After four centuries of Ottoman rule over Bosnia and Herzegovina, Austria-Hungary took control in 1878 and held the region until 1918, when it was incorporated into the newly created Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes. After World War II, Bosnia and Herzegovina joined the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY).
Bosnia and Herzegovina declared sovereignty in October 1991 and independence from the SFRY on 3 March 1992 after a referendum boycotted by ethnic Serbs. Bosnian Serb militias, with the support of Serbia and Croatia, then tried to take control of territories they claimed as their own. From 1992 to 1995, ethnic cleansing campaigns killed thousands and displaced more than two million people. On 21 November 1995, in Dayton, Ohio, the warring parties initialed a peace agreement, and the final agreement was signed in Paris on 14 December 1995.
The Dayton Accords retained Bosnia and Herzegovina’s international boundaries and created a multiethnic and democratic government composed of two entities roughly equal in size: the predominantly Bosniak-Bosnian Croat Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the predominantly Bosnian Serb-led Republika Srpska (RS). The Dayton Accords also established the Office of the High Representative to oversee the agreement’s implementation. In 1996, the NATO-led Stabilization Force (SFOR) took over responsibility for enforcing the peace. In 2004, European Union peacekeeping troops (EUFOR) replaced SFOR. As of 2022, EUFOR deploys around 1,600 troops in Bosnia in a peacekeeping capacity. Bosnia and Herzegovina became an official candidate for EU membership in 2022.
Current Country Profile
🇧🇦 Bosnia and Herzegovina
ContinentEurope
RegionAdriatic & Western Balkan Coast
Formation1992
Age34 years
Land Area51,447 sq km
Population
3.2M
GDP
$29.61B
GDP per Capita
$9K
Population
3.2M
GDP
$29.61B
GDP per Capita
$9K
GNI per Capita
$9K
Land Area
51,447 sq km
Current System
Autocracy
Benchmark Shelf
Population
3.2M World 8.1B Europe 866.8M
GDP
$29.61B World $109.24T Europe $29.08T
GDP per Capita
$9K World $14K Europe $34K
Life Expectancy
78.0 World 73.4 Europe 79.1
Internet Users
86.1% World 72.6% Europe 91.5%
Urban Population
52.1% World 57.4% Europe 76.1%
Trade Openness
95.2% World 54.7% Europe 86.6%
CO2 per Capita
6.45 World 4.69 Europe 6.80
Trend Wall
Population
2000-2024
3.2M
GDP
2000-2024
$29.61B
GDP per Capita
2000-2024
$9K
Life Expectancy
2000-2024
78.0
Internet Users
2000-2024
86.1%
Exports and Imports
2000-2024
$16.08B
ExportsImports
Fertility Rate
2000-2024
1.49
Urban Population
2000-2024
52.1%
Inflation
2006-2024
1.7%
Unemployment
2001-2025
11.0%
Electricity Access
1999-2023
100.0%
CO2 per Capita
2000-2024
6.45
Current Structure
Demographic Structure
Share of population
Child share 13.0%
Working-age share 64.7%
Elderly share 22.2%
Economic Structure
Share of value added
Agriculture 4.5%
Industry 22.4%
Services 56.6%
Other 16.5%
Land Use
Share of land area
Forest area 42.7%
Agricultural land 21.7%
Other land 35.5%
Electricity Mix
% of total electricity output
Fossil electricity 60.7%
Nuclear electricity 0.0%
Hydroelectricity 36.7%
Other renewables 2.7%
Energy Use Mix
% of total energy use
Fossil fuel energy 72.1%
Alternative and nuclear energy 9.2%
Combustible renewables and waste 18.7%
Milestone Timeline
Formation
1992
Modern state established
The modern sovereign-state footing used here begins in 1992.
Regime
1910
Constitution adopted
1995
Constitution adopted
External
2004
EU accession
In 2004, European Union peacekeeping troops (EUFOR) replaced SFOR.
Historical Footing
Before the modern state
Before 1992
The political traditions that preceded the modern state of Bosnia and Herzegovina shaped the institutional footing that followed.
State formation
1992
Bosnia and Herzegovina declared sovereignty in October 1991 and independence from the SFRY on 3 March 1992 after a referendum boycotted by ethnic Serbs.
Current footing
1992 to present
Today Bosnia and Herzegovina sits in Adriatic & Western Balkan Coast, with a current system of Autocracy.
