A large portion of present-day Moldovan territory became a province of the Russian Empire in 1812 and then unified with Romania in 1918 in the aftermath of World War I. This territory was then incorporated into the Soviet Union at the close of World War II. Although Moldova has been independent from the Soviet Union since 1991, Russian forces have remained on Moldovan territory east of the Nistru River in the breakaway region of Transnistria.
Years of Communist Party rule in Moldova from 2001 to 2009 ultimately ended with election-related violent protests and a rerun of parliamentary elections in 2009. A series of pro-Europe ruling coalitions governed Moldova from 2010 to 2019, but pro-Russia candidate Igor DODON won the presidency in 2016, and his Socialist Party of the Republic of Moldova won a plurality in the legislative election in 2019. Pro-EU reformist candidate Maia SANDU defeated DODON in his reelection bid in 2020, and SANDU’s Party of Action and Solidarity won a parliamentary majority in an early legislative election in 2021. Prime Minister Natalia GAVRILITA and her cabinet took office in 2021. In early 2023, Moldova’s parliament confirmed a new cabinet led by Prime Minister Dorin RECEAN, which retained the majority of the former ministers.
Current Country Profile
🇲🇩 Moldova
ContinentEurope
RegionEast European Continental Core
Formation1991
Age35 years
Land Area33,996 sq km
Population
2.4M
GDP
$18.20B
GDP per Capita
$8K
Population
2.4M
GDP
$18.20B
GDP per Capita
$8K
GNI per Capita
$7K
Land Area
33,996 sq km
Current System
Democracy
Benchmark Shelf
Population
2.4M World 8.1B Europe 866.8M
GDP
$18.20B World $109.24T Europe $29.08T
GDP per Capita
$8K World $14K Europe $34K
Life Expectancy
71.3 World 73.4 Europe 79.1
Internet Users
77.4% World 72.6% Europe 91.5%
Urban Population
43.5% World 57.4% Europe 76.1%
Trade Openness
88.7% World 54.7% Europe 86.6%
CO2 per Capita
3.42 World 4.69 Europe 6.80
Trend Wall
Population
2000-2024
2.4M
GDP
2000-2024
$18.20B
GDP per Capita
2000-2024
$8K
Life Expectancy
2000-2024
71.3
Internet Users
2000-2024
77.4%
Exports and Imports
2000-2024
$10.42B
ExportsImports
Fertility Rate
2000-2024
1.73
Urban Population
2000-2024
43.5%
Inflation
2000-2024
4.7%
Unemployment
2001-2025
1.5%
Electricity Access
1999-2023
100.0%
CO2 per Capita
2000-2024
3.42
Current Structure
Demographic Structure
Share of population
Child share 19.8%
Working-age share 64.0%
Elderly share 16.2%
Economic Structure
Share of value added
Agriculture 7.1%
Industry 16.8%
Services 62.3%
Other 13.8%
Land Use
Share of land area
Forest area 11.7%
Agricultural land 74.1%
Other land 14.2%
Electricity Mix
% of total electricity output
Fossil electricity 93.4%
Nuclear electricity 0.0%
Hydroelectricity 4.7%
Other renewables 1.8%
Energy Use Mix
% of total energy use
Fossil fuel energy 81.1%
Alternative and nuclear energy 1.8%
Combustible renewables and waste 17.1%
Milestone Timeline
Formation
1991
Independence
Although Moldova has been independent from the Soviet Union since 1991, Russian forces have remained on Moldovan territory east of the Nistru River in the breakaway region of Transnistria.
Regime
2001
Election crisis
Years of Communist Party rule in Moldova from 2001 to 2009 ultimately ended with election-related violent protests and a rerun of parliamentary elections in 2009.
2010
Election crisis
A series of pro-Europe ruling coalitions governed Moldova from 2010 to 2019, but pro-Russia candidate Igor DODON won the presidency in 2016, and his Socialist Party of the Republic of Moldova won a plurality in the legislative election in 2019.
