0M | 136.1 | 18.1 | 20.4% |
| 1992 | 41.4% | 5.07 | 3.7% | 84,113 | 54.9% | 2.8% | 20.6M | 140.0 | 18.2 | 21.2% |
| 1993 | 41.3% | 5.04 | 3.7% | -37,782 | 55.0% | 2.7% | 21.2M | 143.9 | 18.2 | 22.0% |
| 1994 | 41.4% | 4.96 | 3.7% | -27,415 | 55.0% | 2.5% | 21.7M | 147.6 | 18.2 | 23.0% |
| 1995 | 41.4% | 4.87 | 3.7% | -86,232 | 54.9% | 2.4% | 22.2M | 151.1 | 18.1 | 24.1% |
| 1996 | 41.5% | 4.67 | 3.7% | -92,307 | 54.8% | 2.2% | 22.7M | 154.5 | 18.1 | 25.3% |
| 1997 | 41.4% | 4.44 | 3.7% | -98,454 | 54.9% | 2.1% | 23.2M | 157.8 | 18.1 | 26.6% |
| 1998 | 41.3% | 4.28 | 3.8% | -108,400 | 55.0% | 2.0% | 23.7M | 160.9 | 18.2 | 28.0% |
| 1999 | 41.1% | 4.13 | 3.8% | -122,551 | 55.1% | 1.9% | 24.1M | 163.9 | 18.2 | 29.5% |
| 2000 | 40.9% | 3.98 | 3.8% | -147,193 | 55.2% | 1.7% | 24.5M | 166.8 | 18.3 | 31.1% |
| 2001 | 40.7% | 3.79 | 3.9% | -148,973 | 55.4% | 1.6% | 24.9M | 169.5 | 18.3 | 32.8% |
| 2002 | 40.4% | 3.60 | 3.9% | -153,730 | 55.7% | 1.5% | 25.3M | 172.1 | 18.5 | 35.0% |
| 2003 | 40.0% | 3.44 | 4.0% | -168,314 | 56.0% | 1.4% | 25.7M | 174.5 | 18.6 | 38.0% |
| 2004 | 39.6% | 3.28 | 4.0% | -197,336 | 56.3% | 1.3% | 26.0M | 176.8 | 18.8 | 41.6% |
| 2005 | 39.2% | 3.12 | 4.1% | -211,024 | 56.7% | 1.1% | 26.3M | 178.8 | 19.0 | 45.5% |
| 2006 | 38.7% | 2.97 | 4.2% | -241,455 | 57.1% | 1.0% | 26.6M | 180.5 | 19.2 | 49.5% |
| 2007 | 38.1% | 2.86 | 4.4% | -252,526 | 57.6% | 0.8% | 26.8M | 182.0 | 19.5 | 53.4% |
| 2008 | 37.5% | 2.74 | 4.5% | -261,540 | 58.1% | 0.7% | 27.0M | 183.4 | 19.7 | 56.9% |
| 2009 | 36.7% | 2.63 | 4.6% | -266,144 | 58.6% | 0.7% | 27.2M | 184.6 | 20.0 | 59.9% |
| 2010 | 36.0% | 2.54 | 4.7% | -269,963 | 59.3% | 0.6% | 27.3M | 185.8 | 20.2 | 62.0% |
| 2011 | 35.3% | 2.46 | 4.9% | -347,552 | 59.8% | 0.4% | 27.5M | 186.6 | 20.4 | 63.1% |
| 2012 | 34.7% | 2.42 | 5.0% | -371,707 | 60.3% | 0.3% | 27.5M | 187.1 | 20.6 | 63.7% |
| 2013 | 34.2% | 2.36 | 5.2% | -373,064 | 60.6% | 0.2% | 27.6M | 187.5 | 20.8 | 64.1% |
| 2014 | 33.6% | 2.32 | 5.3% | -310,156 | 61.0% | 0.3% | 27.7M | 188.0 | 21.0 | 64.6% |
| 2015 | 33.0% | 2.27 | 5.5% | -221,062 | 61.5% | 0.5% | 27.8M | 189.0 | 21.2 | 65.0% |
| 2016 | 32.5% | 2.23 | 5.6% | -341,748 | 61.9% | 0.5% | 28.0M | 189.9 | 21.5 | 65.3% |
| 2017 | 32.1% | 2.17 | 5.8% | -368,787 | 62.2% | 0.2% | 28.0M | 190.3 | 21.8 | 65.6% |
| 2018 | 31.6% | 2.12 | 5.9% | -295,151 | 62.4% | 0.2% | 28.1M | 190.8 | 22.1 | 65.8% |
| 2019 | 30.9% | 2.08 | 6.0% | 182,203 | 63.0% | 1.2% | 28.4M | 193.1 | 22.7 | 66.0% |
| 2020 | 30.1% | 2.05 | 6.1% | 162,139 | 63.8% | 1.9% | 29.0M | 196.8 | 23.5 | 66.1% |
| 2021 | 29.4% | 2.03 | 6.1% | 130,001 | 64.5% | 1.7% | 29.5M | 200.3 | 24.0 | 66.1% |
| 2022 | 28.9% | 2.00 | 6.2% | -379,321 | 64.9% | 0.8% | 29.7M | 201.9 | 24.4 | 66.3% |
| 2023 | 28.7% | 1.98 | 6.4% | -409,782 | 64.9% | -0.1% | 29.7M | 201.8 | 24.7 | 66.5% |
| 2024 | 28.4% | 1.96 | 6.5% | -401,282 | 65.1% | -0.1% | 29.7M | 200.3 | 66.8% | |
| 2025 | -364,699 |
Economy
Economy summary
| Metric | Latest | Latest Year | Start | Peak | Low | 10y | 25y | World | Continent | Source | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labor Force Participation | 39.2% | 2025 | 41.6%1990 | 41.6%1993 | 39.2%2025 | -1.0 pts / 10y | -2.1 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| Unemployment | 10.5% | 2025 | 10.5%1991 | 13.0%2020 | 10.4%2023 | -0.2 pts / 10y | -0.1 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| Industry Value Added | 11.4% | 2024 | 10.9%1965 | 21.5%1996 | 7.9%1975 | -2.1 pts / 10y | -9.0 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| Agriculture Value Added | 21.9% | 2024 | 64.6%1965 | 69.0%1975 | 20.9%2022 | -5.6 pts / 10y | -16.8 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| Services Value Added | 55.2% | 2024 | 98.6%1960 | 98.6%1961 | 19.3%1975 | +5.7 pts / 10y | +20.6 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| GDP Growth | 3.7% | 2024 | 1.9%1961 | 9.7%1984 | -3.0%1983 | -2.3 pts / 10y | -0.7 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| GDP | $42.91B | 2024 | $508.33M1960 | $42.91B2024 | $496.10M1964 | +$20.18B / 10y | +$37.88B / 25y25y | $109.24T | $37.42T | WorldBankWdi | |
