Energy and material are supplied through:
- placenta
- milk
- parental feeding
- host tissue
- symbiotic partner
- colony members
Operational definition
Developmental/dependency state.
A state in which a focal organism receives a biologically necessary or substantial resource subsidy from another living system.
The subsidy may come through:
- placenta;
- milk;
- parental feeding;
- colony provisioning;
- host tissue;
- symbiotic metabolism.
Dependence may be obligatory or partial.