Sam Shoemaker
{"TemplateVersion":"aa-profile-v2-linea-keys","WpPageId":540448,"ParentWpPageId":538638,"Slug":"sam-shoemaker","Title":"Sam Shoemaker","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/logos/lengua/peoples/cultures/praying/pghaa/aa-history/sam-shoemaker/","Kicker":"ALCOHOLICS ANONYMOUS PROFILE","DisplayTitle":"Sam Shoemaker","Deck":"Episcopal priest and Oxford Group leader whose spiritual language and practices influenced the early A.A. approach to surrender, self-examination, and service.","BackLink":{"Text":"Back to A.A. History","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/logos/lengua/peoples/cultures/praying/pghaa/aa-history/"},"ContextCards":[{"Label":"Period","Title":"Modern History","DateText":"1800 CE – 1945 CE","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/logos/linea/time/history/historical-events/human-history/modern-history/"},{"Label":"Era","Title":"Long 19th Century","DateText":"1870 CE – 1914 CE","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/logos/linea/time/history/historical-events/human-history/modern-history/long-19th-century/"},{"Label":"Born","Title":"1893 CE","DateText":"","Url":""},{"Label":"Died","Title":"1963 CE","DateText":"","Url":""}],"GeoCards":[{"Label":"Terra Avita","Key":"Linea:TerraAvita:North America"},{"Label":"Terra Avita Region","Key":"Linea:TerraAvitaRegion:Appalachian–Atlantic Highlands"},{"Label":"Modern Country","Key":"Linea:Country:USA"},{"Label":"State","Key":"Linea:State:MD"}],"School":null,"Birthplace":{"Title":"Baltimore, Maryland, United States"},"Images":[{"ImageMasterId":0,"ImageOrdinal":1,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/sam-shoemaker-01-rev-sam-shoemaker-in-formal-portrait.jpg","Alt":"Rev. Sam Shoemaker in formal portrait.","Caption":"The Reverend Samuel Moor Shoemaker, rector of Calvary Episcopal Church and an important spiritual influence upon early Alcoholics Anonymous. Through Calvary House, Calvary Mission, and his Oxford Group leadership, Shoemaker helped form the religious and practical setting from which Ebby Thacher carried a recovery message to Bill Wilson. A.A.W.S. recognizes his teaching as a direct influence on the principles later expressed in the Twelve Steps.","Description":"Shoemaker’s face emerges abruptly from a nearly black field, turned slightly toward his right while his eyes look directly toward the viewer. His brows rise gently above deep-set eyes, and the corners of his mouth lift into a restrained, companionable smile. Short hair is combed back from a side part in smooth ridges, its upper edges sharply illuminated against the dark background. A narrow white clerical collar appears at the base of his throat, the only bright element in an otherwise almost completely black garment. Hard light divides the face into opposing zones. The forehead, left cheek, nose, and upper lip flare toward white, while the opposite temple, eye socket, jaw, and ear descend into dense shadow. Fine wrinkles around the eyes and mouth survive as dark linear accents, giving the expression both warmth and gravity. Behind him, faint vertical bands and a pale rectangular interruption suggest an interior without resolving into recognizable architecture or furniture. The reproduction’s green-blue cast, clipped highlights, crushed blacks, and coarse compression transform the portrait into a stark pattern of illuminated features and darkness. Much of the clothing and background has disappeared, leaving the face and clerical collar to carry the image. That severity lends the surviving likeness an almost emblematic quality: a pastor’s identity reduced to expression, light, and the unmistakable sign of his vocation.","WpMediaId":540753,"SourcePageUrl":"https://aamo.info/aabbsg/aahistoryphotos/page11.html","SourceImageUrl":"https://aamo.info/aabbsg/images/Sam.jpg","LocalPath":"work/aa_final_uploads/sam-shoemaker-01-rev-sam-shoemaker-in-formal-portrait.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":0,"ImageOrdinal":2,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/sam-shoemaker-02-sam-shoemaker-seated-in-clerical-dress.png","Alt":"Sam Shoemaker seated in clerical dress.","Caption":"The Reverend Samuel Moor Shoemaker sits in clerical dress in the portrait selected by A.A.W.S. for its archival exhibition. As rector of Calvary Episcopal Church and a leader in Oxford Group work, Shoemaker helped create the setting through which Ebby Thacher carried a recovery message to Bill Wilson. His teaching became an important source for the spiritual and practical principles later articulated in Alcoholics Anonymous and the Twelve Steps.","Description":"Shoemaker sits upright at the center of a broad upholstered armchair, his forearms resting firmly on its patterned arms