Uzbekistan is the geographic and population center of Central Asia, with a diverse economy and a relatively young population. Russia conquered and united the disparate territories of present-day Uzbekistan in the late 19th century. Stiff resistance to the Red Army after the Bolshevik Revolution was eventually suppressed and a socialist republic established in 1924. During the Soviet era, intensive production of “white gold” (cotton) and grain led to the overuse of agrochemicals and the depletion of water supplies, leaving the land degraded and the Aral Sea and certain rivers half-dry. Independent since the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) dissolved in 1991, the country has diversified agricultural production while developing its mineral and petroleum export capacity and increasing its manufacturing base, although cotton remains a major part of its economy. Uzbekistan’s first president, Islom KARIMOV, led Uzbekistan for 25 years until his death in 2016. His successor, former Prime Minister Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV, has improved relations with Uzbekistan’s neighbors and introduced wide-ranging economic, judicial, and social reforms. MIRZIYOYEV was reelected in 2021 with 80% of the vote and again following a 2023 constitutional referendum with 87% of the vote.
Current Country Profile
🇺🇿 Uzbekistan
ContinentAsia
RegionTrans-Oxus Central Asia (Oxiana)
Formation1991
Age35 years
Land Area443,682 sq km
Population
36.4M
GDP
$114.97B
GDP per Capita
$3K
Population
36.4M
GDP
$114.97B
GDP per Capita
$3K
GNI per Capita
$3K
Land Area
443,682 sq km
Current System
Autocracy
Benchmark Shelf
Population
36.4M World 8.1B Asia 4.6B
GDP
$114.97B World $109.24T Asia $37.42T
GDP per Capita
$3K World $14K Asia $8K
Life Expectancy
72.5 World 73.4 Asia 74.5
Internet Users
89.5% World 72.6% Asia 76.1%
Urban Population
51.0% World 57.4% Asia 52.3%
Trade Openness
60.7% World 54.7% Asia 52.7%
CO2 per Capita
4.09 World 4.69 Asia 5.00
Trend Wall
Population
2000-2024
36.4M
GDP
2000-2024
$114.97B
GDP per Capita
2000-2024
$3K
Life Expectancy
2000-2024
72.5
Internet Users
2000-2024
89.5%
Exports and Imports
2000-2024
$43.64B
ExportsImports
Fertility Rate
2000-2024
3.49
Urban Population
2000-2024
51.0%
Inflation
2011-2024
9.6%
Unemployment
2001-2025
4.6%
Electricity Access
1999-2023
100.0%
CO2 per Capita
2000-2024
4.09
Current Structure
Demographic Structure
Share of population
Child share 31.1%
Working-age share 63.0%
Elderly share 5.9%
Economic Structure
Share of value added
Agriculture 18.3%
Industry 31.8%
Services 45.2%
Other 4.7%
Land Use
Share of land area
Forest area 8.5%
Agricultural land 58.1%
Other land 33.4%
Electricity Mix
% of total electricity output
Fossil electricity 93.0%
Nuclear electricity 0.0%
Hydroelectricity 7.0%
Other renewables 0.1%
Energy Use Mix
% of total energy use
Fossil fuel energy 98.7%
Alternative and nuclear energy 1.3%
Combustible renewables and waste 0.0%
Milestone Timeline
Formation
1991
Independence
Independent since the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) dissolved in 1991, the country has diversified agricultural production while developing its mineral and petroleum export capacity and increasing its manufacturing base, although cotton remains a major part of its economy.
Regime
1992
Constitution adopted
2016
Leadership milestone
Uzbekistan’s first president, Islom KARIMOV, led Uzbekistan for 25 years until his death in 2016.
External
Historical Footing
Before the modern state
1924 to 1990
Uzbekistan is the geographic and population center of Central Asia, with a diverse economy and a relatively young population.
State formation
1991
Independent since the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) dissolved in 1991, the country has diversified agricultural production while developing its mineral and petroleum export capacity and increasing its manufacturing base, although cotton remains a major part of its economy.
Current footing
1991 to present
Today Uzbekistan sits in Trans-Oxus Central Asia (Oxiana), with a current system of Autocracy.