Annual Explorer
Health
Infant Mortality
5.5
2024
-0.4 / 10y
W 19.0
C 4.4
Under-5 Mortality
6.9
2024
+0.2 / 10y
W 24.7
C 5.2
Maternal Mortality
6.0
2023
-1.0 / 10y
W 111.8
C 8.0
Physicians
2.58
2019
+0.91 / 10y
W 1.73
C 3.70
Hospital Beds
2.35
2019
+0.18 / 10y
W 3.04
C 5.19
Measles Immunization
69.0%
2024
-20.0 pts / 10y
W 88.9%
C 93.4%
Education
Secondary Enrollment
87.9%
2023
-4.4 pts / 10y
W 81.8%
C 104.9%
Tertiary Enrollment
45.5%
2023
-5.9 pts / 10y
W 52.0%
C 83.3%
Researchers
705.2
2024
+421.4 / 10y
W 1,283.1
C 2,246.1
Adult Literacy
97.0%
2013
+0.3 pts / 10y
W 78.9%
C 96.6%
Environment
CO2 Emissions
20,407
2024
-388 / 10y
W 37,916,447
C 5,832,517
Demography
Population Growth
-0.7%
2024
+0.6 pts / 10y
W 1.0%
C 0.3%
Density
61.5
2024
-8.1 / 10y
W n/a
C n/a
Median Age
44.9
2023
+4.8 / 10y
W 30.8
C 40.9
Net Migration
-6,994
2025
+26,954 / 10y
W n/a
C n/a
Connectivity
Mobile Subscriptions
121.2
2024
+23.3 / 10y
W 110.2
C 135.9
Fixed Broadband
29.4
2024
+14.2 / 10y
W 19.9
C 34.3
Secure Servers
5,554.2
2024
+5,493.9 / 10y
W 16,260.9
C 52,740.7
Economy
GDP Growth
3.0%
2024
+1.8 pts / 10y
W n/a
C n/a
Labor Force Participation
49.0%
2025
-0.9 pts / 10y
W n/a
C n/a
Deep Data
Demography
Demography summary
| Metric | Latest | Latest Year | Start | Peak | Low | 10y | 25y | World | Continent | Source | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Child Share | 13.0% | 2024 | 24.7%1992 | 25.5%1994 | 13.0%2024 | -1.4 pts / 10y | -7.7 pts / 25y25y | 24.8% | 16.3% | WorldBankWdi | |
| Fertility Rate | 1.49 | 2024 | 1.761992 | 1.761992 | 1.182006 | +0.23 / 10y | +0.13 / 25y25y | 2.17 | 1.42 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Elderly Share | 22.2% | 2024 | 7.4%1992 | 22.2%2024 | 7.4%1992 | +5.5 pts / 10y | +11.7 pts / 25y25y | 10.2% | 19.0% | WorldBankWdi | |
| Net Migration | -6,994 | 2025 | -436,8141992 | 173,1931996 | -436,8141992 | +26,954 / 10y | -15,132 / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| Working-Age Share | 64.7% | 2024 | 67.9%1992 | 69.8%2003 | 64.7%2024 | -4.0 pts / 10y | -4.1 pts / 25y25y | 65.1% | 64.6% | WorldBankWdi | |
| Population Growth | -0.7% | 2024 | -5.1%1992 | 4.2%1996 | -8.1%1993 | +0.6 pts / 10y | -1.7 pts / 25y25y | 1.0% | 0.3% | WorldBankWdi | |
| Population | 3.2M | 2024 | 4.2M1992 | 4.2M1992 | 3.2M2024 | -400.6K / 10y | -966.1K / 25y25y | 8.1B | 866.8M | WorldBankWdi | |
| Density | 61.5 | 2024 | 82.71992 | 82.71992 | 61.52024 | -8.1 / 10y | -19.2 / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | Derived | |
| Median Age | 44.9 | 2023 | 29.91992 | 44.92023 | 29.91992 | +4.8 / 10y | +12.8 / 25y25y | 30.8 | 40.9 | UNWorldPopulationProspects | |
| Urban Population | 52.1% | 2024 | 40.0%1992 | 52.1%2024 | 40.0%1992 | +5.0 pts / 10y | +9.9 pts / 25y25y | 57.4% | 76.1% | WorldBankWdi |
Demography year by year
| Year | Child Share | Fertility Rate | Elderly Share | Net Migration | Working-Age Share | Population Growth | Population | Density | Median Age | Urban Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1992 | 24.7% | 1.76 | 7.4% | -436,814 | 67.9% | -5.1% | 4.2M | 82.7 | 29.9 | 40.0% |
| 1993 | 25.5% | 1.73 | 8.1% | -178,416 | 66.4% | -8.1% | 3.9M | 76.3 | 30.9 | 40.3% |
| 1994 | 25.5% | 1.70 | 8.8% | -157,427 | 65.7% | -4.7% | 3.7M | 72.8 | 31.7 | 40.6% |