and his fingers interlaced before his chest. He looks directly toward the camera with a steady, mildly questioning expression: brows slightly raised, mouth closed, and head inclined almost imperceptibly to one side. His short gray hair is divided by a centered or nearly centered part and combed smoothly away from his forehead. A dark clerical suit or cassock envelops his torso in an uninterrupted field of black. The narrow white collar at his throat establishes his vocation immediately, while broad white shirt cuffs and a sharply folded pocket square add bright geometric accents. A wristwatch emerges at his left cuff, and a ring catches the light on one of his clasped hands. The intertwined fingers, squared shoulders, and level gaze create an impression of patient attention and disciplined self-possession. The room extends around him with unusual richness. At the left, a large pleated lampshade descends into the frame above a dark table. Wood paneling or a mantel crosses the wall behind the chair, with heavy curtains rising into shadow. At the right, another wooden chair stands partly illuminated before darker shelving or furniture. Light enters from that side, spreading across the floor and striking Shoemaker’s forehead, hands, cuffs, and the right arm of the chair. The historical photograph retains scattered dust, scratches, pale flecks, and coarse grain, especially across the dark clothing and background. A.A.W.S.’s modern orange border and charcoal inner field frame the monochrome portrait as an exhibition object, giving the intimate interior scene a deliberately commemorative presence.","WpMediaId":540767,"SourcePageUrl":"https://www.aa.org/aa-archives-exhibits","SourceImageUrl":"https://www.aa.org/sites/default/files/2021-05/SamShoemaker_73H.jpg","LocalPath":"work/aa_final_uploads/sam-shoemaker-02-sam-shoemaker-seated-in-clerical-dress.png"},{"ImageMasterId":0,"ImageOrdinal":3,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/sam-shoemaker-03-sam-shoemaker-in-close-portrait.jpg","Alt":"Sam Shoemaker in close portrait.","Caption":"The Reverend Samuel Moor Shoemaker appears in a stark close portrait that later circulated through multiple histories of Alcoholics Anonymous. As rector of Calvary Episcopal Church and a leader in Oxford Group work, Shoemaker helped create the setting through which Ebby Thacher carried a recovery message to Bill Wilson. The image’s repeated use reflects how this forceful likeness became closely associated with Shoemaker’s formative influence upon A.A.’s spiritual principles and the Twelve Steps.","Description":"Shoemaker’s face dominates the narrow vertical composition, emerging from darkness beneath a sharply illuminated crown of neatly combed hair. He turns slightly toward his right while meeting the viewer with deep-set eyes and a restrained smile that softens the portrait’s otherwise severe contrasts. Strong light washes across his forehead, nose, cheek, and upper lip, leaving the opposite temple, eye socket, jaw, and ear in heavy shadow. Fine creases remain visible around his eyes and mouth, giving his expression a mixture of warmth, attentiveness, and gravity. His dark clerical garment merges almost completely with the surrounding black field; only the narrow white collar at his throat remains distinct, making his vocation the composition’s clearest symbolic detail. Faint vertical bands and a pale rectangular form survive behind him without resolving into recognizable architecture or furnishings. The reproduction carries a pronounced green-blue cast, coarse grain, clipped highlights, and dense blocked shadows. Those tonal losses reduce the portrait to its most expressive elements—Shoemaker’s illuminated features, quiet smile, and clerical collar—giving the likeness an austere, almost emblematic presence.","WpMediaId":540784,"SourcePageUrl":"https://www.rewritables.net/cybriety/rev__sam_shoemaker.htm","SourceImageUrl":"https://www.rewritables.net/cybriety/Sam.jpg","LocalPath":"work/aa_final_uploads/sam-shoemaker-03-sam-shoemaker-in-close-portrait.