Annual Explorer
Health
Infant Mortality
12.8
2024
-7.2 / 10y
W 19.0
C 16.4
Under-5 Mortality
13.4
2024
-7.9 / 10y
W 24.7
C 19.3
Maternal Mortality
26.0
2023
-6.0 / 10y
W 111.8
C 66.6
Physicians
2.81
2021
+0.29 / 10y
W 2.11
C 1.84
Hospital Beds
4.89
2023
+0.38 / 10y
W 4.14
C 4.16
Measles Immunization
99.0%
2024
0.0 pts / 10y
W 88.9%
C 93.1%
Education
Secondary Enrollment
98.1%
2025
+5.9 pts / 10y
W n/a
C n/a
Tertiary Enrollment
59.8%
2025
+51.8 pts / 10y
W n/a
C n/a
Researchers
639.5
2024
+130.6 / 10y
W 1,283.1
C 866.7
Adult Literacy
100.0%
2022
+1.4 pts / 10y
W 80.2%
C 79.9%
Environment
CO2 Emissions
148,539
2024
+35,379 / 10y
W 37,916,447
C 23,152,092
Demography
Population Growth
2.0%
2024
+0.3 pts / 10y
W 1.0%
C 0.7%
Density
82.0
2024
+10.9 / 10y
W n/a
C n/a
Median Age
26.9
2023
+2.2 / 10y
W 30.8
C 31.9
Net Migration
-6,987
2025
+9,558 / 10y
W n/a
C n/a
Connectivity
Mobile Subscriptions
110.5
2024
+38.9 / 10y
W 110.2
C 109.5
Fixed Broadband
34.7
2024
+32.0 / 10y
W 19.9
C 20.3
Secure Servers
966.6
2024
+964.2 / 10y
W 16,260.9
C 2,746.0
Economy
GDP Growth
6.5%
2024
-0.4 pts / 10y
W n/a
C n/a
Labor Force Participation
57.5%
2025
+1.2 pts / 10y
W n/a
C n/a
Deep Data
Demography
Demography summary
| Metric | Latest | Latest Year | Start | Peak | Low | 10y | 25y | World | Continent | Source | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Child Share | 31.1% | 2024 | 39.9%1991 | 39.9%1991 | 28.1%2013 | +3.0 pts / 10y | -6.4 pts / 25y25y | 24.8% | 22.7% | WorldBankWdi | |
| Fertility Rate | 3.49 | 2024 | 4.191991 | 4.191991 | 2.342012 | +0.94 / 10y | +0.66 / 25y25y | 2.17 | 1.81 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Elderly Share | 5.9% | 2024 | 3.6%1991 | 5.9%2024 | 3.6%1991 | +1.2 pts / 10y | +1.3 pts / 25y25y | 10.2% | 10.0% | WorldBankWdi | |
| Net Migration | -6,987 | 2025 | -29,0641991 | -5,0072022 | -66,5472000 | +9,558 / 10y | +59,560 / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| Working-Age Share | 63.0% | 2024 | 56.5%1991 | 67.2%2013 | 56.3%1994 | -4.2 pts / 10y | +5.1 pts / 25y25y | 65.1% | 67.4% | WorldBankWdi | |
| Population Growth | 2.0% | 2024 | 2.4%1991 | 2.5%1992 | 1.2%2001 | +0.3 pts / 10y | +0.6 pts / 25y25y | 1.0% | 0.7% | WorldBankWdi | |
| Population | 36.4M | 2024 | 21.0M1991 | 36.4M2024 | 21.0M1991 | +6.1M / 10y | +11.9M / 25y25y | 8.1B | 4.6B | WorldBankWdi | |
| Density | 82.0 | 2024 | 49.31991 | 83.82023 | 49.31991 | +10.9 / 10y | +24.4 / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | Derived | |
| Median Age | 26.9 | 2023 | 19.01991 | 26.92023 | 19.01991 | +2.2 / 10y | +7.1 / 25y25y | 30.8 | 31.9 | UNWorldPopulationProspects | |
| Urban Population | 51.0% | 2024 | 41.1%1991 | 51.8%2008 | 41.1%1991 | +0.1 pts / 10y | +4.2 pts / 25y25y | 57.4% | 52.3% | WorldBankWdi |
Demography year by year
| Year | Child Share | Fertility Rate | Elderly Share | Net Migration | Working-Age Share | Population Growth | Population | Density | Median Age | Urban Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1991 | 39.9% | 4.19 | 3.6% | -29,064 | 56.5% | 2.4% | 21.0M | 49.3 | 19.0 | 41.1% |
| 1992 | 39.8% | 4.06 | 3.7% | -33,259 | 56.4% | 2.5% | 21.5M | 50.5 | 19.0 | 41.5% |
| 1993 | 39.8% | 3.86 | 3.9% | -37,377 | 56.3% | 2.3% | 22.0M | 51.7 | 19.1 | 42.1% |
| 1994 | 39.7% | 3.66 | 4.0% | -41,788 | 56.3% | 2.1% | 22.5M | 52.8 | 19.2 | 42.7% |
| 1995 | 39.4% | 3.57 | 4.2% | -45,876 | 56.4% | 2.0% | 22.9M | 53.9 | 19.3 | 43.5% |