2021
Leadership milestone
Prime Minister Natalia GAVRILITA and her cabinet took office in 2021.
2023
Leadership milestone
In early 2023, Moldova’s parliament confirmed a new cabinet led by Prime Minister Dorin RECEAN, which retained the majority of the former ministers.
External
1812
War milestone
Back to Europe A large portion of present-day Moldovan territory became a province of the Russian Empire in 1812 and then unified with Romania in 1918 in the aftermath of World War I.
2020
Election crisis
Pro-EU reformist candidate Maia SANDU defeated DODON in his reelection bid in 2020, and SANDU’s Party of Action and Solidarity won a parliamentary majority in an early legislative election in 2021.
Historical Footing
Before the modern state
Before 1991
The political traditions that preceded the modern state of Moldova shaped the institutional footing that followed.
State formation
1991
Although Moldova has been independent from the Soviet Union since 1991, Russian forces have remained on Moldovan territory east of the Nistru River in the breakaway region of Transnistria.
Current footing
1991 to present
Today Moldova sits in East European Continental Core, with a current system of Democracy.
Annual Explorer
Health
Infant Mortality
15.1
2024
+0.8 / 10y
W 19.0
C 4.4
Under-5 Mortality
16.5
2024
+0.7 / 10y
W 24.7
C 5.2
Maternal Mortality
19.0
2023
0.0 / 10y
W 111.8
C 8.0
Physicians
4.02
2023
+0.96 / 10y
W 1.41
C 3.81
Hospital Beds
5.54
2023
-0.55 / 10y
W 4.14
C 5.49
Measles Immunization
84.0%
2024
-6.0 pts / 10y
W 88.9%
C 93.4%
Education
Secondary Enrollment
99.3%
2024
-5.0 pts / 10y
W 83.4%
C 103.8%
Tertiary Enrollment
74.7%
2024
+22.6 pts / 10y
W 51.1%
C 72.9%
Researchers
649.9
2024
-275.4 / 10y
W 1,283.1
C 2,246.1
Adult Literacy
99.4%
2014
+2.7 pts / 10y
W 81.0%
C 96.8%
Environment
CO2 Emissions
8,208
2024
+167 / 10y
W 37,916,447
C 5,832,517
Demography
Population Growth
-2.3%
2024
-2.2 pts / 10y
W 1.0%
C 0.3%
Density
70.7
2024
-31.0 / 10y
W n/a
C n/a
Median Age
37.8
2023
+3.4 / 10y
W 30.8
C 40.9
Net Migration
-29,766
2025
+29,633 / 10y
W n/a
C n/a
Connectivity
Mobile Subscriptions
120.1
2024
+8.3 / 10y
W 110.2
C 135.9
Fixed Broadband
29.6
2024
+14.4 / 10y
W 19.9
C 34.3
Secure Servers
13,318.0
2024
+13,235.1 / 10y
W 16,260.9
C 52,740.7
Economy
GDP Growth
0.1%
2024
-4.9 pts / 10y
W n/a
C n/a
Labor Force Participation
72.3%
2025
+2.1 pts / 10y
W n/a
C n/a
Deep Data
Demography
Demography summary