| GDP per Capita | $1K | 2024 | $501960 | $1K2024 | $451964 | +$626 / 10y | +$1K / 25y25y | $14K | $8K | WorldBankWdi | |
| Inflation | 4.7% | 2024 | 8.5%1965 | 19.8%1974 | -3.1%1976 | -3.7 pts / 10y | -2.8 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| GNI per Capita | $1K | 2024 | $501962 | $1K2024 | $501962 | +$610 / 10y | +$1K / 25y25y | $14K | $9K | WorldBankWdi |
Economy year by year
| Year | Labor Force Participation | Unemployment | Industry Value Added | Agriculture Value Added | Services Value Added | GDP Growth | GDP | GDP per Capita | Inflation | GNI per Capita |
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| 1960 | 98.6% | $508.33M | $50 | |||||||
| 1961 | 98.6% | 1.9% | $531.96M | $52 | ||||||
| 1962 | 98.6% | 1.9% | $574.09M | $55 | $50 | |||||
| 1963 | 98.6% | 1.9% | $496.95M | $46 | $50 | |||||
| 1964 | 98.6% | 7.5% | $496.10M | $45 | $50 | |||||
| 1965 | 10.9% | 64.6% | 23.2% | -1.2% | $735.27M | $66 | 8.5% | $50 | ||
| 1966 | 9.0% | 68.7% | 19.7% | 7.0% | $906.81M | $79 | 14.4% | $60 | ||
| 1967 | 9.8% | 66.2% | 22.5% | -1.6% | $841.97M | $72 | -2.8% | $70 | ||
| 1968 | 10.1% | 67.4% | 21.0% | 0.7% | $772.23M | $65 | 1.2% | $70 | ||
| 1969 | 10.4% | 66.4% | 21.2% | 4.5% | $788.64M | $65 | 4.1% | $70 | ||
| 1970 | 11.5% | 66.9% | 21.0% | 2.6% | $865.98M | $70 | 15.2% | $70 | ||
| 1971 | 9.1% | 66.8% | 22.2% | -1.2% | $882.77M | $69 | -2.0% | $70 | ||
| 1972 | 9.1% | 67.8% | 20.8% | 3.1% | $1.02B | $79 | 8.4% | $80 | ||
| 1973 | 9.6% | 65.3% | 23.0% | -0.5% | $972.10M | $73 | 11.4% | $80 | ||
| 1974 | 8.7% | 68.4% | 19.9% | 6.3% | $1.22B | $90 | 19.8% | $100 | ||
| 1975 | 7.9% | 69.0% | 19.3% | 1.5% | $1.58B | $114 | 7.6% | $110 | ||
| 1976 | 8.4% | 66.1% | 20.8% | 4.4% | $1.45B | $102 | -3.1% | $110 | ||
| 1977 | 10.5% | 60.1% | 23.4% | 3.0% | $1.38B | $95 | 9.9% | $110 | ||
| 1978 | 11.1% | 58.9% | 23.4% | 4.4% | $1.60B | $108 | 7.3% | $110 | ||
| 1979 | 11.2% | 60.2% | 22.2% | 2.4% | $1.85B | $122 | 3.6% | $120 | ||
| 1980 | 11.2% | 57.9% | 24.7% | -2.3% | $1.95B | $125 | 14.7% | $130 | ||
| 1981 | 11.5% | 56.8% | 24.9% | 8.3% | $2.28B | $143 | 11.1% | $150 | ||
| 1982 | 12.0% | 57.2% | 24.5% | 3.8% | $2.40B | $147 | 11.7% | $150 | ||
| 1983 | 12.0% | 56.5% | 25.2% | -3.0% | $2.45B | $147 | 12.4% | $140 | ||
| 1984 | 11.8% | 57.3% | 24.8% | 9.7% | $2.58B | $151 | 2.8% | $150 | ||
| 1985 | 14.3% | 48.9% | 31.4% | 6.1% | $2.62B | $150 | 8.1% | $160 | ||
| 1986 | 15.0% | 48.7% | 30.9% | 4.6% | $2.85B | $160 | 19.0% | $160 | ||
| 1987 | 15.0% | 48.0% | 31.6% | 1.7% | $2.96B | $162 | 10.8% | $170 | ||
| 1988 | 15.2% | 47.8% | 30.9% | 7.7% | $3.49B | $187 | 9.0% | $200 | ||
| 1989 | 15.7% | 47.7% | 31.3% | 4.3% | $3.53B | $185 | 8.8% | $200 | ||
| 1990 | 41.6% | 15.3% | 48.8% | 30.4% | 4.6% | $3.63B | $186 | 8.2% | $200 | |
| 1991 | 41.5% | 10.5% | 16.4% | 44.7% | 33.6% | 6.4% | $3.92B | $196 | 15.6% | $200 |
| 1992 | 41.6% | 10.5% | 19.4% | 42.7% | 33.0% | 4.1% | $3.40B | $165 | 17.1% | $190 |
| 1993 | 41.6% | 10.5% | 19.5% | 39.9% | 35.1% | 3.8% | $3.66B | $173 | 7.5% | $190 |
| 1994 | 41.5% | 10.5% | 20.4% | 40.4% | 33.1% | 8.2% | $4.07B | $187 | 8.3% | $190 |
| 1995 | 41.5% | 10.5% | 21.3% | 39.0% | 33.2% | 3.5% | $4.40B | $198 | 7.6% | $200 |
| 1996 | 41.5% | 10.4% | 21.5% | 38.9% | 33.4% | 5.3% | $4.52B | $199 | 9.2% | $210 |
| 1997 | 41.4% | 10.5% | 21.4% | 38.8% | 33.4% | 5.0% | $4.92B | $212 | 4.0% | $210 |
