SURAH 10 — Yūnus — يونس — “Jonah”

• Revelation Order: 51
• Event Anchor: Mid-Meccan confrontation with obstinate Meccan resistance (c. 616–619 CE)

Explanation:
Surah Yūnus speaks directly to Meccan deniers, emphasizing the truth of revelation, the reality of resurrection, and the fate of past peoples. The story of Jonah—whose community believed after initially rejecting—acts as a contrast to Meccan stubbornness, suggesting that repentance is still possible. The surah addresses accusations that Muhammad fabricated scripture and counters them with theological and moral arguments. Its balanced tone of warning and invitation fits the mid-Meccan phase, when Quraysh’s hostility was acute but not yet total, and revelation stressed accountability while leaving the door open for belief.

Verse	Verse #	Meccan v Medinan	General Index
Alif, Lam, Ra. These are the verses of the wise Book	1	Meccan	1365
Have the people been amazed that We revealed [revelation] to a man from among them, [saying], “Warn mankind and give good tidings to those who believe that they will have a [firm] precedence of honor with their Lord”? [But] the disbelievers say, “Indeed, this is an obvious magician.”	2	Meccan	1366
Indeed, your Lord is Allah, who created the heavens and the earth in six days and then established Himself above the Throne, arranging the matter [of His creation]. There is no intercessor except after His permission. That is Allah, your Lord, so worship Him. Then will you not remember?	3	Meccan	1367
To Him is your return all together. [It is] the promise of Allah [which is] truth. Indeed, He begins the [process of] creation and then repeats it that He may reward those who have believed and done righteous deeds, in justice. But those who disbelieved will have a drink of scalding water and a painful punishment for what they used to deny.	4	Meccan	1368
It is He who made the sun a shining light and the moon a derived light and determined for it phases – that you may know the number of years and account [of time]. Allah has not created this except in truth. He details the signs for a people who know	5	Meccan	1369
Indeed, in the alternation of the night and the day and [in] what Allah has created in the heavens and the earth are signs for a people who fear Allah	6	Meccan	1370
Indeed, those who do not expect the meeting with Us and are satisfied with the life of this world and feel secure therein and those who are heedless of Our signs	7	Meccan	1371
For those their refuge will be the Fire because of what they used to earn.	8	Meccan	1372
Indeed, those who have believed and done righteous deeds – their Lord will guide them because of their faith. Beneath them rivers will flow in the Gardens of Pleasure	9	Meccan	1373
Their call therein will be, “Exalted are You, O Allah,” and their greeting therein will be, “Peace.” And the last of their call will be, “Praise to Allah, Lord of the worlds!”	10	Meccan	1374
And if Allah was to hasten for the people the evil [they invoke] as He hastens for them the good, their term would have been ended for them. But We leave the ones who do not expect the meeting with Us, in their transgression, wandering blindly	11	Meccan	1375
And when affliction touches man, he calls upon Us, whether lying on his side or sitting or standing; but when We remove from him his affliction, he continues [in disobedience] as if he had never called upon Us to [remove] an affliction that touched him. Thus is made pleasing to the transgressors that which they have been doing	12	Meccan	1376
And We had already destroyed generations before you when they wronged, and their messengers had come to them with clear proofs, but they were not to believe. Thus do We recompense the criminal people	13	Meccan	1377
Then We made you successors in the land after them so that We may observe how you will do.	14	Meccan	1378
And when Our verses are recited to them as clear evidences, those who do not expect the meeting with Us say, “Bring us a Qur’an other than this or change it.” Say, [O Muhammad], “It is not for me to change it on my own accord. I only follow what is revealed to me. Indeed I fear, if I should disobey my Lord, the punishment of a tremendous Day.”	15	Meccan	1379
Say, “If Allah had willed, I would not have recited it to you, nor would He have made it known to you, for I had remained among you a lifetime before it. Then will you not reason?”	16	Meccan	1380
So who is more unjust than he who invents a lie about Allah or denies His signs? Indeed, the criminals will not succeed	17	Meccan	1381
And they worship other than Allah that which neither harms them nor benefits them, and they say, “These are our intercessors with Allah ” Say, “Do you inform Allah of something He does not know in the heavens or on the earth?” Exalted is He and high above what they associate with Him	18	Meccan	1382
And mankind was not but one community [united in religion], but [then] they differed. And if not for a word that preceded from your Lord, it would have been judged between them [immediately] concerning that over which they differ.	19	Meccan	1383
And they say, “Why is a sign not sent down to him from his Lord?” So say, “The unseen is only for Allah [to administer], so wait; indeed, I am with you among those who wait.”	20	Meccan	1384
And when We give the people a taste of mercy after adversity has touched them, at once they conspire against Our verses. Say, “Allah is swifter in strategy.” Indeed, Our messengers record that which you conspire	21	Meccan	1385