| 1995 | 24.8% | 1.67 | 9.3% | 126,914 | 65.9% | -0.3% | 3.7M | 72.6 | 32.1 | 40.9% |
| 1996 | 23.5% | 1.65 | 9.5% | 173,193 | 67.0% | 4.2% | 3.9M | 75.7 | 32.0 | 41.3% |
| 1997 | 22.4% | 1.69 | 9.7% | 80,133 | 67.9% | 3.6% | 4.0M | 78.5 | 31.9 | 41.6% |
| 1998 | 21.5% | 1.56 | 10.1% | 24,335 | 68.4% | 1.8% | 4.1M | 79.9 | 32.1 | 41.9% |
| 1999 | 20.7% | 1.37 | 10.5% | 25,495 | 68.8% | 1.0% | 4.1M | 80.7 | 32.4 | 42.2% |
| 2000 | 19.9% | 1.28 | 11.0% | 8,138 | 69.2% | 0.7% | 4.2M | 81.3 | 32.7 | 42.6% |
| 2001 | 19.1% | 1.23 | 11.4% | 9,055 | 69.5% | 0.5% | 4.2M | 81.6 | 33.0 | 42.9% |
| 2002 | 18.4% | 1.23 | 11.9% | -13,312 | 69.7% | 0.2% | 4.2M | 81.8 | 33.4 | 43.2% |
| 2003 | 17.8% | 1.22 | 12.4% | -27,396 | 69.8% | -0.2% | 4.2M | 81.6 | 33.9 | 43.5% |
| 2004 | 17.3% | 1.22 | 13.0% | -68,008 | 69.7% | -0.9% | 4.1M | 80.9 | 34.4 | 43.8% |
| 2005 | 16.9% | 1.20 | 13.5% | -37,086 | 69.7% | -1.1% | 4.1M | 80.0 | 35.0 | 44.2% |
| 2006 | 16.4% | 1.18 | 13.9% | -38,622 | 69.7% | -0.8% | 4.1M | 79.4 | 35.5 | 44.5% |
| 2007 | 16.1% | 1.19 | 14.2% | -65,335 | 69.7% | -1.2% | 4.0M | 78.4 | 36.1 | 44.8% |
| 2008 | 15.8% | 1.21 | 14.5% | -68,140 | 69.6% | -1.7% | 3.9M | 77.1 | 36.7 | 45.1% |
| 2009 | 15.7% | 1.27 | 14.8% | -68,182 | 69.5% | -1.7% | 3.9M | 75.8 | 37.4 | 45.4% |
| 2010 | 15.6% | 1.26 | 15.1% | -67,228 | 69.3% | -1.8% | 3.8M | 74.4 | 38.1 | 45.7% |
| 2011 | 15.4% | 1.21 | 15.5% | -64,875 | 69.1% | -1.8% | 3.7M | 73.1 | 38.8 | 46.1% |
| 2012 | 15.1% | 1.25 | 15.9% | -66,378 | 69.0% | -1.9% | 3.7M | 71.7 | 39.5 | 46.4% |
| 2013 | 14.8% | 1.28 | 16.3% | -37,002 | 68.9% | -1.6% | 3.6M | 70.5 | 40.1 | 46.7% |
| 2014 | 14.5% | 1.26 | 16.8% | -35,683 | 68.7% | -1.3% | 3.6M | 69.6 | 40.7 | 47.1% |
| 2015 | 14.3% | 1.32 | 17.3% | -33,948 | 68.5% | -1.3% | 3.5M | 68.7 | 41.2 | 47.6% |
| 2016 | 14.1% | 1.36 | 17.8% | -32,173 | 68.1% | -1.3% | 3.5M | 67.8 | 41.7 | 48.0% |
| 2017 | 14.0% | 1.42 | 18.3% | -30,650 | 67.7% | -1.3% | 3.4M | 67.0 | 42.2 | 48.5% |
| 2018 | 13.8% | 1.50 | 19.0% | -29,147 | 67.2% | -1.2% | 3.4M | 66.2 | 42.8 | 49.0% |
| 2019 | 13.7% | 1.51 | 19.6% | -27,841 | 66.7% | -1.2% | 3.3M | 65.3 | 43.3 | 49.5% |
| 2020 | 13.6% | 1.52 | 20.2% | -26,840 | 66.2% | -1.4% | 3.3M | 64.4 | 43.8 | 50.0% |
| 2021 | 13.5% | 1.49 | 20.7% | -25,865 | 65.8% | -1.7% | 3.2M | 63.4 | 44.2 | 50.5% |
| 2022 | 13.4% | 1.48 | 21.1% | -485 | 65.5% | -1.2% | 3.2M | 62.6 | 44.6 | 51.0% |
| 2023 | 13.2% | 1.49 | 21.6% | -485 | 65.1% | -0.6% | 3.2M | 62.2 | 44.9 | 51.6% |
| 2024 | 13.0% | 1.49 | 22.2% | -4,497 | 64.7% | -0.7% | 3.2M | 61.5 | 52.1% | |
| 2025 | -6,994 |
Economy
Economy summary
| Metric | Latest | Latest Year | Start | Peak | Low | 10y | 25y | World | Continent | Source | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labor Force Participation | 49.0% | 2025 | 55.1%1992 | 55.1%1992 | 47.5%2020 | -0.9 pts / 10y | -3.8 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| Unemployment | 11.0% | 2025 | 18.5%1992 | 31.1%2006 | 10.7%2023 | -16.7 pts / 10y | -14.4 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| Industry Value Added | 22.4% | 2024 | 25.9%1994 | 27.4%1998 | 19.8%2002 | +0.3 pts / 10y | -1.9 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| Agriculture Value Added | 4.5% | 2024 | 35.9%1994 | 35.9%1994 | 4.5%2024 | -1.4 pts / 10y | -8.7 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| Services Value Added | 56.6% | 2024 | 38.3%1994 | 56.8%2012 | 35.7%1996 | -0.2 pts / 10y | +12.1 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| GDP Growth | 3.0% | 2024 | -6.4%1992 | 54.2%1996 | -6.4%1992 | +1.8 pts / 10y | -6.6 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| GDP | $29.61B | 2024 | $4.74B1992 | $29.61B2024 | $1.26B1994 | +$11.05B / 10y | +$24.93B / 25y25y | $109.24T | $29.08T | WorldBankWdi | |