| Metric | Latest | Latest Year | Start | Peak | Low | 10y | 25y | World | Continent | Source | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Child Share | 19.8% | 2024 | 27.6%1991 | 27.6%1991 | 17.3%2012 | +2.0 pts / 10y | -4.6 pts / 25y25y | 24.8% | 16.3% | WorldBankWdi | |
| Fertility Rate | 1.73 | 2024 | 2.281991 | 2.281991 | 1.452002 | -0.09 / 10y | +0.17 / 25y25y | 2.17 | 1.42 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Elderly Share | 16.2% | 2024 | 8.6%1991 | 16.2%2024 | 8.6%1991 | +5.1 pts / 10y | +6.2 pts / 25y25y | 10.2% | 19.0% | WorldBankWdi | |
| Net Migration | -29,766 | 2025 | -29,2041991 | 89,1542022 | -84,0392010 | +29,633 / 10y | +14,088 / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| Working-Age Share | 64.0% | 2024 | 63.8%1991 | 72.2%2012 | 63.7%1993 | -7.2 pts / 10y | -1.7 pts / 25y25y | 65.1% | 64.6% | WorldBankWdi | |
| Population Growth | -2.3% | 2024 | 0.1%1991 | 0.1%1991 | -2.8%2023 | -2.2 pts / 10y | -2.1 pts / 25y25y | 1.0% | 0.3% | WorldBankWdi | |
| Population | 2.4M | 2024 | 3.0M1991 | 3.0M1991 | 2.4M2024 | -455.5K / 10y | -528.3K / 25y25y | 8.1B | 866.8M | WorldBankWdi | |
| Density | 70.7 | 2024 | 135.51991 | 135.51991 | 70.72024 | -31.0 / 10y | -59.4 / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | Derived | |
| Median Age | 37.8 | 2023 | 29.21991 | 37.82023 | 29.21991 | +3.4 / 10y | +7.2 / 25y25y | 30.8 | 40.9 | UNWorldPopulationProspects | |
| Urban Population | 43.5% | 2024 | 46.9%1991 | 46.9%1991 | 39.2%2006 | +3.9 pts / 10y | +3.0 pts / 25y25y | 57.4% | 76.1% | WorldBankWdi |
Demography year by year
| Year | Child Share | Fertility Rate | Elderly Share | Net Migration | Working-Age Share | Population Growth | Population | Density | Median Age | Urban Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1991 | 27.6% | 2.28 | 8.6% | -29,204 | 63.8% | 0.1% | 3.0M | 135.5 | 29.2 | 46.9% |
| 1992 | 27.4% | 2.22 | 8.8% | -30,136 | 63.7% | 0.0% | 3.0M | 135.5 | 29.4 | 46.4% |
| 1993 | 27.2% | 2.11 | 9.1% | -31,526 | 63.7% | -0.2% | 3.0M | 135.3 | 29.7 | 46.1% |
| 1994 | 27.0% | 1.99 | 9.3% | -31,616 | 63.7% | -0.3% | 3.0M | 134.9 | 29.9 | 45.9% |
| 1995 | 26.7% | 1.83 | 9.5% | -31,975 | 63.8% | -0.5% | 3.0M | 134.2 | 30.1 | 45.7% |
| 1996 | 26.3% | 1.71 | 9.7% | -33,369 | 64.0% | -0.2% | 2.9M | 133.4 | 30.3 | 45.1% |
| 1997 | 25.8% | 1.79 | 9.8% | -41,743 | 64.4% | -0.4% | 2.9M | 132.5 | 30.4 | 44.9% |
| 1998 | 25.1% | 1.65 | 9.9% | -41,975 | 65.0% | 0.0% | 2.9M | 131.3 | 30.6 | 40.7% |
| 1999 | 24.4% | 1.56 | 10.0% | -43,111 | 65.7% | -0.2% | 2.9M | 130.1 | 30.8 | 40.5% |