| 1996 | 39.2% | 3.39 | 4.3% | -50,314 | 56.6% | 1.9% | 23.4M | 54.9 | 19.4 | 44.3% |
| 1997 | 38.8% | 3.19 | 4.4% | -48,360 | 56.9% | 1.7% | 23.8M | 55.9 | 19.6 | 45.1% |
| 1998 | 38.2% | 2.99 | 4.4% | -49,862 | 57.3% | 1.6% | 24.1M | 56.7 | 19.8 | 46.0% |
| 1999 | 37.5% | 2.83 | 4.5% | -61,955 | 57.9% | 1.4% | 24.5M | 57.5 | 20.1 | 46.8% |
| 2000 | 36.7% | 2.70 | 4.6% | -66,547 | 58.6% | 1.3% | 24.8M | 58.3 | 20.3 | 47.7% |
| 2001 | 35.8% | 2.61 | 4.7% | -48,642 | 59.5% | 1.2% | 25.1M | 59.0 | 20.6 | 48.5% |
| 2002 | 34.9% | 2.58 | 4.8% | -47,679 | 60.3% | 1.2% | 25.4M | 59.7 | 21.0 | 49.3% |
| 2003 | 34.0% | 2.50 | 4.9% | -44,092 | 61.1% | 1.2% | 25.7M | 60.4 | 21.3 | 50.0% |
| 2004 | 33.1% | 2.50 | 5.0% | -38,834 | 61.9% | 1.2% | 26.0M | 61.2 | 21.6 | 50.6% |
| 2005 | 32.3% | 2.44 | 5.0% | -33,386 | 62.7% | 1.3% | 26.4M | 62.0 | 21.9 | 51.1% |
| 2006 | 31.4% | 2.46 | 5.0% | -29,197 | 63.6% | 1.3% | 26.7M | 62.8 | 22.3 | 51.5% |
| 2007 | 30.6% | 2.57 | 5.0% | -27,013 | 64.5% | 1.4% | 27.1M | 63.6 | 22.6 | 51.7% |
| 2008 | 29.9% | 2.64 | 4.9% | -24,028 | 65.2% | 1.5% | 27.5M | 64.6 | 23.0 | 51.8% |
| 2009 | 29.4% | 2.56 | 4.9% | -20,378 | 65.7% | 1.6% | 27.9M | 65.7 | 23.3 | 51.6% |
| 2010 | 28.9% | 2.44 | 4.8% | -20,380 | 66.3% | 1.6% | 28.4M | 66.7 | 23.6 | 51.3% |
| 2011 | 28.5% | 2.35 | 4.7% | -20,380 | 66.7% | 1.5% | 28.8M | 67.8 | 24.0 | 51.3% |
| 2012 | 28.2% | 2.34 | 4.7% | -20,381 | 67.1% | 1.5% | 29.3M | 68.8 | 24.3 | 51.3% |
| 2013 | 28.1% | 2.45 | 4.7% | -20,380 | 67.2% | 1.6% | 29.7M | 69.9 | 24.7 | 51.1% |
| 2014 | 28.1% | 2.55 | 4.7% | -20,381 | 67.2% | 1.7% | 30.2M | 71.0 | 25.0 | 50.9% |
| 2015 | 28.3% | 2.58 | 4.7% | -16,545 | 67.0% | 1.7% | 30.7M | 72.3 | 25.3 | 50.7% |
| 2016 | 28.5% | 2.56 | 4.8% | -14,839 | 66.6% | 1.7% | 31.3M | 73.5 | 25.5 | 50.7% |
| 2017 | 28.8% | 2.57 | 4.9% | -13,352 | 66.3% | 1.7% | 31.8M | 74.8 | 25.8 | 50.7% |
| 2018 | 29.0% | 2.71 | 5.1% | -11,516 | 65.9% | 1.7% | 32.4M | 76.1 | 26.1 | 50.6% |
| 2019 | 29.3% | 2.87 | 5.2% | -9,341 | 65.5% | 1.8% | 33.0M | 77.5 | 26.4 | 50.6% |
| 2020 | 29.7% | 3.06 | 5.3% | -9,208 | 65.0% | 1.9% | 33.6M | 79.0 | 26.6 | 50.8% |
| 2021 | 30.2% | 3.27 | 5.4% | -9,205 | 64.4% | 1.9% | 34.2M | 80.5 | 26.7 | 50.9% |
| 2022 | 30.6% | 3.40 | 5.5% | -5,007 | 63.9% | 2.0% | 34.9M | 82.1 | 26.8 | 51.0% |
| 2023 | 30.9% | 3.50 | 5.7% | -6,004 | 63.4% | 2.0% | 35.7M | 83.8 | 26.9 | 51.0% |
| 2024 | 31.1% | 3.49 | 5.9% | -7,066 | 63.0% | 2.0% | 36.4M | 82.0 | 51.0% | |
| 2025 | -6,987 |
Economy
Economy summary
| Metric | Latest | Latest Year | Start | Peak | Low | 10y | 25y | World | Continent | Source | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labor Force Participation | 57.5% | 2025 | 56.9%1991 | 57.8%1994 | 54.9%2008 | +1.2 pts / 10y | +0.5 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| Unemployment | 4.6% | 2025 | 1.9%1991 | 13.3%1999 | 1.9%1991 | -0.5 pts / 10y | -7.7 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| Industry Value Added | 31.8% | 2024 | 36.7%1991 | 36.7%1991 | 19.4%2002 | +9.7 pts / 10y | +10.8 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| Agriculture Value Added | 18.3% | 2024 | 37.1%1991 | 37.1%1991 | 18.3%2024 | -10.4 pts / 10y | -10.7 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| Services Value Added | 45.2% | 2024 | 26.5%1991 | 45.2%2024 | 26.5%1991 | +5.8 pts / 10y | +8.7 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| GDP Growth | 6.5% | 2024 | -0.5%1991 | 9.5%2007 | -11.2%1992 | -0.4 pts / 10y | +2.2 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| GDP | $114.97B | 2024 | $13.80B1991 | $114.97B2024 | $9.69B2002 | +$34.12B / 10y | +$97.89B / 25y25y | $109.24T | $37.42T | WorldBankWdi | |