| GDP per Capita | $9K | 2024 | $1K1992 | $9K2024 | $3371994 | +$4K / 10y | +$8K / 25y25y | $14K | $34K | WorldBankWdi | |
| Inflation | 1.7% | 2024 | 6.1%2006 | 14.0%2022 | -1.6%2016 | +2.6 pts / 10y | -4.4 pts / 18y18y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| GNI per Capita | $9K | 2024 | $1K1992 | $9K2024 | $5101995 | +$4K / 10y | +$8K / 25y25y | $14K | $32K | WorldBankWdi |
Economy year by year
| Year | Labor Force Participation | Unemployment | Industry Value Added | Agriculture Value Added | Services Value Added | GDP Growth | GDP | GDP per Capita | Inflation | GNI per Capita |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1992 | 55.1% | 18.5% | -6.4% | $4.74B | $1K | $1K | ||||
| 1993 | 54.7% | 19.4% | -2.2% | $3.63B | $930 | $980 | ||||
| 1994 | 54.3% | 20.2% | 25.9% | 35.9% | 38.3% | 11.1% | $1.26B | $337 | $580 | |
| 1995 | 53.8% | 20.9% | 25.7% | 20.7% | 53.6% | 16.0% | $1.87B | $502 | $510 | |
| 1996 | 53.5% | 21.7% | 25.7% | 20.7% | 35.7% | 54.2% | $2.79B | $719 | $640 | |
| 1997 | 53.4% | 22.6% | 25.2% | 17.5% | 39.4% | 36.6% | $3.67B | $914 | $900 | |
| 1998 | 53.2% | 23.5% | 27.4% | 16.0% | 38.7% | 16.6% | $4.12B | $1K | $1K | |
| 1999 | 53.0% | 24.4% | 24.4% | 13.3% | 44.5% | 9.5% | $4.69B | $1K | $1K | |
| 2000 | 52.8% | 25.4% | 21.5% | 9.0% | 54.4% | 5.4% | $5.57B | $1K | $1K | |
| 2001 | 52.6% | 26.5% | 20.9% | 9.1% | 54.6% | 2.4% | $5.80B | $1K | $1K | |
| 2002 | 52.4% | 27.5% | 19.8% | 8.9% | 54.9% | 5.0% | $6.73B | $2K | $2K | |
| 2003 | 52.2% | 28.4% | 19.8% | 8.1% | 55.8% | 3.9% | $8.50B | $2K | $2K | |
| 2004 | 52.0% | 29.3% | 20.2% | 8.6% | 55.6% | 6.3% | $10.16B | $2K | $2K | |
| 2005 | 51.7% | 30.2% | 21.4% | 8.3% | 54.6% | 3.9% | $11.22B | $3K | $3K | |
| 2006 | 51.5% | 31.1% | 21.0% | 8.1% | 52.6% | 5.4% | $12.86B | $3K | 6.1% | $3K |
| 2007 | 51.4% | 29.0% | 21.8% | 7.7% | 52.5% | 5.9% | $15.78B | $4K | 1.5% | $4K |
| 2008 | 51.4% | 23.4% | 23.2% | 7.2% | 53.7% | 5.4% | $19.11B | $5K | 7.4% | $5K |
| 2009 | 51.3% | 24.1% | 22.9% | 7.1% | 55.6% | -3.0% | $17.61B | $5K | -0.4% | $5K |
| 2010 | 51.2% | 27.3% | 22.5% | 6.8% | 55.5% | 0.9% | $17.18B | $5K | 2.0% | $5K |
| 2011 | 50.9% | 27.6% | 22.2% | 6.8% | 55.8% | 1.0% | $18.64B | $5K | 3.7% | $5K |
| 2012 | 50.7% | 28.0% | 21.6% | 6.1% | 56.8% | -0.8% | $17.23B | $5K | 2.1% | $5K |
| 2013 | 50.4% | 27.5% | 22.3% | 6.8% | 56.2% | 2.3% | $18.18B | $5K | -0.1% | $5K |
| 2014 | 50.1% | 27.5% | 22.2% | 6.0% | 56.8% | 1.2% | $18.56B | $5K | -0.9% | $5K |
| 2015 | 49.9% | 27.7% | 21.7% | 6.0% | 54.9% | 4.3% | $16.40B | $5K | -1.0% | $5K |
| 2016 | 49.6% | 25.4% | 22.3% | 6.2% | 54.2% | 3.2% | $17.12B | $5K | -1.6% | $5K |
| 2017 | 49.4% | 20.5% | 23.1% | 5.4% | 54.5% | 3.2% | $18.33B | $5K | 0.8% | $5K |
| 2018 | 49.1% | 18.4% | 23.7% | 5.7% | 53.7% | 3.8% | $20.48B | $6K | 1.4% | $6K |
