Operational definition
ATP-synthesis mechanism.
The synthesis of ATP using an ion-motive force generated by membrane-associated electron transport.
It includes:
- oxidative phosphorylation, when respiration drives the electron transport;
- photophosphorylation, when photochemical electron transport drives it;
- extracellular respiratory systems that generate an ion gradient through outward electron transfer.
It excludes ATP synthesis driven by an ion gradient produced through a non-electron-transfer pump unless that wider category is explicitly intended.
25.1 Oxidative phosphorylation
Respiratory electron transport produces an ion gradient that drives ATP synthesis.
25.2 Photophosphorylation
Light-driven electron transport or ion pumping produces the gradient.
25.3 Extracellular respiratory phosphorylation
External solid or electrode-associated electron transfer supports membrane energy conservation.