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":0,"ImageOrdinal":4,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/sam-shoemaker-04-sam-shoemaker-seated-in-clerical-dress.jpg","Alt":"Sam Shoemaker seated in clerical dress.","Caption":"The Reverend Samuel Moor Shoemaker sits before shelves of books in a formal clerical portrait. As rector of Calvary Episcopal Church and a leader in Oxford Group work, Shoemaker helped shape the religious and practical environment through which Ebby Thacher carried a recovery message to Bill Wilson. His ministry and teaching influenced principles later expressed in Alcoholics Anonymous and the Twelve Steps, making this composed image of the priest and teacher especially resonant within A.A. history.","Description":"Shoemaker sits forward in a dark, high-backed wooden chair, his shoulders squared and his interlaced hands resting prominently in his lap. His eyes turn slightly to the viewer’s left beneath gently raised brows, and a faint closed-mouth smile gives his expression a measured warmth. Dark hair is parted and combed back in shallow waves, with a few lighter strands catching the illumination above his forehead. A black clerical garment covers his body in a nearly continuous field of shadow. Against it, the narrow white collar, broad shirt cuffs, and sharply folded pocket square form three crisp areas of light. His fingers weave together loosely rather than locking in tension; their overlapping forms and the bright cuffs create the portrait’s strongest concentration of detail below his face. Behind him, shelves of uniformly bound volumes extend across the left side and upper background. Their vertical spines form a subdued architectural pattern around his head, while the polished crest of the chair rises in a curved highlight behind his right shoulder. Light falls diagonally across his forehead, cheekbones, nose, collar, and hands, leaving the right side of his clothing and much of the room in deep shadow. The printed reproduction is enclosed by a narrow double border that leans slightly within the frame. Softened book spines, compressed middle tones, scattered surface marks, and small abrasions reveal the photograph’s passage through print and later reproduction. Despite those losses, the image retains a carefully balanced formality: Shoemaker’s face, clerical collar, pocket square, and clasped hands emerge in descending stages from the surrounding darkness, while the books and carved chair establish an atmosphere of study, authority, and reflective concentration.","WpMediaId":540785,"SourcePageUrl":"https://www.dailyoffice2019.com/commemorations/77d4c6bd-91a5-4140-9e03-3fb5210be20d","SourceImageUrl":"https://forallsaints.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/samuel-shoemaker.jpg","LocalPath":"work/aa_final_uploads/sam-shoemaker-04-sam-shoemaker-seated-in-clerical-dress.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":0,"ImageOrdinal":5,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/sam-shoemaker-05-sam-shoemaker-seated-in-clerical-dress.jpg","Alt":"Sam Shoemaker seated in clerical dress.","Caption":"The Reverend Samuel Moor Shoemaker appears in a later color-treated crop of the seated portrait preserved more fully by A.A.W.S. As rector of Calvary Episcopal Church and a leader in Oxford Group work, Shoemaker helped shape the spiritual environment through which Ebby Thacher carried a recovery message to Bill Wilson. The altered portrait’s continued circulation reflects the lasting place of Shoemaker’s teaching within historical accounts of Alcoholics Anonymous and the Twelve Steps.","Description":"Shoemaker sits upright within a broad patterned armchair, his clasped hands projecting toward the center of the composition. He holds his fingers in a loose interlaced arrangement, with the thumbs crossing near the top and the fingertips resting visibly against the opposite hand. A ring catches the light among the overlapping fingers, while a wristwatch emerges beneath his left cuff. His shoulders remain square and composed. He looks directly outward beneath slightly lifted brows, his mouth closed in a restrained expression that suggests patient attention rather than ceremony. His short hair, rendered pale gray by the added color, is parted near the center and combed smoothly away from his forehead. A nearly black clerical suit or cassock absorbs much of the light across his torso. The narrow white collar, broad cuffs, and sharply folded pocket square punctuate that dark mass with crisp geometric highlights. The chair’s upholstery survives at both sides as muted patches of rose, beige, and brown, its floral or medallion pattern most visible beneath his right elbow. Behind him, warm brown woodwork crosses the left side of the room, while darker shelves, furniture, or paneling dissolve into shadow at the right. The vertical crop removes the lamp, secondary chair, illuminated floor, and much of the surrounding interior visible in the fuller monochrome version. As a result, Shoemaker’s face, clerical collar, clasped hands, watch, ring, and pocket square carry nearly the entire composition. The applied color is subdued but uneven: the face and hands take on pink and ocher tones, the woodwork becomes brown, and the upholstery acquires muted decorative hues, while the clothing remains almost completely black. Grain, mottling, compressed detail, and abrupt transitions between illuminated skin and dark fabric reveal the derivative character of the reproduction. The close framing and introduced color make the portrait feel more immediate and personal, while sacrificing much of the spatial and tonal richness preserved in the broader historical photograph.","WpMediaId":540793,"SourcePageUrl":"https://storiesofrecovery.org/history.htm","SourceImageUrl":"https://storiesofrecovery.org/downloads/historic/SamShoemaker-C.jpg","LocalPath":"work/aa_final_uploads/sam-shoemaker-05-sam-shoemaker-seated-in-clerical-dress.