| 2019 | 48.8% | 15.7% | 23.2% | 5.5% | 54.6% | 2.9% | $20.48B | $6K | 0.6% | $6K |
| 2020 | 47.5% | 15.9% | 23.8% | 5.9% | 54.7% | -3.0% | $20.23B | $6K | -1.1% | $6K |
| 2021 | 47.7% | 14.9% | 24.8% | 5.0% | 53.9% | 7.4% | $23.67B | $7K | 2.0% | $7K |
| 2022 | 48.8% | 12.7% | 24.7% | 4.8% | 54.5% | 4.2% | $24.53B | $8K | 14.0% | $8K |
| 2023 | 49.4% | 10.7% | 23.7% | 4.7% | 55.9% | 2.0% | $27.59B | $9K | 6.1% | $8K |
| 2024 | 49.2% | 10.7% | 22.4% | 4.5% | 56.6% | 3.0% | $29.61B | $9K | 1.7% | $9K |
| 2025 | 49.0% | 11.0% |
Trade
Trade summary
| Metric | Latest | Latest Year | Start | Peak | Low | 10y | 25y | World | Continent | Source | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trade Openness | 95.2% | 2024 | 101.8%1994 | 125.7%1998 | 73.7%2009 | +4.6 pts / 10y | -26.7 pts / 25y25y | 54.7% | 86.6% | Derived | |
| Imports | $16.08B | 2024 | $1.09B1994 | $16.08B2024 | $1.09B1994 | +$5.58B / 10y | +$11.66B / 25y25y | $29.11T | $12.07T | WorldBankWdi | |
| Exports | $12.10B | 2024 | $194.00M1994 | $12.12B2023 | $194.00M1994 | +$5.80B / 10y | +$10.81B / 25y25y | $29.85T | $13.10T | WorldBankWdi |
Trade year by year
| Year | Trade Openness | Imports | Exports |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1992 | |||
| 1993 | |||
| 1994 | 101.8% | $1.09B | $194.00M |
| 1995 | 91.9% | $1.33B | $381.00M |
| 1996 | 107.5% | $2.34B | $658.00M |
| 1997 | 100.6% | $2.67B | $1.02B |
| 1998 | 125.7% | $4.05B | $1.12B |
| 1999 | 121.8% | $4.41B | $1.30B |
| 2000 | 85.4% | $3.53B | $1.22B |
| 2001 | 86.0% | $3.71B | $1.28B |
| 2002 | 78.7% | $4.01B | $1.29B |
| 2003 | 80.6% | $5.10B | $1.75B |
| 2004 | 81.8% | $6.02B | $2.29B |
| 2005 | 84.4% | $6.74B | $2.73B |
| 2006 | 79.8% | $6.89B | $3.38B |
| 2007 | 83.6% | $8.91B | $4.28B |
| 2008 | 86.2% | $11.34B | $5.13B |
| 2009 | 73.7% | $8.58B | $4.41B |
| 2010 | 81.0% | $8.81B | $5.10B |
| 2011 | 87.8% | $10.40B | $5.97B |
| 2012 | 88.1% | $9.61B | $5.57B |
| 2013 | 87.9% | $9.85B | $6.13B |
| 2014 | 90.6% | $10.50B | $6.31B |
| 2015 | 88.3% | $8.72B | $5.76B |
| 2016 | 88.2% | $8.96B | $6.15B |
| 2017 | 96.6% | $10.32B | $7.39B |
| 2018 | 98.4% | $11.56B | $8.60B |
| 2019 | 94.5% | $11.16B | $8.20B |
| 2020 | 82.5% | $9.69B | $7.00B |
| 2021 | 96.7% | $12.76B | $10.14B |
| 2022 | 110.2% | $15.19B | $11.85B |
| 2023 | 99.6% | $15.37B | $12.12B |
| 2024 | 95.2% | $16.08B | $12.10B |
Connectivity
Connectivity summary
| Metric | Latest | Latest Year | Start | Peak | Low | 10y | 25y | World | Continent | Source | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fixed Broadband | 29.4 | 2024 | 0.02000 | 29.42024 | 0.02000 | +14.2 / 10y | +29.4 / 24y24y | 19.9 | 34.3 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Secure Servers | 5,554.2 | 2024 | 11.52010 | 5,554.22024 | 11.52010 | +5,493.9 / 10y | +5,542.7 / 14y14y | 16,260.9 | 52,740.7 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Mobile Subscriptions | 121.2 | 2024 | 0.01992 | 121.22024 | 0.01992 | +23.3 / 10y | +120.0 / 25y25y | 110.2 | 135.9 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Internet Users | 86.1% | 2024 | 0.0%1996 | 86.1%2024 | 0.0%1996 | +36.2 pts / 10y | +85.9 pts / 25y25y | 72.6% | 91.5% | WorldBankWdi | |
| Electricity Access | 100.0% | 2023 | 100.0%1992 | 100.0%2023 | 98.5%2002 | +0.5 pts / 10y | 0.0 pts / 25y25y | 91.6% | 100.0% | WorldBankWdi |