| GDP per Capita | $3K | 2024 | $6581991 | $3K2024 | $3812002 | +$487 / 10y | +$2K / 25y25y | $14K | $8K | WorldBankWdi | |
| Inflation | 9.6% | 2024 | 13.8%2011 | 17.5%2018 | 8.1%2016 | +0.3 pts / 10y | -4.2 pts / 13y13y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| GNI per Capita | $3K | 2024 | $6501991 | $3K2024 | $4202003 | +$370 / 10y | +$2K / 25y25y | $14K | $9K | WorldBankWdi |
Economy year by year
| Year | Labor Force Participation | Unemployment | Industry Value Added | Agriculture Value Added | Services Value Added | GDP Growth | GDP | GDP per Capita | Inflation | GNI per Capita |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1991 | 56.9% | 1.9% | 36.7% | 37.1% | 26.5% | -0.5% | $13.80B | $658 | $650 | |
| 1992 | 57.3% | 2.9% | 36.1% | 35.1% | 29.6% | -11.2% | $12.95B | $603 | $600 | |
| 1993 | 57.6% | 4.9% | 31.2% | 27.6% | 31.8% | -2.3% | $13.10B | $596 | $590 | |
| 1994 | 57.8% | 7.3% | 24.3% | 34.3% | 33.2% | -5.2% | $12.90B | $574 | $570 | |
| 1995 | 57.8% | 7.8% | 24.1% | 28.0% | 34.7% | -0.9% | $13.35B | $583 | $580 | |
| 1996 | 57.5% | 10.7% | 26.1% | 22.4% | 37.1% | 1.7% | $13.95B | $597 | $590 | |
| 1997 | 57.4% | 10.9% | 22.9% | 28.2% | 36.5% | 5.2% | $14.74B | $621 | $610 | |
| 1998 | 57.3% | 13.3% | 22.4% | 26.8% | 36.4% | 4.3% | $14.99B | $621 | $610 | |
| 1999 | 57.3% | 13.3% | 21.0% | 29.0% | 36.5% | 4.3% | $17.08B | $698 | $650 | |
| 2000 | 57.0% | 12.3% | 20.2% | 30.1% | 37.2% | 3.8% | $13.76B | $555 | $620 | |
| 2001 | 56.8% | 11.3% | 20.0% | 30.0% | 38.2% | 4.2% | $11.40B | $454 | $550 | |
| 2002 | 56.5% | 10.3% | 19.4% | 30.1% | 37.9% | 4.0% | $9.69B | $381 | $450 | |
| 2003 | 56.1% | 9.2% | 20.4% | 28.5% | 37.4% | 4.2% | $10.13B | $394 | $420 | |
| 2004 | 55.9% | 8.2% | 22.3% | 26.4% | 37.2% | 7.4% | $12.03B | $462 | $460 | |
| 2005 | 55.6% | 7.1% | 26.0% | 26.3% | 37.0% | 7.0% | $14.31B | $543 | $520 | |
| 2006 | 55.2% | 6.0% | 26.8% | 25.1% | 38.0% | 7.5% | $17.33B | $649 | $600 | |
| 2007 | 55.0% | 5.0% | 26.9% | 23.2% | 39.8% | 9.5% | $22.31B | $824 | $760 | |
| 2008 | 54.9% | 4.9% | 29.1% | 19.7% | 41.4% | 9.0% | $29.55B | $1K | $970 | |
| 2009 | 55.4% | 5.0% | 30.4% | 18.6% | 41.4% | 8.1% | $33.69B | $1K | $1K | |
| 2010 | 55.4% | 5.4% | 21.2% | 26.9% | 39.9% | 7.6% | $49.77B | $2K | $1K | |
| 2011 | 55.6% | 5.0% | 19.8% | 29.7% | 39.3% | 7.5% | $60.18B | $2K | 13.8% | $2K |
| 2012 | 55.8% | 4.9% | 20.4% | 29.0% | 39.4% | 7.1% | $67.52B | $2K | 13.2% | $2K |
| 2013 | 55.9% | 4.9% | 21.3% | 27.8% | 40.5% | 7.3% | $73.18B | $2K | 11.8% | $2K |
| 2014 | 56.1% | 5.1% | 22.1% | 28.7% | 39.4% | 6.9% | $80.85B | $3K | 9.3% | $3K |
| 2015 | 56.3% | 5.2% | 22.5% | 29.2% | 39.2% | 7.2% | $86.20B | $3K | 8.8% | $3K |
| 2016 | 56.4% | 5.2% | 22.9% | 29.3% | 39.0% | 5.9% | $86.14B | $3K | 8.1% | $3K |
| 2017 | 56.5% | 5.8% | 24.7% | 25.5% | 40.1% | 4.4% | $69.70B | $2K | 13.9% | $3K |
| 2018 | 56.6% | 5.4% | 28.6% | 23.9% | 37.8% | 5.6% | $58.70B | $2K | 17.5% | $2K |
| 2019 | 56.6% | 4.9% | 32.0% | 21.8% | 38.5% | 6.8% | $67.29B | $2K | 14.5% | $2K |
| 2020 | 55.5% | 5.3% | 32.0% | 22.5% | 38.8% | 1.6% | $66.44B | $2K | 12.9% | $2K |