| 1998 | 41.4% | 10.5% | 21.1% | 37.4% | 35.2% | 3.0% | $4.86B | $205 | 11.2% | $200 |
| 1999 | 41.4% | 10.5% | 20.4% | 38.7% | 34.6% | 4.4% | $5.03B | $209 | 7.5% | $210 |
| 2000 | 41.4% | 10.5% | 20.7% | 38.2% | 34.7% | 6.2% | $5.49B | $224 | 2.5% | $220 |
| 2001 | 41.3% | 10.5% | 16.7% | 35.2% | 44.5% | 4.8% | $6.01B | $241 | 2.7% | $230 |
| 2002 | 41.3% | 10.6% | 16.9% | 36.2% | 43.6% | 0.1% | $6.05B | $239 | 3.0% | $230 |
| 2003 | 41.3% | 10.6% | 17.0% | 35.1% | 44.1% | 3.9% | $6.33B | $246 | 5.7% | $250 |
| 2004 | 41.3% | 10.7% | 16.7% | 34.7% | 45.2% | 4.7% | $7.27B | $280 | 2.8% | $280 |
| 2005 | 41.2% | 10.6% | 16.5% | 33.8% | 45.8% | 3.5% | $8.13B | $309 | 6.8% | $300 |
| 2006 | 41.2% | 10.6% | 16.1% | 32.4% | 47.9% | 3.4% | $9.04B | $340 | 6.9% | $330 |
| 2007 | 41.1% | 10.6% | 15.9% | 31.2% | 48.8% | 3.4% | $10.33B | $385 | 2.3% | $370 |
| 2008 | 41.0% | 10.6% | 16.0% | 30.3% | 49.2% | 6.1% | $12.55B | $465 | 9.9% | $430 |
| 2009 | 41.0% | 10.6% | 15.1% | 31.3% | 48.6% | 4.5% | $12.85B | $473 | 11.1% | $480 |
| 2010 | 40.9% | 10.6% | 14.2% | 33.2% | 46.4% | 4.8% | $16.00B | $585 | 9.3% | $530 |
| 2011 | 40.8% | 10.6% | 13.4% | 30.8% | 47.9% | 3.4% | $21.57B | $786 | 9.2% | $620 |
| 2012 | 40.7% | 10.6% | 14.0% | 30.1% | 48.0% | 4.7% | $21.70B | $788 | 9.5% | $750 |
| 2013 | 40.5% | 10.7% | 13.8% | 28.6% | 48.8% | 3.5% | $22.16B | $803 | 9.0% | $840 |
| 2014 | 40.3% | 10.6% | 13.6% | 27.5% | 49.6% | 6.0% | $22.73B | $821 | 8.4% | $860 |
| 2015 | 40.2% | 10.6% | 13.2% | 26.5% | 50.5% | 4.0% | $24.36B | $876 | 7.9% | $870 |
| 2016 | 40.1% | 10.7% | 12.7% | 25.5% | 51.6% | 0.4% | $24.52B | $877 | 8.8% | $860 |
| 2017 | 39.9% | 10.7% | 12.9% | 23.7% | 51.8% | 9.0% | $28.97B | $1K | 2.8% | $970 |
| 2018 | 39.7% | 10.6% | 13.2% | 22.3% | 51.6% | 7.6% | $33.11B | $1K | 4.4% | $1K |
| 2019 | 39.8% | 10.5% | 13.0% | 21.6% | 52.0% | 6.7% | $34.19B | $1K | 5.6% | $1K |
| 2020 | 39.4% | 13.0% | 12.0% | 22.2% | 53.9% | -2.4% | $33.43B | $1K | 5.1% | $1K |
| 2021 | 39.5% | 12.2% | 11.8% | 22.0% | 51.5% | 4.8% | $36.92B | $1K | 4.1% | $1K |
| 2022 | 39.4% | 10.7% | 12.2% | 20.9% | 52.4% | 5.6% | $41.18B | $1K | 7.7% | $1K |
| 2023 | 39.4% | 10.4% | 12.0% | 21.3% | 55.4% | 2.0% | $41.05B | $1K | 7.1% | $1K |
| 2024 | 39.3% | 10.5% | 11.4% | 21.9% | 55.2% | 3.7% | $42.91B | $1K | 4.7% | $1K |
| 2025 | 39.2% | 10.5% |
Trade
Trade summary
| Metric | Latest | Latest Year | Start | Peak | Low | 10y | 25y | World | Continent | Source | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trade Openness | 40.5% | 2024 | 21.7%1965 | 64.0%1997 | 13.2%1970 | -5.5 pts / 10y | -12.0 pts / 25y25y | 54.7% | 52.7% | Derived | |
| Imports | $14.12B | 2024 | $102.38M1965 | $17.41B2022 | $57.92M1968 | +$5.97B / 10y | +$12.63B / 25y25y | $29.11T | $9.24T | WorldBankWdi | |
| Exports | $3.27B | 2024 | $57.09M1965 | $3.27B2024 | $42.47M1970 | +$969.52M / 10y | +$2.12B / 25y25y | $29.85T | $9.92T | WorldBankWdi |
Trade year by year
| Year | Trade Openness | Imports | Exports |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1920 | |||
| 1921 | |||
| 1922 | |||
| 1923 | |||
| 1924 | |||
| 1925 | |||
| 1926 | |||
| 1927 | |||
| 1928 | |||
| 1929 | |||
| 1930 | |||
| 1931 | |||
| 1932 | |||
| 1933 | |||
| 1934 | |||
| 1935 | |||
| 1936 | |||
| 1937 | |||
| 1938 | |||
| 1939 | |||
| 1940 | |||
| 1941 | |||
| 1942 | |||
| 1943 | |||
| 1944 | |||
| 1945 | |||
| 1946 | |||
| 1947 | |||
| 1948 | |||
| 1949 | |||
| 1950 | |||
| 1951 | |||
| 1952 | |||
| 1953 | |||
| 1954 | |||
| 1955 | |||
| 1956 | |||
| 1957 | |||
| 1958 | |||
| 1959 | |||
| 1960 | |||
| 1961 | |||
| 1962 | |||
| 1963 | |||
| 1964 | |||
| 1965 | 21.7% | $102.38M | $57.09M |
| 1966 | 14.4% | $79.41M | $51.19M |
| 1967 | 13.8% | $58.54M | $57.88M |
| 1968 | 14.3% | $57.92M | $52.86M |