Connectivity year by year
| Year | Fixed Broadband | Secure Servers | Mobile Subscriptions | Internet Users | Electricity Access |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1992 | 0.0 | 100.0% | |||
| 1993 | 0.0 | 100.0% | |||
| 1994 | 0.0 | 100.0% | |||
| 1995 | 0.0 | 100.0% | |||
| 1996 | 0.0 | 0.0% | 100.0% | ||
| 1997 | 0.2 | 0.1% | 100.0% | ||
| 1998 | 0.6 | 0.1% | 100.0% | ||
| 1999 | 1.3 | 0.2% | 100.0% | ||
| 2000 | 0.0 | 2.2 | 1.1% | 99.0% | |
| 2001 | 0.0 | 10.6 | 1.2% | 99.4% | |
| 2002 | 0.0 | 17.9 | 2.6% | 98.5% | |
| 2003 | 0.0 | 25.7 | 4.0% | 99.0% | |
| 2004 | 0.2 | 34.0 | 15.5% | 99.1% | |
| 2005 | 0.3 | 38.9 | 21.3% | 99.1% | |
| 2006 | 1.0 | 46.5 | 25.1% | 99.4% | |
| 2007 | 2.1 | 61.1 | 27.9% | 99.7% | |
| 2008 | 4.8 | 80.5 | 34.7% | 99.3% | |
| 2009 | 7.5 | 84.0 | 37.7% | 99.4% | |
| 2010 | 10.3 | 11.5 | 81.6 | 42.8% | 99.5% |
| 2011 | 11.5 | 17.6 | 84.8 | 43.9% | 99.7% |
| 2012 | 12.8 | 33.2 | 91.5 | 45.1% | 99.7% |
| 2013 | 14.3 | 40.7 | 96.6 | 48.5% | 99.5% |
| 2014 | 15.2 | 60.3 | 97.9 | 49.9% | 99.9% |
| 2015 | 18.0 | 80.1 | 97.9 | 52.6% | 99.7% |
| 2016 | 19.1 | 183.7 | 98.0 | 60.3% | 100.0% |
| 2017 | 20.4 | 1,465.3 | 100.3 | 64.9% | 100.0% |
| 2018 | 21.2 | 1,898.7 | 102.2 | 70.1% | 100.0% |
| 2019 | 22.3 | 2,620.8 | 112.3 | 69.9% | 100.0% |
| 2020 | 23.4 | 3,146.7 | 106.4 | 73.2% | 100.0% |
| 2021 | 24.6 | 3,956.7 | 114.9 | 75.7% | 100.0% |
| 2022 | 27.3 | 4,776.6 | 118.9 | 78.8% | 100.0% |
| 2023 | 28.4 | 5,345.9 | 117.7 | 83.4% | 100.0% |
| 2024 | 29.4 | 5,554.2 | 121.2 | 86.1% |
Education
Education summary
| Metric | Latest | Latest Year | Start | Peak | Low | 10y | 25y | World | Continent | Source | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adult Literacy | 97.0% | 2013 | 96.7%2000 | 97.0%2013 | 96.7%2000 | +0.3 pts / 10y | +0.3 pts / 13y13y | 78.9% | 96.6% | WorldBankWdi | |
| Researchers | 705.2 | 2024 | 55.32003 | 705.22024 | 55.32003 | +421.4 / 10y | +649.8 / 21y21y | 1,283.1 | 2,246.1 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Secondary Enrollment | 87.9% | 2023 | 81.0%2007 | 92.3%2013 | 81.0%2007 | -4.4 pts / 10y | +6.9 pts / 16y16y | 81.8% | 104.9% | WorldBankWdi | |
| Tertiary Enrollment | 45.5% | 2023 | 15.4%2000 | 57.0%2016 | 15.4%2000 | -5.9 pts / 10y | +30.1 pts / 23y23y | 52.0% | 83.3% | WorldBankWdi |
Education year by year
| Year | Adult Literacy | Researchers | Secondary Enrollment | Tertiary Enrollment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1992 | ||||
| 1993 | ||||
| 1994 | ||||
| 1995 | ||||
| 1996 | ||||
| 1997 | ||||
| 1998 | ||||
| 1999 | ||||
| 2000 | 96.7% | 15.4% | ||
| 2001 | 16.8% | |||
| 2002 | 17.0% | |||
| 2003 | 55.3 | 18.9% | ||
| 2004 | 57.3 | 21.1% | ||
| 2005 | 61.5 | 24.2% | ||
| 2006 | 164.4 | 27.0% | ||
| 2007 | 184.2 | 81.0% | 30.7% | |
| 2008 | 85.2% | 34.5% | ||
| 2009 | 87.0% | 37.0% | ||
| 2010 | 85.5% | 38.5% | ||
| 2011 | 87.7% | 42.0% | ||
| 2012 | 155.7 | 90.8% | 44.7% | |
| 2013 | 97.0% | 228.0 | 92.3% | 51.4% |
| 2014 | 283.7 | 90.3% | 54.2% | |
| 2015 | 353.7 | 85.7% | 55.5% | |
| 2016 | 406.9 | 83.2% | 57.0% | |
| 2017 | 471.5 | 83.7% | 54.5% | |
| 2018 | 459.8 | 85.6% | 49.8% | |
| 2019 | 451.0 | 85.5% | 46.7% | |
| 2020 | 446.1 | 85.6% | 43.8% | |
| 2021 | 445.7 | 85.7% | 45.1% | |