| 2021 | 56.0% | 5.4% | 32.4% | 22.2% | 39.1% | 8.0% | $77.34B | $2K | 10.8% | $2K |
| 2022 | 57.7% | 4.5% | 31.5% | 21.0% | 41.5% | 6.0% | $90.10B | $3K | 11.4% | $3K |
| 2023 | 57.7% | 4.4% | 31.0% | 20.2% | 44.0% | 6.3% | $102.64B | $3K | 10.0% | $3K |
| 2024 | 57.7% | 4.4% | 31.8% | 18.3% | 45.2% | 6.5% | $114.97B | $3K | 9.6% | $3K |
| 2025 | 57.5% | 4.6% |
Trade
Trade summary
| Metric | Latest | Latest Year | Start | Peak | Low | 10y | 25y | World | Continent | Source | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trade Openness | 60.7% | 2024 | 57.2%1997 | 79.7%2008 | 29.2%2016 | +24.4 pts / 10y | +24.1 pts / 25y25y | 54.7% | 52.7% | Derived | |
| Imports | $43.64B | 2024 | $4.44B1997 | $43.64B2024 | $2.67B2000 | +$27.22B / 10y | +$40.49B / 25y25y | $29.11T | $9.24T | WorldBankWdi | |
| Exports | $26.17B | 2024 | $4.00B1997 | $26.17B2024 | $3.00B2002 | +$13.20B / 10y | +$23.07B / 25y25y | $29.85T | $9.92T | WorldBankWdi |
Trade year by year
| Year | Trade Openness | Imports | Exports |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1991 | |||
| 1992 | |||
| 1993 | |||
| 1994 | |||
| 1995 | |||
| 1996 | |||
| 1997 | 57.2% | $4.44B | $4.00B |
| 1998 | 45.4% | $3.43B | $3.38B |
| 1999 | 36.6% | $3.15B | $3.10B |
| 2000 | 44.1% | $2.67B | $3.39B |
| 2001 | 56.8% | $3.09B | $3.38B |
| 2002 | 59.0% | $2.72B | $3.00B |
| 2003 | 70.5% | $3.27B | $3.88B |
| 2004 | 76.6% | $4.19B | $5.03B |
| 2005 | 69.5% | $4.54B | $5.41B |
| 2006 | 67.5% | $5.37B | $6.33B |
| 2007 | 74.4% | $7.75B | $8.85B |
| 2008 | 79.7% | $11.40B | $12.17B |
| 2009 | 68.7% | $11.46B | $11.68B |
| 2010 | 49.3% | $12.43B | $12.09B |
| 2011 | 49.7% | $15.63B | $14.25B |
| 2012 | 44.2% | $16.85B | $13.02B |
| 2013 | 42.4% | $17.37B | $13.64B |
| 2014 | 36.4% | $16.42B | $12.97B |
| 2015 | 30.8% | $14.64B | $11.87B |
| 2016 | 29.2% | $14.52B | $10.62B |
| 2017 | 42.6% | $16.78B | $12.88B |
| 2018 | 64.1% | $23.46B | $14.19B |
| 2019 | 65.0% | $26.66B | $17.06B |
| 2020 | 56.1% | $22.68B | $14.56B |
| 2021 | 57.5% | $27.96B | $16.48B |
| 2022 | 62.8% | $35.65B | $20.96B |
| 2023 | 66.1% | $42.78B | $25.07B |
| 2024 | 60.7% | $43.64B | $26.17B |
Connectivity
Connectivity summary
| Metric | Latest | Latest Year | Start | Peak | Low | 10y | 25y | World | Continent | Source | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fixed Broadband | 34.7 | 2024 | 0.02003 | 34.72024 | 0.02003 | +32.0 / 10y | +34.7 / 21y21y | 19.9 | 20.3 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Secure Servers | 966.6 | 2024 | 0.12010 | 966.62024 | 0.12010 | +964.2 / 10y | +966.5 / 14y14y | 16,260.9 | 2,746.0 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Mobile Subscriptions | 110.5 | 2024 | 0.01991 | 110.52024 | 0.01991 | +38.9 / 10y | +110.3 / 25y25y | 110.2 | 109.5 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Internet Users | 89.5% | 2024 | 0.0%1995 | 89.5%2024 | 0.0%1995 | +54.0 pts / 10y | +89.5 pts / 25y25y | 72.6% | 76.1% | WorldBankWdi | |
| Electricity Access | 100.0% | 2023 | 99.6%1996 | 100.0%2023 | 99.4%1997 | +0.2 pts / 10y | +0.6 pts / 25y25y | 91.6% | 98.6% | WorldBankWdi |
Connectivity year by year
| Year | Fixed Broadband | Secure Servers | Mobile Subscriptions | Internet Users | Electricity Access |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1991 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1992 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1993 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1994 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1995 | 0.0 | 0.0% | |||