It is He who enables you to travel on land and sea until, when you are in ships and they sail with them by a good wind and they rejoice therein, there comes a storm wind and the waves come upon them from everywhere and they assume that they are surrounded, supplicating Allah, sincere to Him in religion, “If You should save us from this, we will surely be among the thankful.”	22	Meccan	1386
But when He saves them, at once they commit injustice upon the earth without right. O mankind, your injustice is only against yourselves, [being merely] the enjoyment of worldly life. Then to Us is your return, and We will inform you of what you used to do.	23	Meccan	1387
The example of [this] worldly life is but like rain which We have sent down from the sky that the plants of the earth absorb – [those] from which men and livestock eat – until, when the earth has taken on its adornment and is beautified and its people suppose that they have capability over it, there comes to it Our command by night or by day, and We make it as a harvest, as if it had not flourished yesterday. Thus do We explain in detail the signs for a people who give thought.	24	Meccan	1388
And Allah invites to the Home of Peace and guides whom He wills to a straight path	25	Meccan	1389
For them who have done good is the best [reward] and extra. No darkness will cover their faces, nor humiliation. Those are companions of Paradise; they will abide therein eternally	26	Meccan	1390
But they who have earned [blame for] evil doings – the recompense of an evil deed is its equivalent, and humiliation will cover them. They will have from Allah no protector. It will be as if their faces are covered with pieces of the night – so dark [are they]. Those are the companions of the Fire; they will abide therein eternally.	27	Meccan	1391
And [mention, O Muhammad], the Day We will gather them all together – then We will say to those who associated others with Allah, “[Remain in] your place, you and your ‘partners.’ ” Then We will separate them, and their “partners” will say, “You did not used to worship us,	28	Meccan	1392
And sufficient is Allah as a witness between us and you that we were of your worship unaware.”	29	Meccan	1393
There, [on that Day], every soul will be put to trial for what it did previously, and they will be returned to Allah, their master, the Truth, and lost from them is whatever they used to invent.	30	Meccan	1394
Say, “Who provides for you from the heaven and the earth? Or who controls hearing and sight and who brings the living out of the dead and brings the dead out of the living and who arranges [every] matter?” They will say, “Allah,” so say, “Then will you not fear Him?”	31	Meccan	1395
For that is Allah, your Lord, the Truth. And what can be beyond truth except error? So how are you averted?	32	Meccan	1396
Thus the word of your Lord has come into effect upon those who defiantly disobeyed – that they will not believe.	33	Meccan	1397
Say, “Are there of your ‘partners’ any who begins creation and then repeats it?” Say, “Allah begins creation and then repeats it, so how are you deluded?”	34	Meccan	1398
Say, “Are there of your ‘partners’ any who guides to the truth?” Say, “Allah guides to the truth. So is He who guides to the truth more worthy to be followed or he who guides not unless he is guided? Then what is [wrong] with you – how do you judge?”	35	Meccan	1399
And most of them follow not except assumption. Indeed, assumption avails not against the truth at all. Indeed, Allah is Knowing of what they do.	36	Meccan	1400
And it was not [possible] for this Qur’an to be produced by other than Allah, but [it is] a confirmation of what was before it and a detailed explanation of the [former] Scripture, about which there is no doubt, from the Lord of the worlds.	37	Meccan	1401
Or do they say [about the Prophet], “He invented it?” Say, “Then bring forth a surah like it and call upon [for assistance] whomever you can besides Allah, if you should be truthful.”	38	Meccan	1402
Rather, they have denied that which they encompass not in knowledge and whose interpretation has not yet come to them. Thus did those before them deny. Then observe how was the end of the wrongdoers.	39	Meccan	1403
And of them are those who believe in it, and of them are those who do not believe in it. And your Lord is most knowing of the corrupters	40	Meccan	1404
And if they deny you, [O Muhammad], then say, “For me are my deeds, and for you are your deeds. You are disassociated from what I do, and I am disassociated from what you do.”	41	Meccan	1405
And among them are those who listen to you. But can you cause the deaf to hear, although they will not use reason?	42	Meccan	1406
And among them are those who look at you. But can you guide the blind although they will not [attempt to] see?	43	Meccan	1407
Indeed, Allah does not wrong the people at all, but it is the people who are wronging themselves.	44	Meccan	1408
And on the Day when He will gather them, [it will be] as if they had not remained [in the world] but an hour of the day, [and] they will know each other. Those will have lost who denied the meeting with Allah and were not guided	45	Meccan	1409
And whether We show you some of what We promise them, [O Muhammad], or We take you in death, to Us is their return; then, [either way], Allah is a witness concerning what they are doing	46	Meccan	1410