| 2000 | 23.5% | 1.50 | 10.1% | -43,854 | 66.4% | -0.2% | 2.9M | 128.8 | 31.0 | 40.4% |
| 2001 | 22.5% | 1.47 | 10.2% | -45,043 | 67.2% | -0.2% | 2.9M | 127.4 | 31.2 | 39.7% |
| 2002 | 21.6% | 1.45 | 10.4% | -45,833 | 68.0% | -0.2% | 2.9M | 126.0 | 31.4 | 39.6% |
| 2003 | 20.7% | 1.48 | 10.5% | -46,947 | 68.9% | -0.3% | 2.9M | 124.5 | 31.5 | 39.6% |
| 2004 | 19.9% | 1.54 | 10.5% | -52,491 | 69.6% | -0.2% | 2.9M | 123.1 | 31.7 | 39.4% |
| 2005 | 19.3% | 1.53 | 10.6% | -68,681 | 70.1% | -0.2% | 2.9M | 121.3 | 31.9 | 39.4% |
| 2006 | 18.8% | 1.54 | 10.7% | -72,061 | 70.4% | -0.3% | 2.9M | 119.3 | 32.3 | 39.2% |
| 2007 | 18.4% | 1.58 | 10.9% | -75,734 | 70.7% | -0.2% | 2.9M | 117.1 | 32.6 | 39.4% |
| 2008 | 18.0% | 1.64 | 10.9% | -79,593 | 71.0% | -0.2% | 2.9M | 114.9 | 32.9 | 39.4% |
| 2009 | 17.7% | 1.72 | 10.8% | -83,546 | 71.4% | -0.1% | 2.9M | 112.7 | 33.2 | 39.3% |
| 2010 | 17.5% | 1.70 | 10.7% | -84,039 | 71.8% | -0.1% | 2.9M | 110.5 | 33.6 | 39.3% |
| 2011 | 17.4% | 1.65 | 10.5% | -82,271 | 72.1% | -0.1% | 2.9M | 108.2 | 33.9 | 39.3% |
| 2012 | 17.3% | 1.66 | 10.5% | -81,215 | 72.2% | 0.0% | 2.9M | 105.9 | 34.1 | 39.4% |
| 2013 | 17.4% | 1.62 | 10.6% | -77,571 | 71.9% | 0.0% | 2.9M | 103.7 | 34.4 | 39.4% |
| 2014 | 17.8% | 1.82 | 11.1% | -67,175 | 71.2% | -0.1% | 2.9M | 101.7 | 34.7 | 39.6% |
| 2015 | 18.2% | 1.87 | 11.7% | -59,399 | 70.1% | -0.8% | 2.8M | 100.0 | 35.0 | 39.7% |
| 2016 | 18.7% | 1.89 | 12.3% | -51,642 | 69.0% | -1.2% | 2.8M | 98.5 | 35.4 | 39.7% |
| 2017 | 19.1% | 1.81 | 12.8% | -43,871 | 68.0% | -1.7% | 2.8M | 97.1 | 35.8 | 40.0% |
| 2018 | 19.5% | 1.81 | 13.3% | -36,085 | 67.2% | -1.8% | 2.7M | 95.9 | 36.1 | 40.3% |
| 2019 | 19.8% | 1.78 | 13.8% | -41,233 | 66.4% | -1.6% | 2.7M | 94.7 | 36.5 | 40.8% |
| 2020 | 20.0% | 1.77 | 14.3% | -33,405 | 65.7% | -1.1% | 2.6M | 93.3 | 36.8 | 41.3% |
| 2021 | 20.1% | 1.75 | 14.7% | -33,405 | 65.2% | -1.5% | 2.6M | 92.0 | 37.2 | 41.8% |
| 2022 | 20.1% | 1.69 | 15.1% | 89,154 | 64.7% | -2.6% | 2.5M | 92.5 | 37.5 | 42.4% |
| 2023 | 20.0% | 1.73 | 15.6% | -18,570 | 64.4% | -2.8% | 2.5M | 93.3 | 37.8 | 43.0% |
| 2024 | 19.8% | 1.73 | 16.2% | -27,088 | 64.0% | -2.3% | 2.4M | 70.7 | 43.5% | |
| 2025 | -29,766 |
Economy
Economy summary