| 1996 | 0.0 | 0.0% | 99.6% | ||
| 1997 | 0.1 | 0.0% | 99.4% | ||
| 1998 | 0.1 | 0.0% | 99.4% | ||
| 1999 | 0.2 | 0.0% | 99.5% | ||
| 2000 | 0.2 | 0.5% | 99.6% | ||
| 2001 | 0.5 | 0.6% | 99.6% | ||
| 2002 | 0.7 | 1.1% | 99.7% | ||
| 2003 | 0.0 | 1.2 | 1.9% | 99.5% | |
| 2004 | 0.0 | 2.1 | 2.6% | 99.5% | |
| 2005 | 0.0 | 2.7 | 3.3% | 99.4% | |
| 2006 | 0.0 | 9.5 | 6.4% | 99.5% | |
| 2007 | 0.1 | 21.0 | 7.5% | 99.5% | |
| 2008 | 0.2 | 45.0 | 9.1% | 99.5% | |
| 2009 | 0.3 | 58.8 | 11.9% | 99.5% | |
| 2010 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 73.8 | 15.9% | 99.6% |
| 2011 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 88.3 | 18.6% | 99.7% |
| 2012 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 69.3 | 23.6% | 99.7% |
| 2013 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 72.3 | 26.8% | 99.8% |
| 2014 | 2.7 | 2.4 | 71.6 | 35.5% | 99.8% |
| 2015 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 70.8 | 42.8% | 99.9% |
| 2016 | 8.8 | 71.0 | 74.4 | 46.8% | 99.9% |
| 2017 | 10.4 | 205.8 | 76.3 | 48.7% | 100.0% |
| 2018 | 12.7 | 284.0 | 71.7 | 55.2% | 100.0% |
| 2019 | 10.6 | 461.0 | 101.3 | 70.4% | 100.0% |
| 2020 | 15.8 | 477.7 | 99.4 | 71.1% | 100.0% |
| 2021 | 21.9 | 595.0 | 102.4 | 76.6% | 99.9% |
| 2022 | 25.8 | 733.6 | 105.5 | 83.9% | 100.0% |
| 2023 | 30.3 | 823.9 | 106.9 | 89.0% | 100.0% |
| 2024 | 34.7 | 966.6 | 110.5 | 89.5% |
Education
Education summary
| Metric | Latest | Latest Year | Start | Peak | Low | 10y | 25y | World | Continent | Source | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adult Literacy | 100.0% | 2022 | 98.6%2000 | 100.0%2022 | 98.6%2000 | +1.4 pts / 10y | +1.4 pts / 22y22y | 80.2% | 79.9% | WorldBankWdi | |
| Researchers | 639.5 | 2024 | 665.82000 | 665.82000 | 422.12019 | +130.6 / 10y | -26.3 / 24y24y | 1,283.1 | 866.7 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Secondary Enrollment | 98.1% | 2025 | 99.6%1991 | 99.6%1991 | 85.3%2000 | +5.9 pts / 10y | +12.8 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| Tertiary Enrollment | 59.8% | 2025 | 17.0%1991 | 59.8%2025 | 7.8%2012 | +51.8 pts / 10y | +46.8 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi |
Education year by year
| Year | Adult Literacy | Researchers | Secondary Enrollment | Tertiary Enrollment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1991 | 99.6% | 17.0% | ||
| 1992 | 98.5% | 16.4% | ||
| 1993 | 95.3% | |||
| 1994 | 93.4% | |||
| 1995 | 93.1% | |||
| 1996 | ||||
| 1997 | ||||
| 1998 | ||||
| 1999 | 85.8% | 13.0% | ||
| 2000 | 98.6% | 665.8 | 85.3% | 13.0% |
| 2001 | 618.9 | 13.3% | ||
| 2002 | 635.1 | 13.7% | ||
| 2003 | 592.8 | 95.4% | 13.8% | |
| 2004 | 583.1 | 96.3% | 13.9% | |
| 2005 | 638.5 | 87.9% | 9.8% | |
| 2006 | 571.7 | 88.7% | 10.0% | |
| 2007 | 563.7 | 89.8% | 9.8% | |
| 2008 | 587.9 | 88.2% | 9.9% | |
| 2009 | 580.3 | 89.0% | 9.8% | |
| 2010 | 551.7 | 90.0% | 8.9% | |
| 2011 | 582.3 | 89.8% | 8.6% | |
| 2012 | 520.3 | 92.0% | 7.8% | |
| 2013 | 100.0% | 514.8 | 92.1% | 8.0% |
| 2014 | 100.0% | 509.0 | 91.7% | 8.0% |
| 2015 | 100.0% | 504.7 | 92.2% | 8.1% |
| 2016 | 100.0% | 513.0 | 92.8% | 8.3% |
| 2017 | 502.0 | 93.9% | 8.6% | |
| 2018 | 100.0% | 482.0 | 94.9% | 10.0% |
| 2019 | 100.0% | 422.1 | 96.2% | 13.0% |
| 2020 | 426.5 | 90.1% | 16.0% | |