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":0,"ImageOrdinal":6,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/sam-shoemaker-06-sam-shoemaker-in-clerical-portrait.jpg","Alt":"Sam Shoemaker in clerical portrait.","Caption":"The Reverend Samuel Moor Shoemaker smiles before shelves of books in this closely framed clerical portrait. Through his ministry at Calvary Episcopal Church and his leadership within the Oxford Group, Shoemaker helped shape the spiritual setting from which Ebby Thacher carried a recovery message to Bill Wilson. The portrait’s warmth offers a distinctive likeness of the priest and teacher whose ideas influenced the developing A.A. program and the Twelve Steps.","Description":"Shoemaker turns slightly toward the viewer’s left and smiles broadly, his parted lips revealing his upper teeth and deepening the creases that run from his nose toward the corners of his mouth. The smile lifts his cheeks and narrows his eyes, giving the face an animated warmth absent from his more reserved portraits. His brows remain strong and nearly level beneath a broad forehead. Short hair is divided by a side part and brushed smoothly back, with individual light strands tracing the contour above his temple. A narrow white clerical collar appears at the base of his throat, sharply separating his face from the dark garment below. The black clothing merges with the surrounding shadows, leaving only a faint diagonal seam or fold across the chest. Illumination falls strongly across the side of his forehead and face nearest the left edge, catching the brow, cheekbone, nose, teeth, and chin. The opposite side descends into softer gray, preserving enough detail to maintain the rounded form of his cheek and jaw. Rows of books extend horizontally behind him. Their narrow spines form alternating light and dark vertical marks, interrupted by the heavier horizontal edges of the shelves. The close crop cuts through both shoulders and leaves little of the room beyond this dense wall of volumes. Grain, softened focus, compressed highlights, and blocky tonal transitions are pronounced throughout the small reproduction. Fine details in the books, garment, hair, and skin have merged into broad patches, yet the essential relationships remain strong: the bright smile, white collar, dark clerical clothing, and ordered bookshelves combine into a compact portrait of sociability, vocation, and intellectual purpose.","WpMediaId":540804,"SourcePageUrl":"https://aaagnostica.org/frank-buchman-and-the-oxford-group/","SourceImageUrl":"https://aaagnostica.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Sam-Shoemaker.jpg","LocalPath":"work/aa_final_uploads/sam-shoemaker-06-sam-shoemaker-in-clerical-portrait.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":0,"ImageOrdinal":7,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/sam-shoemaker-07-sam-shoemaker-in-1918-portrait.jpg","Alt":"Sam Shoemaker in 1918 portrait.","Caption":"Samuel Moor Shoemaker appears in a formal suit-and-tie portrait later incorporated into an illustrated history of Alcoholics Anonymous. The surrounding timeline connects Shoemaker’s encounter with Frank Buchman and his ministry at Calvary Episcopal Church with the Oxford Group setting that influenced early A.A. This restrained likeness preserves a notably different public image of the man whose teaching helped shape principles later expressed in the Fellowship and the Twelve Steps.","Description":"Shoemaker turns his upper body slightly toward the viewer’s left while directing a level, intent gaze toward the camera. His expression is controlled and unsmiling, with the lips held together and one corner of the mouth lifted almost imperceptibly. Light falls broadly across his forehead, cheeks, nose, and chin, while narrow shadows beneath the brows and along the far side of the face give the features a firm sculptural definition. His short hair is parted near the center and arranged in loose waves that catch the light along the crown and temples. He wears a dark textured suit jacket over a crisp white shirt and a dark patterned necktie. The jacket’s diagonal weave remains faintly visible across the shoulder nearest the foreground, while the opposite lapel