And for every nation is a messenger. So when their messenger comes, it will be judged between them in justice, and they will not be wronged	47	Meccan	1411
And they say, “When is [the fulfillment of] this promise, if you should be truthful?”	48	Meccan	1412
Say, “I possess not for myself any harm or benefit except what Allah should will. For every nation is a [specified] term. When their time has come, then they will not remain behind an hour, nor will they precede [it].”	49	Meccan	1413
Say, “Have you considered: if His punishment should come to you by night or by day – for which [aspect] of it would the criminals be impatient?”	50	Meccan	1414
Then is it that when it has [actually] occurred you will believe in it? Now? And you were [once] for it impatient	51	Meccan	1415
Then it will be said to those who had wronged, “Taste the punishment of eternity; are you being recompensed except for what you used to earn?”	52	Meccan	1416
And they ask information of you, [O Muhammad], “Is it true?” Say, “Yes, by my Lord. Indeed, it is truth; and you will not cause failure [to Allah].”	53	Meccan	1417
And if each soul that wronged had everything on earth, it would offer it in ransom. And they will confide regret when they see the punishment; and they will be judged in justice, and they will not be wronged	54	Meccan	1418
Unquestionably, to Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens and the earth. Unquestionably, the promise of Allah is truth, but most of them do not know	55	Meccan	1419
He gives life and causes death, and to Him you will be returned	56	Meccan	1420
O mankind, there has to come to you instruction from your Lord and healing for what is in the breasts and guidance and mercy for the believers.	57	Meccan	1421
Say, “In the bounty of Allah and in His mercy – in that let them rejoice; it is better than what they accumulate.”	58	Meccan	1422
Say, “Have you seen what Allah has sent down to you of provision of which you have made [some] lawful and [some] unlawful?” Say, “Has Allah permitted you [to do so], or do you invent [something] about Allah?”	59	Meccan	1423
And what will be the supposition of those who invent falsehood about Allah on the Day of Resurrection? Indeed, Allah is full of bounty to the people, but most of them are not grateful.”	60	Meccan	1424
And, [O Muhammad], you are not [engaged] in any matter or recite any of the Qur’an and you [people] do not do any deed except that We are witness over you when you are involved in it. And not absent from your Lord is any [part] of an atom’s weight within the earth or within the heaven or [anything] smaller than that or greater but that it is in a clear register.	61	Meccan	1425
Unquestionably, [for] the allies of Allah there will be no fear concerning them, nor will they grieve	62	Meccan	1426
Those who believed and were fearing Allah	63	Meccan	1427
For them are good tidings in the worldly life and in the Hereafter. No change is there in the words of Allah. That is what is the great attainment.	64	Meccan	1428
And let not their speech grieve you. Indeed, honor [due to power] belongs to Allah entirely. He is the Hearing, the Knowing.	65	Meccan	1429
Unquestionably, to Allah belongs whoever is in the heavens and whoever is on the earth. And those who invoke other than Allah do not [actually] follow [His] “partners.” They follow not except assumption, and they are not but falsifying	66	Meccan	1430
It is He who made for you the night to rest therein and the day, giving sight. Indeed in that are signs for a people who listen.	67	Meccan	1431
They have said, “Allah has taken a son.” Exalted is He; He is the [one] Free of need. To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is in the earth. You have no authority for this [claim]. Do you say about Allah that which you do not know?	68	Meccan	1432
Say, “Indeed, those who invent falsehood about Allah will not succeed.”	69	Meccan	1433
[For them is brief] enjoyment in this world; then to Us is their return; then We will make them taste the severe punishment because they used to disbelieve	70	Meccan	1434
And recite to them the news of Noah, when he said to his people, “O my people, if my residence and my reminding of the signs of Allah has become burdensome upon you – then I have relied upon Allah. So resolve upon your plan and [call upon] your associates. Then let not your plan be obscure to you. Then carry it out upon me and do not give me respite.	71	Meccan	1435
And if you turn away [from my advice] then no payment have I asked of you. My reward is only from Allah, and I have been commanded to be of the Muslims.”	72	Meccan	1436
And they denied him, so We saved him and those with him in the ship and made them successors, and We drowned those who denied Our signs. Then see how was the end of those who were warned.	73	Meccan	1437
Then We sent after him messengers to their peoples, and they came to them with clear proofs. But they were not to believe in that which they had denied before. Thus We seal over the hearts of the transgressors	74	Meccan	1438
Then We sent after them Moses and Aaron to Pharaoh and his establishment with Our signs, but they behaved arrogantly and were a criminal people	75	Meccan	1439
So when there came to them the truth from Us, they said, “Indeed, this is obvious magic.”	76	Meccan	1440
Moses said, “Do you say [thus] about the truth when it has come to you? Is this magic? But magicians will not succeed.”	77	Meccan	1441