| 2022 | 540.1 | 87.0% | 45.6% | |
| 2023 | 669.8 | 87.9% | 45.5% | |
| 2024 | 705.2 |
Health
Health summary
| Metric | Latest | Latest Year | Start | Peak | Low | 10y | 25y | World | Continent | Source | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physicians | 2.58 | 2019 | 1.312000 | 2.582019 | 1.302002 | +0.91 / 10y | +1.27 / 19y19y | 1.73 | 3.70 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Hospital Beds | 2.35 | 2019 | 3.821998 | 3.821998 | 1.922001 | +0.18 / 10y | -1.47 / 21y21y | 3.04 | 5.19 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Measles Immunization | 69.0% | 2024 | 52.0%1992 | 96.0%2007 | 48.0%1993 | -20.0 pts / 10y | -14.0 pts / 25y25y | 88.9% | 93.4% | WorldBankWdi | |
| Maternal Mortality | 6.0 | 2023 | 30.01992 | 30.01992 | 6.02019 | -1.0 / 10y | -8.0 / 25y25y | 111.8 | 8.0 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Life Expectancy | 78.0 | 2024 | 52.01992 | 78.02024 | 50.91993 | +1.0 / 10y | +3.1 / 25y25y | 73.4 | 79.1 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Infant Mortality | 5.5 | 2024 | 32.41992 | 32.41993 | 5.32023 | -0.4 / 10y | -3.4 / 25y25y | 19.0 | 4.4 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Under-5 Mortality | 6.9 | 2024 | 62.31992 | 63.41993 | 6.02023 | +0.2 / 10y | -3.3 / 25y25y | 24.7 | 5.2 | WorldBankWdi |
Health year by year
| Year | Physicians | Hospital Beds | Measles Immunization | Maternal Mortality | Life Expectancy | Infant Mortality | Under-5 Mortality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1992 | 52.0% | 30.0 | 52.0 | 32.4 | 62.3 | ||
| 1993 | 48.0% | 26.0 | 50.9 | 32.4 | 63.4 | ||
| 1994 | 57.0% | 22.0 | 66.6 | 12.3 | 14.0 | ||
| 1995 | 53.0% | 19.0 | 70.2 | 14.3 | 20.1 | ||
| 1996 | 70.0% | 17.0 | 73.5 | 10.9 | 12.4 | ||
| 1997 | 86.0% | 16.0 | 73.9 | 10.2 | 11.7 | ||
| 1998 | 3.82 | 84.0% | 14.0 | 74.5 | 9.6 | 10.9 | |
| 1999 | 3.80 | 83.0% | 13.0 | 74.9 | 8.9 | 10.2 | |
| 2000 | 1.31 | 1.95 | 80.0% | 11.0 | 75.3 | 8.3 | 9.5 |
| 2001 | 1.30 | 1.92 | 92.0% | 11.0 | 75.6 | 7.8 | 8.9 |
| 2002 | 1.30 | 1.93 | 89.0% | 10.0 | 76.0 | 7.3 | 8.4 |
| 2003 | 1.33 | 1.93 | 84.0% | 10.0 | 76.4 | 6.9 | 8.0 |
| 2004 | 1.37 | 1.98 | 88.0% | 10.0 | 76.5 | 6.6 | 7.6 |
| 2005 | 1.41 | 2.00 | 90.0% | 9.0 | 76.4 | 6.4 | 7.4 |
| 2006 | 1.46 | 2.00 | 85.0% | 9.0 | 76.0 | 6.3 | 7.2 |
| 2007 | 1.54 | 2.03 | 96.0% | 9.0 | 76.2 | 6.2 | 7.1 |
| 2008 | 1.59 | 2.05 | 84.0% | 8.0 | 76.3 | 6.1 | 7.0 |
| 2009 | 1.67 | 2.17 | 93.0% | 8.0 | 76.7 | 6.0 | 6.9 |
| 2010 | 1.75 | 2.26 | 91.0% | 8.0 | 76.8 | 6.0 | 6.8 |
| 2011 | 1.84 | 2.30 | 89.0% | 7.0 | 77.0 | 5.9 | 6.8 |
| 2012 | 1.91 | 2.33 | 94.0% | 7.0 | 77.0 | 5.9 | 6.7 |
| 2013 | 2.00 | 2.27 | 92.0% | 7.0 | 77.1 | 5.9 | 6.7 |
| 2014 | 2.08 | 2.35 | 89.0% | 7.0 | 77.1 | 5.9 | 6.7 |
| 2015 | 2.11 | 2.37 | 83.0% | 7.0 | 77.1 | 5.9 | 6.7 |
| 2016 | 2.15 | 2.39 | 68.0% | 7.0 | 77.1 | 5.9 | 6.8 |
| 2017 | 2.16 | 2.39 | 69.0% | 7.0 | 77.4 | 6.0 | 6.8 |
| 2018 | 2.46 | 2.39 | 68.0% | 7.0 | 77.9 | 6.0 | 6.8 |
| 2019 | 2.58 | 2.35 | 79.0% | 6.0 | 77.4 | 5.9 | 6.7 |
| 2020 | 70.0% | 7.0 | 76.0 | 5.8 | 6.6 | ||
| 2021 | 61.0% | 13.0 | 74.6 | 5.7 | 6.4 | ||
| 2022 | 58.0% | 12.0 | 76.8 | 5.5 | 6.2 | ||
| 2023 | 55.0% | 6.0 | 77.9 | 5.3 | 6.0 | ||
| 2024 | 69.0% | 78.0 | 5.5 | 6.9 |
Environment
Environment summary