| 1969 | 17.2% | $80.59M | $55.31M |
| 1970 | 13.2% | $71.90M | $42.47M |
| 1971 | 14.5% | $80.59M | $47.70M |
| 1972 | 13.6% | $81.09M | $57.98M |
| 1973 | 17.0% | $100.83M | $64.26M |
| 1974 | 16.0% | $128.47M | $66.38M |
| 1975 | 22.3% | $210.63M | $140.26M |
| 1976 | 25.0% | $205.97M | $156.52M |
| 1977 | 26.1% | $197.92M | $162.96M |
| 1978 | 26.0% | $248.20M | $169.59M |
| 1979 | 27.8% | $295.58M | $218.17M |
| 1980 | 30.3% | $364.50M | $224.58M |
| 1981 | 32.5% | $446.42M | $293.58M |
| 1982 | 30.4% | $450.51M | $277.67M |
| 1983 | 31.5% | $521.62M | $250.37M |
| 1984 | 30.1% | $502.02M | $274.96M |
| 1985 | 31.5% | $523.97M | $302.06M |
| 1986 | 32.0% | $578.79M | $332.47M |
| 1987 | 32.7% | $618.26M | $349.35M |
| 1988 | 33.8% | $780.46M | $399.16M |
| 1989 | 33.4% | $785.54M | $390.16M |
| 1990 | 32.2% | $785.78M | $381.88M |
| 1991 | 34.7% | $909.17M | $450.61M |
| 1992 | 41.7% | $875.33M | $542.82M |
| 1993 | 47.2% | $1.05B | $674.65M |
| 1994 | 50.4% | $1.28B | $772.44M |
| 1995 | 59.5% | $1.52B | $1.10B |
| 1996 | 58.5% | $1.61B | $1.03B |
| 1997 | 64.0% | $1.85B | $1.29B |
| 1998 | 56.7% | $1.65B | $1.11B |
| 1999 | 52.6% | $1.50B | $1.15B |
| 2000 | 55.7% | $1.78B | $1.28B |
| 2001 | 55.8% | $2.00B | $1.36B |
| 2002 | 46.2% | $1.72B | $1.07B |
| 2003 | 44.2% | $1.81B | $993.88M |
| 2004 | 46.1% | $2.14B | $1.21B |
| 2005 | 44.1% | $2.40B | $1.19B |
| 2006 | 44.8% | $2.83B | $1.22B |
| 2007 | 44.6% | $3.28B | $1.33B |
| 2008 | 46.0% | $4.17B | $1.60B |
| 2009 | 47.1% | $4.46B | $1.60B |
| 2010 | 46.0% | $5.83B | $1.53B |
| 2011 | 36.3% | $6.15B | $1.68B |
| 2012 | 37.9% | $6.33B | $1.90B |
| 2013 | 41.9% | $7.22B | $2.06B |
| 2014 | 46.0% | $8.15B | $2.30B |
| 2015 | 46.7% | $8.88B | $2.49B |
| 2016 | 42.1% | $8.32B | $2.01B |
| 2017 | 44.6% | $10.67B | $2.26B |
| 2018 | 48.4% | $13.45B | $2.59B |
| 2019 | 49.2% | $14.18B | $2.66B |
| 2020 | 40.9% | $11.41B | $2.28B |
| 2021 | 43.1% | $14.01B | $1.89B |
| 2022 | 49.0% | $17.41B | $2.76B |
| 2023 | 41.6% | $14.19B | $2.88B |
| 2024 | 40.5% | $14.12B | $3.27B |
Connectivity
Connectivity summary
| Metric | Latest | Latest Year | Start | Peak | Low | 10y | 25y | World | Continent | Source | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fixed Broadband | 10.1 | 2024 | 0.02006 | 10.72023 | 0.02006 | +9.2 / 10y | +10.1 / 18y18y | 19.9 | 20.3 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Secure Servers | 541.2 | 2024 | 0.92010 | 642.62023 | 0.92010 | +537.7 / 10y | +540.4 / 14y14y | 16,260.9 | 2,746.0 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Mobile Subscriptions | 99.8 | 2024 | 0.01960 | 139.52018 | 0.01960 | +16.7 / 10y | +99.8 / 25y25y | 110.2 | 109.5 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Internet Users | 46.3% | 2024 | 0.0%1990 | 46.3%2024 | 0.0%1990 | +30.9 pts / 10y | +46.2 pts / 25y25y | 72.6% | 76.1% | WorldBankWdi | |
| Electricity Access | 94.0% | 2023 | 17.9%1996 | 94.0%2023 | 17.9%1996 | +16.6 pts / 10y | +72.3 pts / 25y25y | 91.6% | 98.6% | WorldBankWdi |
Connectivity year by year
| Year | Fixed Broadband | Secure Servers | Mobile Subscriptions | Internet Users | Electricity Access |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1920 | |||||
| 1921 | |||||
| 1922 | |||||
| 1923 | |||||
| 1924 | |||||
| 1925 | |||||
| 1926 | |||||
| 1927 | |||||
| 1928 | |||||
| 1929 | |||||
| 1930 | |||||
| 1931 | |||||
| 1932 | |||||
| 1933 | |||||
| 1934 | |||||
| 1935 | |||||
| 1936 | |||||
| 1937 | |||||
| 1938 | |||||
| 1939 | |||||
| 1940 | |||||
| 1941 | |||||
| 1942 | |||||
| 1943 | |||||
| 1944 | |||||
| 1945 | |||||
| 1946 | |||||
| 1947 | |||||
| 1948 | |||||
| 1949 | |||||
| 1950 | |||||
| 1951 | |||||
| 1952 | |||||
| 1953 | |||||
| 1954 | |||||
| 1955 | |||||
| 1956 | |||||
| 1957 | |||||
| 1958 | |||||