| Metric | Latest | Latest Year | Start | Peak | Low | 10y | 25y | World | Continent | Source | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labor Force Participation | 72.3% | 2025 | 58.9%1991 | 72.5%2022 | 54.8%2005 | +2.1 pts / 10y | +12.4 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| Unemployment | 1.5% | 2025 | 1.9%1991 | 11.1%1999 | 0.8%2021 | -0.3 pts / 10y | -7.0 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| Industry Value Added | 16.8% | 2024 | 28.4%1995 | 28.4%1995 | 16.8%2024 | -4.3 pts / 10y | -3.7 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| Agriculture Value Added | 7.1% | 2024 | 29.3%1995 | 29.3%1995 | 7.1%2023 | -7.0 pts / 10y | -17.8 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| Services Value Added | 62.3% | 2024 | 33.1%1995 | 62.3%2024 | 33.1%1995 | +10.8 pts / 10y | +12.8 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| GDP Growth | 0.1% | 2024 | -16.0%1991 | 13.9%2021 | -30.9%1994 | -4.9 pts / 10y | +3.5 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| GDP | $18.20B | 2024 | $3.09B1991 | $18.20B2024 | $1.17B1999 | +$8.80B / 10y | +$17.03B / 25y25y | $109.24T | $29.08T | WorldBankWdi | |
| GDP per Capita | $8K | 2024 | $1K1991 | $8K2024 | $3991999 | +$4K / 10y | +$7K / 25y25y | $14K | $34K | WorldBankWdi | |
| Inflation | 4.7% | 2024 | 1,026.8%1992 | 1,613.6%1993 | -0.1%2009 | -0.4 pts / 10y | -34.6 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| GNI per Capita | $7K | 2024 | $7901992 | $7K2024 | $4902000 | +$3K / 10y | +$6K / 25y25y | $14K | $32K | WorldBankWdi |
Economy year by year
| Year | Labor Force Participation | Unemployment | Industry Value Added | Agriculture Value Added | Services Value Added | GDP Growth | GDP | GDP per Capita | Inflation | GNI per Capita |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1991 | 58.9% | 1.9% | -16.0% | $3.09B | $1K | |||||
| 1992 | 59.1% | 3.7% | -29.1% | $2.32B | $778 | 1,026.8% | $790 | |||
| 1993 | 59.3% | 3.7% | -1.2% | $2.37B | $797 | 1,613.6% | $800 | |||
| 1994 | 59.4% | 5.8% | -30.9% | $1.70B | $574 | 486.4% | $570 | |||
| 1995 | 59.4% | 5.3% | 28.4% | 29.3% | 33.1% | -1.4% | $1.75B | $594 | 29.9% | $590 |
| 1996 | 59.6% | 7.9% | 27.3% | 27.5% | 37.5% | -5.9% | $1.70B | $575 | 23.5% | $600 |
| 1997 | 59.5% | 7.9% | 25.4% | 26.0% | 38.3% | 1.6% | $1.93B | $657 | 11.8% | $630 |
| 1998 | 59.9% | 10.0% | 20.3% | 25.8% | 43.3% | -6.5% | $1.70B | $579 | 7.7% | $580 |
| 1999 | 60.0% | 11.1% | 20.5% | 24.9% | 49.5% | -3.4% | $1.17B | $399 | 39.3% | $510 |
| 2000 | 59.9% | 8.5% | 19.1% | 25.4% | 45.3% | 2.1% | $1.29B | $441 | 31.3% | $490 |
| 2001 | 57.9% | 7.4% | 22.0% | 22.4% | 45.9% | 6.1% | $1.48B | $507 | 9.8% | $500 |
| 2002 | 57.2% | 6.8% | 20.4% | 21.0% | 47.9% | 7.8% | $1.66B | $571 | 5.3% | $590 |
| 2003 | 57.2% | 6.4% | 20.7% | 18.3% | 48.5% | 6.6% | $1.98B | $682 | 11.7% | $710 |