descends into shadow. The shirt collar forms two small white points around the knot of the tie, establishing the portrait’s only sharp contrast below his face. No clerical collar or other explicitly religious emblem appears. The background grades from charcoal behind the illuminated side of his head to nearly black around the opposite shoulder, separating his face and hair without revealing any setting. The portrait occupies a small dark rectangle inset within a much broader white field, preserving the appearance of a crop taken from a printed page or composite. Soft focus, limited tonal range, scattered grain, and enlarged halftone-like texture obscure fine detail in the hair, fabric, and eyes. Even with those losses, the balanced three-quarter pose, carefully modeled face, formal clothing, and concentrated gaze retain the deliberate gravity of a professionally composed public portrait.","WpMediaId":540811,"SourcePageUrl":"https://saddlebackclub.com/files/A-Timeline-History-of-Alcoholics-Anonymous-Pictures.pdf#page=75","SourceImageUrl":"https://saddlebackclub.com/files/A-Timeline-History-of-Alcoholics-Anonymous-Pictures.pdf#page=75","LocalPath":"work/aa_final_uploads/sam-shoemaker-07-sam-shoemaker-in-1918-portrait.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":0,"ImageOrdinal":8,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/aaws-timeline-001-5e9f6f0c3579.jpg","Alt":"A smiling clergyman in a dark clerical suit and white collar sits or stands before shelves of books. The photograph is monochrome and cropped at the chest.","Caption":"Rev. Dr. Samuel Moor Shoemaker smiles in clerical dress before a wall of books. A.A.W.S. uses this portrait to introduce Bill and Lois Wilson’s 1935 involvement with the Oxford Group at Calvary House in New York. As rector of Calvary Episcopal Church and an American leader of the Oxford Group, Shoemaker taught principles of personal guidance, self-examination, restitution, and one-to-one service that profoundly influenced Bill and the emerging A.A. program. The portrait matters because it gives individual presence to the clergyman Bill later described as one of Alcoholics Anonymous’ ‘indispensables.’","Description":"Shoemaker turns his upper body slightly toward the viewer’s right while lifting his face into a broad, animated smile. His narrowed eyes, raised cheeks, and parted lips create an expression of warmth and conversational energy rather than ceremonial solemnity. Neatly parted gray hair follows the curve of his head, with a small wave rising above the forehead. He wears a nearly black clerical suit over a black shirt and narrow white collar; a sharply folded white pocket square punctuates the dark jacket at his chest. A chain stretches across his lower torso to a pair of eyeglasses or pince-nez, which he gathers lightly in his hand near the lower right edge. Closely packed books rise behind him in alternating bands of dark spines and pale shelf edges, establishing the scholarly setting without distracting from his face. A light-colored book or sheet of paper rests at the far right, partly hidden by his arm. Strong monochrome contrast merges parts of the jacket into shadow while bright light models the forehead, cheeks, collar, pocket square, and hand. Slight softness, compressed highlights, and a close lower crop give the surviving reproduction the directness of a frequently circulated institutional portrait.","WpMediaId":542701,"SourcePageUrl":"https://www.aa.org/aa-timeline","SourceImageUrl":"https://www.aa.org/sites/default/files/timeline/assets/SYG022A.jpg","LocalPath":"outputs/pghaa-museum-collection/authoritative-images/raw/timeline/aaws-timeline/aaws-timeline-001-5e9f6f0c3579.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":0,"ImageOrdinal":9,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/aaws-sam-shoemaker-751df46713-1-9ed3eba2511a.png","Alt":"A wide 946-by-642 grayscale view looks diagonally across a Manhattan intersection toward a long stone church. The near end presents a gabled facade with a pointed central entrance, a large traceried or circular window above, and low tower bases at both sides. The building’s long side wall recedes across the frame through repeated pointed-arch windows, buttress-like vertical divisions, roof lines, and adjoining urban structures. No clearly identifiable person appears. The image does not depict Sam Shoemaker, Bill W., Ebby T., an Oxford Group meeting, a congregation, or hostel residents. No clothing or personal accessory can be described because no person is visibly represented. Visible street objects include an iron perimeter fence, sidewalk, curb, traffic-signal or sign pole, street fixtures, and parked or passing vehicles. The church facade includes pointed