| 2021 | 100.0% | 523.9 | 97.3% | 22.1% |
| 2022 | 100.0% | 543.8 | 97.4% | 31.7% |
| 2023 | 542.1 | 97.4% | 45.8% | |
| 2024 | 639.5 | 96.8% | 56.5% | |
| 2025 | 98.1% | 59.8% |
Health
Health summary
| Metric | Latest | Latest Year | Start | Peak | Low | 10y | 25y | World | Continent | Source | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physicians | 2.81 | 2021 | 3.371991 | 3.371991 | 2.272017 | +0.29 / 10y | -0.34 / 25y25y | 2.11 | 1.84 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Hospital Beds | 4.89 | 2023 | 10.951991 | 10.951991 | 4.222015 | +0.38 / 10y | -0.66 / 25y25y | 4.14 | 4.16 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Measles Immunization | 99.0% | 2024 | 84.0%1992 | 99.0%2024 | 71.0%1994 | 0.0 pts / 10y | +3.0 pts / 25y25y | 88.9% | 93.1% | WorldBankWdi | |
| Maternal Mortality | 26.0 | 2023 | 47.01991 | 49.01994 | 26.02023 | -6.0 / 10y | -16.0 / 25y25y | 111.8 | 66.6 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Life Expectancy | 72.5 | 2024 | 65.51991 | 72.52024 | 64.71995 | +1.6 / 10y | +7.2 / 25y25y | 73.4 | 74.5 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Infant Mortality | 12.8 | 2024 | 60.21991 | 60.81994 | 12.82024 | -7.2 / 10y | -43.9 / 25y25y | 19.0 | 16.4 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Under-5 Mortality | 13.4 | 2024 | 69.31991 | 69.41993 | 13.42024 | -7.9 / 10y | -49.6 / 25y25y | 24.7 | 19.3 | WorldBankWdi |
Health year by year
| Year | Physicians | Hospital Beds | Measles Immunization | Maternal Mortality | Life Expectancy | Infant Mortality | Under-5 Mortality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1991 | 3.37 | 10.95 | 47.0 | 65.5 | 60.2 | 69.3 | |
| 1992 | 3.36 | 10.75 | 84.0% | 46.0 | 65.2 | 60.5 | 69.4 |
| 1993 | 3.33 | 9.39 | 82.0% | 47.0 | 64.9 | 60.8 | 69.4 |
| 1994 | 3.30 | 8.66 | 71.0% | 49.0 | 64.7 | 60.8 | 69.1 |
| 1995 | 3.24 | 8.30 | 91.0% | 46.0 | 64.7 | 60.5 | 68.5 |
| 1996 | 3.14 | 7.93 | 95.0% | 44.0 | 64.8 | 60.1 | 67.6 |
| 1997 | 3.09 | 6.48 | 96.0% | 42.0 | 65.0 | 59.3 | 66.6 |
| 1998 | 3.06 | 5.55 | 95.0% | 42.0 | 65.2 | 58.2 | 65.0 |
| 1999 | 5.39 | 96.0% | 43.0 | 65.3 | 56.7 | 63.0 | |
| 2000 | 2.96 | 5.59 | 99.0% | 42.0 | 65.5 | 54.8 | 60.7 |
| 2001 | 2.91 | 5.58 | 99.0% | 42.0 | 65.9 | 52.6 | 58.0 |
| 2002 | 2.85 | 5.79 | 97.0% | 41.0 | 66.4 | 50.0 | 55.0 |
| 2003 | 2.79 | 5.71 | 99.0% | 40.0 | 66.9 | 47.3 | 51.9 |
| 2004 | 2.73 | 5.49 | 98.0% | 39.0 | 67.2 | 44.4 | 48.6 |
| 2005 | 2.68 | 5.40 | 99.0% | 39.0 | 67.5 | 41.4 | 45.2 |
| 2006 | 2.66 | 5.38 | 98.0% | 38.0 | 67.9 | 38.5 | 41.9 |
| 2007 | 2.65 | 5.13 | 98.0% | 37.0 | 68.5 | 35.7 | 38.6 |
| 2008 | 2.62 | 5.00 | 98.0% | 35.0 | 69.0 | 32.9 | 35.5 |
| 2009 | 2.58 | 5.00 | 95.0% | 34.0 | 69.5 | 30.2 | 32.6 |
| 2010 | 2.56 | 4.92 | 98.0% | 34.0 | 69.8 | 27.8 | 29.8 |
| 2011 | 2.52 | 4.85 | 99.0% | 33.0 | 70.1 | 25.5 | 27.3 |
| 2012 | 2.46 | 4.73 | 99.0% | 33.0 | 70.4 | 23.4 | 25.0 |
| 2013 | 2.42 | 4.51 | 97.0% | 32.0 | 70.7 | 21.6 | 23.0 |
| 2014 | 2.39 | 4.33 | 99.0% | 32.0 | 71.0 | 20.0 | 21.3 |
| 2015 | 2.36 | 4.22 | 99.0% | 31.0 | 71.3 | 18.6 | 19.7 |
| 2016 | 2.30 | 4.22 | 99.0% | 31.0 | 71.6 | 17.4 | 18.4 |
| 2017 | 2.27 | 4.26 | 99.0% | 30.0 | 71.7 | 16.4 | 17.3 |
| 2018 | 2.33 | 4.74 | 96.0% | 29.0 | 72.0 | 15.6 | 16.4 |
| 2019 | 2.32 | 4.65 | 98.0% | 29.0 | 72.1 | 14.9 | 15.7 |
| 2020 | 2.31 | 4.77 | 99.0% | 29.0 | 71.5 | 14.4 | 15.1 |
| 2021 | 2.81 | 4.83 | 99.0% | 28.0 | 71.7 | 13.9 | 14.6 |