| 1959 | |||||
| 1960 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1961 | |||||
| 1962 | |||||
| 1963 | |||||
| 1964 | |||||
| 1965 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1966 | |||||
| 1967 | |||||
| 1968 | |||||
| 1969 | |||||
| 1970 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1971 | |||||
| 1972 | |||||
| 1973 | |||||
| 1974 | |||||
| 1975 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1976 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1977 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1978 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1979 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1980 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1981 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1982 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1983 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1984 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1985 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1986 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1987 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1988 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1989 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1990 | 0.0 | 0.0% | |||
| 1991 | 0.0 | 0.0% | |||
| 1992 | 0.0 | 0.0% | |||
| 1993 | 0.0 | 0.0% | |||
| 1994 | 0.0 | 0.0% | |||
| 1995 | 0.0 | 0.0% | |||
| 1996 | 0.0 | 0.0% | 17.9% | ||
| 1997 | 0.0 | 0.0% | 18.1% | ||
| 1998 | 0.0 | 0.1% | 21.7% | ||
| 1999 | 0.0 | 0.1% | 25.3% | ||
| 2000 | 0.0 | 0.2% | 29.9% | ||
| 2001 | 0.1 | 0.2% | 24.6% | ||
| 2002 | 0.1 | 0.3% | 36.4% | ||
| 2003 | 0.3 | 0.4% | 39.6% | ||
| 2004 | 0.4 | 0.4% | 37.2% | ||
| 2005 | 0.9 | 0.8% | 46.1% | ||
| 2006 | 0.0 | 4.4 | 1.1% | 51.2% | |
| 2007 | 0.0 | 12.2 | 1.4% | 52.6% | |
| 2008 | 0.0 | 15.6 | 1.7% | 56.0% | |
| 2009 | 0.1 | 20.6 | 2.0% | 59.3% | |
| 2010 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 33.6 | 7.9% | 68.6% |
| 2011 | 0.3 | 1.3 | 48.6 | 9.0% | 67.3% |
| 2012 | 0.8 | 2.3 | 60.3 | 11.1% | 75.2% |
| 2013 | 1.1 | 2.9 | 77.4 | 13.3% | 77.4% |
| 2014 | 0.9 | 3.6 | 83.2 | 15.4% | 84.9% |
| 2015 | 1.1 | 5.3 | 98.9 | 17.6% | 82.0% |
| 2016 | 0.8 | 18.2 | 114.9 | 20.7% | 90.7% |
| 2017 | 1.8 | 156.1 | 128.9 | 24.3% | 86.6% |
| 2018 | 2.8 | 182.6 | 139.5 | 28.6% | 93.9% |
| 2019 | 3.6 | 190.2 | 136.2 | 33.3% | 89.9% |
| 2020 | 4.4 | 210.4 | 131.9 | 37.0% | 89.9% |
| 2021 | 4.3 | 269.8 | 129.6 | 41.0% | 89.9% |
| 2022 | 8.5 | 359.5 | 121.1 | 45.5% | 91.3% |
| 2023 | 10.7 | 642.6 | 117.8 | 45.8% | 94.0% |
| 2024 | 10.1 | 541.2 | 99.8 | 46.3% |
Education
Education summary
| Metric | Latest | Latest Year | Start | Peak | Low | 10y | 25y | World | Continent | Source | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adult Literacy | 68.7% | 2019 | 20.6%1981 | 68.7%2019 | 20.6%1981 | +13.1 pts / 10y | +35.7 pts / 25y25y | 79.2% | 77.4% | WorldBankWdi | |
| Researchers | 59.7 | 2002 | 59.72002 | 59.72002 | 59.72002 | start | 1,454.0 | 926.6 | WorldBankWdi | ||
| Secondary Enrollment | 90.4% | 2024 | 17.7%1981 | 90.4%2024 | 17.7%1981 | +22.9 pts / 10y | +57.2 pts / 25y25y | 83.4% | 78.3% | WorldBankWdi | |
| Tertiary Enrollment | 21.3% | 2024 | 3.4%1981 | 21.3%2024 | 3.0%1983 | +8.1 pts / 10y | +16.6 pts / 25y25y | 51.1% | 50.4% | WorldBankWdi |
Education year by year
| Year | Adult Literacy | Researchers | Secondary Enrollment | Tertiary Enrollment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1920 | ||||
| 1921 | ||||
| 1922 | ||||
| 1923 | ||||
| 1924 | ||||
| 1925 | ||||
| 1926 | ||||
| 1927 | ||||
| 1928 | ||||
| 1929 | ||||
| 1930 | ||||
| 1931 | ||||
| 1932 | ||||
| 1933 | ||||
| 1934 | ||||
| 1935 | ||||
| 1936 | ||||
| 1937 | ||||
| 1938 | ||||
| 1939 | ||||
| 1940 | ||||
| 1941 | ||||