They said, “Have you come to us to turn us away from that upon which we found our fathers and so that you two may have grandeur in the land? And we are not believers in you.”	78	Meccan	1442
And Pharaoh said, “Bring to me every learned magician.”	79	Meccan	1443
So when the magicians came, Moses said to them, “Throw down whatever you will throw.”	80	Meccan	1444
And when they had thrown, Moses said, “What you have brought is [only] magic. Indeed, Allah will expose its worthlessness. Indeed, Allah does not amend the work of corrupters.	81	Meccan	1445
And Allah will establish the truth by His words, even if the criminals dislike it.”	82	Meccan	1446
But no one believed Moses, except [some] youths among his people, for fear of Pharaoh and his establishment that they would persecute them. And indeed, Pharaoh was haughty within the land, and indeed, he was of the transgressors	83	Meccan	1447
And Moses said, “O my people, if you have believed in Allah, then rely upon Him, if you should be Muslims.”	84	Meccan	1448
So they said, “Upon Allah do we rely. Our Lord, make us not [objects of] trial for the wrongdoing people	85	Meccan	1449
And save us by Your mercy from the disbelieving people.”	86	Meccan	1450
And We inspired to Moses and his brother, “Settle your people in Egypt in houses and make your houses [facing the] qiblah and establish prayer and give good tidings to the believers.”	87	Meccan	1451
And Moses said, “Our Lord, indeed You have given Pharaoh and his establishment splendor and wealth in the worldly life, our Lord, that they may lead [men] astray from Your way. Our Lord, obliterate their wealth and harden their hearts so that they will not believe until they see the painful punishment.”	88	Meccan	1452
[Allah] said, “Your supplication has been answered.” So remain on a right course and follow not the way of those who do not know.”	89	Meccan	1453
And We took the Children of Israel across the sea, and Pharaoh and his soldiers pursued them in tyranny and enmity until, when drowning overtook him, he said, “I believe that there is no deity except that in whom the Children of Israel believe, and I am of the Muslims.”	90	Meccan	1454
Now? And you had disobeyed [Him] before and were of the corrupters?	91	Meccan	1455
So today We will save you in body that you may be to those who succeed you a sign. And indeed, many among the people, of Our signs, are heedless	92	Meccan	1456
And We had certainty settled the Children of Israel in an agreeable settlement and provided them with good things. And they did not differ until [after] knowledge had come to them. Indeed, your Lord will judge between them on the Day of Resurrection concerning that over which they used to differ	93	Meccan	1457
So if you are in doubt, [O Muhammad], about that which We have revealed to you, then ask those who have been reading the Scripture before you. The truth has certainly come to you from your Lord, so never be among the doubters.	94	Meccan	1458
And never be of those who deny the signs of Allah and [thus] be among the losers.	95	Meccan	1459
Indeed, those upon whom the word of your Lord has come into effect will not believe,	96	Meccan	1460
Even if every sign should come to them, until they see the painful punishment.	97	Meccan	1461
Then has there not been a [single] city that believed so its faith benefited it except the people of Jonah? When they believed, We removed from them the punishment of disgrace in worldly life and gave them enjoyment for a time.	98	Meccan	1462
And had your Lord willed, those on earth would have believed – all of them entirely. Then, [O Muhammad], would you compel the people in order that they become believers?	99	Meccan	1463
And it is not for a soul to believe except by permission of Allah, and He will place defilement upon those who will not use reason.	100	Meccan	1464
Say, “Observe what is in the heavens and earth.” But of no avail will be signs or warners to a people who do not believe	101	Meccan	1465
So do they wait except for like [what occurred in] the days of those who passed on before them? Say, “Then wait; indeed, I am with you among those who wait.”	102	Meccan	1466
Then We will save our messengers and those who have believed. Thus, it is an obligation upon Us that We save the believers	103	Meccan	1467
Say, [O Muhammad], “O people, if you are in doubt as to my religion – then I do not worship those which you worship besides Allah; but I worship Allah, who causes your death. And I have been commanded to be of the believers	104	Meccan	1468
And [commanded], ‘Direct your face toward the religion, inclining to truth, and never be of those who associate others with Allah;	105	Meccan	1469
And do not invoke besides Allah that which neither benefits you nor harms you, for if you did, then indeed you would be of the wrongdoers.'”	106	Meccan	1470
And if Allah should touch you with adversity, there is no remover of it except Him; and if He intends for you good, then there is no repeller of His bounty. He causes it to reach whom He wills of His servants. And He is the Forgiving, the Merciful	107	Meccan	1471
Say, “O mankind, the truth has come to you from your Lord, so whoever is guided is only guided for [the benefit of] his soul, and whoever goes astray only goes astray [in violation] against it. And I am not over you a manager.”	108	Meccan	1472
And follow what is revealed to you, [O Muhammad], and be patient until Allah will judge. And He is the best of judges.	109	Meccan	1473