arches, carved stone details, a large circular or traceried window, roof planes, and truncated tower bases without their former wooden spires. The setting is an urban Manhattan streetscape at Calvary Church near Park Avenue South and East 21st Street. Adjacent buildings appear beyond the church, but the reviewed image does not reliably isolate or name Calvary House within the frame. The exact camera location and direction are not established by item-level metadata. Any street signage is too small to transcribe confidently. No printed caption, date, photographer credit, archive number, or building label is embedded in the visible image. Identification rests on the A.A.W.S. source context and architectural comparison, not on readable wording inside the photograph. The 946-by-642 PNG is a clean grayscale digital presentation with sufficient resolution for the major facade, side elevation, fence, roofline, and street context. Fine masonry detail and distant signs remain limited. A larger modern photograph of the same building was located during comparison research, but it was not verified as the same exposure; the A.A.W.S. file therefore remains the best verified file for this record.","Caption":"Calvary Church at 277 Park Avenue South, the Manhattan parish where the Rev. Samuel Moor Shoemaker's ministry intersected with the Oxford Group and the prehistory of Alcoholics Anonymous. Shoemaker built the adjoining Calvary House, opened in 1928; its hostel sheltered Ebby T., while Bill and Lois W. later attended Oxford Group meetings there. The photograph matters because it preserves the institutional setting in which Shoemaker's ministry and one-to-one spiritual practice influenced Bill's developing program of recovery.","Description":"Calvary Church rises abruptly from the East 21st Street sidewalk, its pale Gothic Revival masonry drawn upward through steep gables, narrow lancet windows, a circular rose window, dark foliate ornament, and projecting stone piers. The long side wall recedes toward Park Avenue in a procession of pointed windows and rooflines. An ornate iron fence encloses the narrow churchyard, where bare branches and a freestanding noticeboard break the regular geometry of the facade. At left, a traffic-signal pole carrying a “No Parking 8–6” sign divides the foreground from a line of parked cars and two pedestrians walking beneath distant Manhattan buildings. Bright sunlight washes the pavement and upper stonework while the windows, doorways, and architectural recesses retain deep gray shadows. The broad-angle perspective gives the church a forceful upward sweep; mild grain, softened highlights, and the preserved black border lend the photograph the quiet character of an archival urban record.","WpMediaId":542766,"SourcePageUrl":"https://www.aa.org/sam-shoemaker","SourceImageUrl":"https://www.aa.org/sites/default/files/2021-06/Sam%20Shoemaker_CavalryHouse_88.png","LocalPath":"outputs/pghaa-museum-collection/authoritative-images/raw/page-images/aaws-sam-shoemaker/aaws-sam-shoemaker-751df46713-1-9ed3eba2511a.png"}],"Video":null,"HasVideo":false,"IdentityFields":[{"Label":"Full Name","Value":"Samuel Moor Shoemaker"},{"Label":"Native Name","Value":"Samuel Moor Shoemaker"},{"Label":"Other Names","Value":"Sam Shoemaker; Reverend Sam Shoemaker"},{"Label":"Sex","Value":"Male"},{"Label":"Nationality","Value":"American"},{"Label":"Religion","Value":"Episcopalian"},{"Label":"Mother","Value":"Not established in cited public sources"},{"Label":"Father","Value":"Not established in cited public sources"}],"MajorWorks":[],"Relations":[],"Contributions":[],"OtherVoices":[],"ComponentSequence":["Page Shell","Top Action Back Link","Profile Kicker","Profile Title","Profile Deck","Visual Identity Section","Context Card Row","Period Card","Era Card","Born Card","Died Card","Geo Card Row","Region Card","Terra Avita Card","Terra Avita Region Card","Modern Country Card","Contribution/Birthplace Row","Contribution Card","Birthplace Card","Image Gallery Section","Image Modal","Main Content Container","Identity Fields Section"],"SectionTitles":["Identity Fields"],"Counts":{"ImageFigures":9,"VideoIframes":0,"MajorWorkCards":0,"RelationCards":0,"RelationChips":0,"ContributionCards":0},"Contribution":{"Label":"Contribution","Title":"Shaping A.A.’s spiritual practice","Url":"","Deck":"Shoemaker’s Oxford Group ministry influenced the early practices of self-examination, confession, restitution, prayer, and service that A.A. adapted for its own program.","Ring":"#8A5A2E","TerraRing":"#8A5A2E"},"LineaKeys":{"PeriodName":"Modern History","EraName":"Long 19th Century","TerraAvitaName":"North America","TerraAvitaRegionName":"Appalachian–Atlantic Highlands","CountryIso3":"USA","Region":null,"StateCode":"MD"}}