| 1942 | ||||
| 1943 | ||||
| 1944 | ||||
| 1945 | ||||
| 1946 | ||||
| 1947 | ||||
| 1948 | ||||
| 1949 | ||||
| 1950 | ||||
| 1951 | ||||
| 1952 | ||||
| 1953 | ||||
| 1954 | ||||
| 1955 | ||||
| 1956 | ||||
| 1957 | ||||
| 1958 | ||||
| 1959 | ||||
| 1960 | ||||
| 1961 | ||||
| 1962 | ||||
| 1963 | ||||
| 1964 | ||||
| 1965 | ||||
| 1966 | ||||
| 1967 | ||||
| 1968 | ||||
| 1969 | ||||
| 1970 | ||||
| 1971 | ||||
| 1972 | ||||
| 1973 | ||||
| 1974 | ||||
| 1975 | ||||
| 1976 | ||||
| 1977 | ||||
| 1978 | ||||
| 1979 | ||||
| 1980 | ||||
| 1981 | 20.6% | 17.7% | 3.4% | |
| 1982 | 20.4% | 3.3% | ||
| 1983 | 22.4% | 3.0% | ||
| 1984 | 23.8% | 3.4% | ||
| 1985 | 25.5% | 3.2% | ||
| 1986 | 27.0% | 4.5% | ||
| 1987 | 28.3% | 4.7% | ||
| 1988 | 29.2% | 5.3% | ||
| 1989 | 30.9% | 5.5% | ||
| 1990 | 32.0% | 4.9% | ||
| 1991 | 33.0% | 34.0% | 5.7% | |
| 1992 | 36.6% | 5.2% | ||
| 1993 | 37.9% | 5.0% | ||
| 1994 | 38.4% | 4.6% | ||
| 1995 | 40.2% | 4.3% | ||
| 1996 | 43.2% | 4.7% | ||
| 1997 | ||||
| 1998 | ||||
| 1999 | 33.1% | |||
| 2000 | 34.4% | 4.1% | ||
| 2001 | 48.6% | 37.4% | 4.4% | |
| 2002 | 59.7 | 41.1% | 5.0% | |
| 2003 | 42.1% | 4.9% | ||
| 2004 | 5.7% | |||
| 2005 | 45.1% | 7.2% | ||
| 2006 | 42.5% | 7.6% | ||
| 2007 | 42.1% | 9.5% | ||
| 2008 | 55.6% | 48.0% | 10.5% | |
| 2009 | 49.3% | 10.4% | ||
| 2010 | 55.6% | 13.3% | ||
| 2011 | 59.6% | 59.0% | 13.3% | |
| 2012 | 63.1% | |||
| 2013 | 65.5% | 15.5% | ||
| 2014 | 67.5% | 13.2% | ||
| 2015 | 68.6% | 12.3% | ||
| 2016 | 65.5% | 71.8% | 11.1% | |
| 2017 | 66.9% | 74.4% | 11.4% | |
| 2018 | 12.6% | |||
| 2019 | 68.7% | 80.3% | 13.8% | |
| 2020 | 85.3% | 14.2% | ||
| 2021 | 83.9% | 15.2% | ||
| 2022 | 84.1% | 14.8% | ||
| 2023 | 89.9% | 19.0% | ||
| 2024 | 90.4% | 21.3% |
Health
Health summary
| Metric | Latest | Latest Year | Start | Peak | Low | 10y | 25y | World | Continent | Source | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physicians | 1.01 | 2023 | 0.011960 | 1.012023 | 0.011960 | +0.46 / 10y | +0.97 / 25y25y | 1.41 | 1.04 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Hospital Beds | 0.54 | 2023 | 0.121960 | 0.542023 | 0.121960 | +0.28 / 10y | +0.37 / 25y25y | 4.14 | 4.16 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Measles Immunization | 97.0% | 2024 | 2.0%1981 | 97.0%2024 | 2.0%1981 | +9.0 pts / 10y | +16.0 pts / 25y25y | 88.9% | 93.1% | WorldBankWdi | |
| Maternal Mortality | 142.0 | 2023 | 1,186.01985 | 1,186.01985 | 139.02022 | -116.0 / 10y | -380.0 / 25y25y | 111.8 | 66.6 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Life Expectancy | 70.6 | 2024 | 37.61950 | 70.62024 | 37.61950 | +2.8 / 10y | +8.6 / 25y25y | 73.4 | 74.5 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Infant Mortality | 22.2 | 2024 | 219.41960 | 219.41960 | 22.22024 | -11.7 / 10y | -43.1 / 25y25y | 19.0 | 16.4 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Under-5 Mortality | 25.1 | 2024 | 329.51960 | 329.51960 | 25.12024 | -14.6 / 10y | -58.5 / 25y25y | 24.7 | 19.3 | WorldBankWdi |
Health year by year
| Year | Physicians | Hospital Beds | Measles Immunization | Maternal Mortality | Life Expectancy | Infant Mortality | Under-5 Mortality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1920 | |||||||
| 1921 | |||||||
| 1922 | |||||||
| 1923 | |||||||
| 1924 | |||||||
| 1925 | |||||||
| 1926 | |||||||
| 1927 | |||||||
| 1928 | |||||||
| 1929 | |||||||
| 1930 | |||||||
| 1931 | |||||||
| 1932 | |||||||
| 1933 | |||||||
| 1934 | |||||||
| 1935 | |||||||
| 1936 | |||||||
| 1937 | |||||||
| 1938 | |||||||
| 1939 | |||||||
| 1940 | |||||||
| 1941 | |||||||
| 1942 | |||||||
| 1943 | |||||||
| 1944 | |||||||
| 1945 | |||||||
| 1946 | |||||||
| 1947 | |||||||
| 1948 | |||||||
| 1949 | |||||||
| 1950 | 37.6 | ||||||
| 1951 | 37.6 | ||||||