| 2022 | 4.78 | 99.0% | 27.0 | 72.1 | 13.5 | 14.1 | |
| 2023 | 4.89 | 99.0% | 26.0 | 72.4 | 13.1 | 13.7 | |
| 2024 | 99.0% | 72.5 | 12.8 | 13.4 |
Environment
Environment summary
| Metric | Latest | Latest Year | Start | Peak | Low | 10y | 25y | World | Continent | Source | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land | 58.1% | 2023 | 65.2%1992 | 65.2%1992 | 57.5%2013 | +0.6 pts / 10y | -6.2 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| Renewable Electricity | 7.1% | 2021 | 11.1%1991 | 22.6%2008 | 7.1%2021 | -8.3 pts / 10y | -7.3 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| Fossil Fuel Energy | 0.0% | 2023 | 99.1%1991 | 99.3%1994 | 0.0%2016 | -93.2 pts / 10y | -99.3 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| CO2 Emissions | 148,539 | 2024 | 128,1201991 | 148,5392024 | 104,9121995 | +35,379 / 10y | +24,313 / 25y25y | 37,916,447 | 23,152,092 | WorldBankWdi | |
| CO2 per Capita | 4.09 | 2024 | 6.111991 | 6.111991 | 3.482018 | +0.34 / 10y | -0.99 / 25y25y | 4.69 | 5.00 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Forest Area | 8.5% | 2023 | 6.2%1992 | 8.5%2023 | 6.2%1992 | +0.6 pts / 10y | +1.8 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi |
Environment year by year
| Year | Agricultural Land | Renewable Electricity | Fossil Fuel Energy | CO2 Emissions | CO2 per Capita | Forest Area |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1991 | 11.1% | 99.1% | 128,120 | 6.11 | ||
| 1992 | 65.2% | 12.3% | 99.3% | 119,467 | 5.56 | 6.2% |
| 1993 | 65.0% | 15.0% | 99.2% | 119,281 | 5.42 | 6.3% |
| 1994 | 65.0% | 15.0% | 99.3% | 113,674 | 5.06 | 6.4% |
| 1995 | 65.0% | 13.0% | 104,912 | 4.58 | 6.5% | |
| 1996 | 65.0% | 14.4% | 108,129 | 4.63 | 6.6% | |
| 1997 | 65.0% | 12.5% | 108,014 | 4.55 | 6.7% | |
| 1998 | 64.3% | 12.5% | 123,435 | 5.11 | 6.8% | |
| 1999 | 64.2% | 12.5% | 124,226 | 5.08 | 6.9% | |
| 2000 | 62.7% | 12.5% | 131,522 | 5.31 | 6.8% | |
| 2001 | 62.7% | 12.4% | 132,633 | 5.29 | 6.9% | |
| 2002 | 62.0% | 12.5% | 136,880 | 5.39 | 7.0% | |
| 2003 | 61.6% | 15.6% | 128,970 | 5.02 | 7.1% | |
| 2004 | 61.2% | 18.1% | 132,146 | 5.08 | 7.2% | |
| 2005 | 60.8% | 18.1% | 125,529 | 4.76 | 7.2% | |
| 2006 | 60.4% | 18.6% | 134,422 | 5.03 | 7.3% | |
| 2007 | 60.0% | 13.1% | 131,395 | 4.85 | 7.4% | |
| 2008 | 59.5% | 22.6% | 137,290 | 4.99 | 7.5% | |
| 2009 | 59.1% | 18.6% | 124,512 | 4.46 | 7.6% | |
| 2010 | 58.7% | 15.6% | 93.2% | 135,801 | 4.78 | 7.7% |
| 2011 | 58.3% | 15.3% | 138,678 | 4.81 | 7.8% | |
| 2012 | 57.9% | 15.3% | 123,186 | 4.21 | 7.9% | |
| 2013 | 57.5% | 14.8% | 121,417 | 4.08 | 8.0% | |
| 2014 | 58.6% | 14.5% | 113,160 | 3.74 | 8.1% | |
| 2015 | 58.0% | 14.1% | 107,550 | 3.50 | 8.1% | |
| 2016 | 58.0% | 13.8% | 0.0% | 114,008 | 3.64 | 8.1% |
| 2017 | 58.0% | 13.3% | 0.0% | 118,266 | 3.72 | 8.2% |
| 2018 | 57.9% | 9.4% | 0.0% | 112,795 | 3.48 | 8.3% |
| 2019 | 58.0% | 10.2% | 0.0% | 115,117 | 3.49 | 8.3% |
| 2020 | 58.3% | 7.5% | 0.0% | 123,945 | 3.69 | 8.4% |
| 2021 | 58.3% | 7.1% | 0.0% | 134,361 | 3.92 | 8.4% |
| 2022 | 58.5% | 0.0% | 128,908 | 3.69 | 8.5% | |
| 2023 | 58.1% | 0.0% | 132,631 | 3.72 | 8.5% | |
| 2024 | 148,539 | 4.09 |
Generated 2026-04-12T13:36:03.5675171Z
Sources: CiaWorldLeaders | ConstituteChronology | CountryPageNarrative | CowStateSystem | GeoBoundariesADM0 | Polity5 | Roster | SiteModernCountryData | UNWorldPopulationProspects | WorldBankMetadata | WorldBankWdi