| Metric | Latest | Latest Year | Start | Peak | Low | 10y | 25y | World | Continent | Source | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land | 21.7% | 2023 | 43.0%1992 | 44.2%2021 | 21.7%2023 | -20.5 pts / 10y | -20.4 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| Renewable Electricity | 39.3% | 2021 | 52.2%1992 | 82.8%1995 | 24.4%2017 | +10.6 pts / 10y | -30.9 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| Fossil Fuel Energy | 0.0% | 2023 | 91.2%1992 | 94.0%2011 | 0.0%2016 | -92.5 pts / 10y | -85.6 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| CO2 Emissions | 20,407 | 2024 | 16,2291992 | 25,2682011 | 3,3001994 | -388 / 10y | +9,515 / 25y25y | 37,916,447 | 5,832,517 | WorldBankWdi | |
| CO2 per Capita | 6.45 | 2024 | 3.831992 | 7.102018 | 0.891994 | +0.62 / 10y | +3.81 / 25y25y | 4.69 | 6.80 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Forest Area | 42.7% | 2023 | 42.8%1992 | 42.8%1992 | 41.1%2010 | +1.0 pts / 10y | +1.1 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi |
Environment year by year
| Year | Agricultural Land | Renewable Electricity | Fossil Fuel Energy | CO2 Emissions | CO2 per Capita | Forest Area |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1992 | 43.0% | 52.2% | 91.2% | 16,229 | 3.83 | 42.8% |
| 1993 | 42.8% | 71.1% | 89.6% | 13,620 | 3.49 | 42.6% |
| 1994 | 42.6% | 81.5% | 67.4% | 3,300 | 0.89 | 42.4% |
| 1995 | 42.5% | 82.8% | 68.0% | 3,515 | 0.95 | 42.2% |
| 1996 | 42.4% | 70.2% | 73.0% | 4,399 | 1.14 | 42.0% |
| 1997 | 42.3% | 53.1% | 84.7% | 8,723 | 2.17 | 41.8% |
| 1998 | 42.2% | 50.2% | 85.6% | 11,051 | 2.70 | 41.6% |
| 1999 | 41.1% | 54.5% | 84.8% | 10,892 | 2.64 | 41.4% |
| 2000 | 41.6% | 48.8% | 87.9% | 14,281 | 3.43 | 41.2% |
| 2001 | 41.5% | 48.7% | 87.3% | 14,097 | 3.37 | 41.2% |
| 2002 | 41.5% | 48.8% | 87.7% | 14,828 | 3.54 | 41.2% |
| 2003 | 42.4% | 40.0% | 88.9% | 15,189 | 3.63 | 41.2% |
| 2004 | 42.4% | 47.0% | 89.0% | 16,034 | 3.87 | 41.2% |
| 2005 | 42.1% | 47.6% | 88.5% | 16,846 | 4.11 | 41.2% |
| 2006 | 42.2% | 44.0% | 90.5% | 18,691 | 4.60 | 41.1% |
| 2007 | 42.0% | 34.0% | 91.1% | 19,725 | 4.91 | 41.1% |
| 2008 | 41.6% | 32.8% | 92.3% | 21,652 | 5.49 | 41.1% |
| 2009 | 41.6% | 39.8% | 92.6% | 21,660 | 5.58 | 41.1% |
| 2010 | 41.9% | 46.9% | 91.7% | 22,218 | 5.83 | 41.1% |
| 2011 | 42.0% | 28.7% | 94.0% | 25,268 | 6.75 | 41.3% |
| 2012 | 42.1% | 29.9% | 91.9% | 23,311 | 6.35 | 41.5% |
| 2013 | 42.2% | 41.5% | 92.5% | 23,213 | 6.43 | 41.7% |
| 2014 | 42.1% | 36.8% | 20,796 | 5.83 | 42.0% | |
| 2015 | 42.5% | 35.6% | 85.3% | 20,831 | 5.92 | 42.2% |
| 2016 | 43.1% | 31.9% | 0.0% | 23,506 | 6.77 | 42.5% |
| 2017 | 43.5% | 24.4% | 0.0% | 23,990 | 7.00 | 42.7% |
| 2018 | 43.2% | 34.7% | 0.0% | 24,064 | 7.10 | 42.7% |
| 2019 | 43.3% | 37.0% | 0.0% | 22,598 | 6.75 | 42.7% |
| 2020 | 43.8% | 29.5% | 0.0% | 22,536 | 6.83 | 42.7% |
| 2021 | 44.2% | 39.3% | 0.0% | 23,010 | 7.09 | 42.7% |
| 2022 | 21.8% | 0.0% | 22,399 | 6.99 | 42.7% | |
| 2023 | 21.7% | 0.0% | 20,829 | 6.54 | 42.7% | |
| 2024 | 20,407 | 6.45 |
Generated 2026-04-12T13:32:39.7832570Z
Sources: CiaWorldLeaders | ConstituteChronology | CountryPageNarrative | CowStateSystem | GeoBoundariesADM0 | Roster | SiteModernCountryData | UNWorldPopulationProspects | WorldBankMetadata | WorldBankWdi