| 1952 | 37.7 | ||||||
| 1953 | 37.7 | ||||||
| 1954 | 37.8 | ||||||
| 1955 | 37.9 | ||||||
| 1956 | 37.9 | ||||||
| 1957 | 38.0 | ||||||
| 1958 | 38.1 | ||||||
| 1959 | 38.4 | ||||||
| 1960 | 0.01 | 0.12 | 38.7 | 219.4 | 329.5 | ||
| 1961 | 39.0 | 217.2 | 325.4 | ||||
| 1962 | 39.3 | 214.3 | 320.4 | ||||
| 1963 | 39.6 | 211.0 | 314.7 | ||||
| 1964 | 40.2 | 207.0 | 308.2 | ||||
| 1965 | 0.02 | 40.7 | 202.8 | 301.3 | |||
| 1966 | 41.2 | 198.4 | 294.3 | ||||
| 1967 | 41.7 | 194.0 | 287.4 | ||||
| 1968 | 42.2 | 189.7 | 280.6 | ||||
| 1969 | 42.7 | 185.7 | 274.1 | ||||
| 1970 | 0.02 | 0.14 | 43.2 | 181.7 | 267.8 | ||
| 1971 | 43.6 | 178.0 | 261.8 | ||||
| 1972 | 44.1 | 174.3 | 256.0 | ||||
| 1973 | 44.5 | 170.8 | 250.3 | ||||
| 1974 | 44.9 | 167.4 | 244.7 | ||||
| 1975 | 0.02 | 0.14 | 45.5 | 163.9 | 239.0 | ||
| 1976 | 46.0 | 160.5 | 233.3 | ||||
| 1977 | 46.6 | 156.8 | 227.3 | ||||
| 1978 | 47.2 | 153.1 | 221.2 | ||||
| 1979 | 47.8 | 149.1 | 214.7 | ||||
| 1980 | 0.03 | 0.18 | 48.3 | 145.1 | 208.1 | ||
| 1981 | 2.0% | 48.7 | 141.0 | 201.4 | |||
| 1982 | 2.0% | 49.2 | 137.0 | 194.7 | |||
| 1983 | 11.0% | 49.7 | 132.9 | 188.0 | |||
| 1984 | 0.03 | 24.0% | 50.2 | 128.8 | 181.3 | ||
| 1985 | 0.03 | 0.18 | 34.0% | 1,186.0 | 50.9 | 124.6 | 174.5 |
| 1986 | 37.0% | 1,143.0 | 51.6 | 120.2 | 167.4 | ||
| 1987 | 0.05 | 0.23 | 37.0% | 1,088.0 | 52.4 | 115.7 | 160.2 |
| 1988 | 0.05 | 0.24 | 58.0% | 1,038.0 | 53.1 | 111.1 | 153.0 |
| 1989 | 0.05 | 0.24 | 57.0% | 973.0 | 54.0 | 106.4 | 145.7 |
| 1990 | 0.05 | 0.24 | 57.0% | 920.0 | 54.8 | 101.8 | 138.4 |
| 1991 | 0.06 | 0.24 | 57.0% | 850.0 | 55.7 | 97.1 | 131.3 |
| 1992 | 0.08 | 0.24 | 58.0% | 768.0 | 56.7 | 92.5 | 124.3 |
| 1993 | 0.07 | 0.24 | 58.0% | 703.0 | 57.6 | 88.2 | 117.7 |
| 1994 | 0.23 | 58.0% | 657.0 | 58.6 | 84.0 | 111.4 | |
| 1995 | 0.04 | 0.17 | 56.0% | 625.0 | 59.3 | 80.0 | 105.3 |
| 1996 | 0.04 | 0.16 | 65.0% | 584.0 | 60.0 | 76.1 | 99.5 |
| 1997 | 0.04 | 0.17 | 73.0% | 550.0 | 60.8 | 72.4 | 94.0 |
| 1998 | 0.04 | 67.0% | 522.0 | 61.5 | 68.8 | 88.7 | |
| 1999 | 0.20 | 81.0% | 512.0 | 62.0 | 65.3 | 83.6 | |
| 2000 | 71.0% | 480.0 | 62.6 | 62.0 | 78.7 | ||
| 2001 | 0.05 | 0.21 | 71.0% | 443.0 | 63.3 | 58.8 | 74.3 |
| 2002 | 0.21 | 71.0% | 414.0 | 63.5 | 56.0 | 70.2 | |
| 2003 | 0.20 | 75.0% | 387.0 | 64.2 | 53.3 | 66.5 | |
| 2004 | 0.21 | 0.20 | 73.0% | 364.0 | 64.7 | 51.0 | 63.1 |
| 2005 | 0.26 | 74.0% | 344.0 | 65.3 | 48.8 | 60.0 | |
| 2006 | 0.26 | 85.0% | 318.0 | 65.9 | 46.9 | 57.3 | |
| 2007 | 0.26 | 81.0% | 309.0 | 66.2 | 45.0 | 54.7 | |
| 2008 | 0.26 | 79.0% | 302.0 | 66.4 | 43.3 | 52.4 | |
| 2009 | 0.26 | 90.0% | 299.0 | 66.6 | 41.7 | 50.1 | |
| 2010 | 0.25 | 86.0% | 297.0 | 66.8 | 40.1 | 47.9 | |
| 2011 | 0.26 | 88.0% | 286.0 | 67.1 | 38.5 | 45.8 | |
| 2012 | 0.51 | 0.26 | 86.0% | 272.0 | 67.4 | 36.9 | 43.7 |
| 2013 | 0.55 | 0.26 | 88.0% | 258.0 | 67.6 | 35.4 | 41.7 |
| 2014 | 0.27 | 88.0% | 245.0 | 67.8 | 33.9 | 39.7 | |
| 2015 | 0.25 | 85.0% | 236.0 | 67.4 | 32.4 | 37.8 | |
| 2016 | 0.28 | 83.0% | 214.0 | 68.4 | 31.0 | 36.0 | |
| 2017 | 0.68 | 0.29 | 90.0% | 197.0 | 68.7 | 29.6 | 34.2 |
| 2018 | 0.75 | 0.29 | 91.0% | 183.0 | 69.0 | 28.3 | 32.6 |
| 2019 | 0.82 | 0.29 | 92.0% | 170.0 | 69.3 | 27.1 | 31.0 |
| 2020 | 0.86 | 0.28 | 87.0% | 153.0 | 69.1 | 25.9 | 29.6 |
| 2021 | 0.88 | 0.39 | 90.0% | 173.0 | 68.4 | 24.9 | 28.3 |
| 2022 | 0.53 | 90.0% | 139.0 | 70.1 | 23.9 | 27.1 | |
| 2023 | 1.01 | 0.54 | 93.0% | 142.0 | 70.4 | 23.1 | 26.1 |
| 2024 | 97.0% | 70.6 | 22.2 | 25.1 |
Environment
Environment summary
| Metric | Latest | Latest Year | Start | Peak | Low | 10y | 25y | World | Continent | Source | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land | 26.1% | 2023 | 24.8%1961 | 29.7%2001 | 24.8%1961 | -2.2 pts / 10y | -3.4 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| Renewable Electricity | 84.0% | 2021 | 99.9%1990 | 100.0%2011 | 84.0%2021 | -16.0 pts / 10y | -12.7 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| Fossil Fuel Energy | 0.0% | 2023 | 5.1%1990 | 15.2%2014 | 0.0%2016 | -13.5 pts / 10y | -9.9 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| CO2 Emissions | 15,892 | 2024 | 3341970 | 17,3832021 | 3341970 | +8,540 / 10y | +12,556 / 25y25y | 37,916,447 | 23,152,092 | WorldBankWdi | |
| CO2 per Capita | 0.54 | 2024 | 0.031970 | 0.592021 | 0.021976 | +0.27 / 10y | +0.40 / 25y25y | 4.69 | 5.00 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Forest Area | 41.6% | 2023 | 39.7%1990 | 41.6%2023 | 39.7%1990 | 0.0 pts / 10y | +1.3 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi |
Environment year by year
| Year | Agricultural Land | Renewable Electricity | Fossil Fuel Energy | CO2 Emissions | CO2 per Capita | Forest Area |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1920 | ||||||
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| 1961 | 24.8% | |||||
| 1962 | 24.8% | |||||
| 1963 | 24.9% | |||||
| 1964 | 24.8% | |||||
| 1965 | 24.8% | |||||
| 1966 | 24.8% | |||||
| 1967 | 24.9% | |||||
| 1968 | 24.9% | |||||
| 1969 | 24.9% | |||||
| 1970 | 25.9% | 334 | 0.03 | |||
| 1971 | 25.9% | 335 | 0.03 | |||
| 1972 | 26.7% | 408 | 0.03 | |||
| 1973 | 27.6% | 547 | 0.04 | |||
| 1974 | 27.9% | 491 | 0.04 | |||
| 1975 | 28.0% | 411 | 0.03 | |||
| 1976 | 28.1% | 354 | 0.02 | |||
| 1977 | 28.3% | 396 | 0.03 | |||
| 1978 | 28.4% | 377 | 0.03 | |||
| 1979 | 28.5% | 548 | 0.04 | |||
| 1980 | 28.6% | 612 | 0.04 | |||
| 1981 | 28.7% | 536 | 0.03 | |||
| 1982 | 28.7% | 601 | 0.04 | |||
| 1983 | 28.7% | 827 | 0.05 | |||
| 1984 | 28.8% | 888 | 0.05 | |||
| 1985 | 28.8% | 677 | 0.04 | |||
| 1986 | 28.9% | 896 | 0.05 | |||
| 1987 | 28.9% | 953 | 0.05 | |||
| 1988 | 28.9% | 955 | 0.05 | |||
| 1989 | 29.0% | 768 | 0.04 | |||
| 1990 | 29.0% | 99.9% | 5.1% | 1,088 | 0.06 | 39.7% |
| 1991 | 29.0% | 96.6% | 6.0% | 1,341 | 0.07 | 39.7% |
| 1992 | 29.1% | 94.7% | 6.3% | 1,411 | 0.07 | 39.8% |
| 1993 | 29.2% | 93.4% | 6.7% | 1,558 | 0.07 | 39.9% |
| 1994 | 29.2% | 92.0% | 7.9% | 1,897 | 0.09 | 40.0% |
| 1995 | 29.3% | 96.9% | 8.6% | 2,062 | 0.09 | 40.0% |
| 1996 | 29.4% | 96.7% | 8.7% | 2,188 | 0.10 | 40.1% |
| 1997 | 29.5% | 90.8% | 9.7% | 2,418 | 0.10 | 40.2% |
| 1998 | 29.5% | 90.5% | 9.9% | 2,565 | 0.11 | 40.3% |
| 1999 | 29.6% | 95.5% | 12.5% | 3,336 | 0.14 | 40.3% |
| 2000 | 29.6% | 99.3% | 12.0% | 3,419 | 0.14 | 40.3% |
| 2001 | 29.7% | 97.9% | 12.4% | 3,655 | 0.15 | 40.5% |
| 2002 | 29.6% | 98.4% | 10.2% | 2,984 | 0.12 | 40.6% |
| 2003 | 29.5% | 99.5% | 10.6% | 3,388 | 0.13 | 40.7% |
| 2004 | 29.4% | 99.4% | 9.7% | 2,927 | 0.11 | 40.8% |
| 2005 | 29.3% | 10.6% | 3,276 | 0.12 | 41.0% | |
| 2006 | 29.2% | 99.9% | 8.8% | 2,713 | 0.10 | 41.1% |
| 2007 | 29.1% | 8.6% | 2,792 | 0.10 | 41.2% | |
| 2008 | 29.0% | 9.9% | 3,085 | 0.11 | 41.3% | |
| 2009 | 28.9% | 92.4% | 11.0% | 4,064 | 0.15 | 41.5% |
| 2010 | 28.8% | 96.4% | 12.6% | 4,785 | 0.18 | 41.6% |
| 2011 | 28.8% | 100.0% | 13.0% | 5,361 | 0.20 | 41.6% |
| 2012 | 28.5% | 15.1% | 6,225 | 0.23 | 41.6% | |
| 2013 | 28.3% | 13.5% | 6,296 | 0.23 | 41.6% | |
| 2014 | 28.2% | 98.8% | 15.2% | 7,352 | 0.27 | 41.6% |
| 2015 | 28.0% | 14.4% | 7,322 | 0.26 | 41.6% | |
| 2016 | 27.7% | 95.0% | 0.0% | 10,764 | 0.39 | 41.6% |
| 2017 | 27.5% | 0.0% | 13,200 | 0.47 | 41.6% | |
| 2018 | 27.0% | 0.0% | 14,926 | 0.53 | 41.6% | |
| 2019 | 26.8% | 93.3% | 0.0% | 13,461 | 0.47 | 41.6% |
| 2020 | 26.5% | 0.0% | 16,456 | 0.57 | 41.6% | |
| 2021 | 26.3% | 84.0% | 0.0% | 17,383 | 0.59 | 41.6% |
| 2022 | 26.1% | 0.0% | 15,045 | 0.51 | 41.6% | |
| 2023 | 26.1% | 0.0% | 15,432 | 0.52 | 41.6% | |
| 2024 | 15,892 | 0.54 |