| 2004 | 55.1% | 6.4% | 20.7% | 17.6% | 49.9% | 7.4% | $2.60B | $897 | 12.5% | $910 |
| 2005 | 54.8% | 5.6% | 19.2% | 16.4% | 50.4% | 7.5% | $2.99B | $1K | 12.0% | $1K |
| 2006 | 58.1% | 4.3% | 18.8% | 14.5% | 52.6% | 4.8% | $3.41B | $1K | 12.8% | $1K |
| 2007 | 58.8% | 2.7% | 19.4% | 10.0% | 56.0% | 3.0% | $4.40B | $2K | 12.4% | $1K |
| 2008 | 59.6% | 2.1% | 19.1% | 8.8% | 56.4% | 7.8% | $6.05B | $2K | 12.8% | $2K |
| 2009 | 60.7% | 3.0% | 17.2% | 8.5% | 60.0% | -6.0% | $5.44B | $2K | -0.1% | $2K |
| 2010 | 63.4% | 3.0% | 20.4% | 11.2% | 54.5% | 7.1% | $6.97B | $2K | 7.5% | $2K |
| 2011 | 64.4% | 2.7% | 20.9% | 11.4% | 53.6% | 5.8% | $8.41B | $3K | 7.7% | $3K |
| 2012 | 64.8% | 2.2% | 21.3% | 10.4% | 54.5% | -0.6% | $8.71B | $3K | 4.5% | $3K |
| 2013 | 65.2% | 1.9% | 21.6% | 11.6% | 52.8% | 9.0% | $9.50B | $3K | 4.6% | $4K |
| 2014 | 69.3% | 1.5% | 21.1% | 14.1% | 51.5% | 5.0% | $9.40B | $3K | 5.1% | $4K |
| 2015 | 70.2% | 1.8% | 21.1% | 12.8% | 53.3% | -0.3% | $7.80B | $3K | 9.7% | $3K |
| 2016 | 69.9% | 1.6% | 21.2% | 12.5% | 53.8% | 4.6% | $7.98B | $3K | 6.4% | $3K |
| 2017 | 68.3% | 1.6% | 21.0% | 12.2% | 53.1% | 4.2% | $9.51B | $3K | 6.6% | $3K |
| 2018 | 67.1% | 1.2% | 22.1% | 10.1% | 53.9% | 4.1% | $11.25B | $4K | 3.0% | $4K |
| 2019 | 69.3% | 1.5% | 21.9% | 10.2% | 54.7% | 3.6% | $11.74B | $4K | 4.8% | $4K |
| 2020 | 69.7% | 1.2% | 23.1% | 9.4% | 54.1% | -8.3% | $11.53B | $4K | 3.8% | $4K |
| 2021 | 72.5% | 0.8% | 20.6% | 10.6% | 54.6% | 13.9% | $13.69B | $5K | 5.1% | $5K |
| 2022 | 72.5% | 0.9% | 19.1% | 8.1% | 58.9% | -4.6% | $14.53B | $6K | 28.7% | $6K |
| 2023 | 70.8% | 1.6% | 17.7% | 7.1% | 61.5% | 1.2% | $16.71B | $7K | 13.4% | $6K |
| 2024 | 72.2% | 1.4% | 16.8% | 7.1% | 62.3% | 0.1% | $18.20B | $8K | 4.7% | $7K |
| 2025 | 72.3% | 1.5% |
Trade
Trade summary
| Metric | Latest | Latest Year | Start | Peak | Low | 10y | 25y | World | Continent | Source | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trade Openness | 88.7% | 2024 | 128.0%1995 | 143.0%2005 | 79.3%2020 | -5.6 pts / 10y | -28.9 pts / 25y25y | 54.7% | 86.6% | Derived | |
| Imports | $10.42B | 2024 | $1.19B1995 | $10.42B2024 | $763.46M1999 | +$4.53B / 10y | +$9.66B / 25y25y | $29.11T | $12.07T | WorldBankWdi | |
| Exports | $5.72B | 2024 | $1.05B1995 | $5.99B2022 | $612.53M1999 | +$2.75B / 10y | +$5.10B / 25y25y | $29.85T | $13.10T | WorldBankWdi |
Trade year by year
| Year | Trade Openness | Imports | Exports |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1991 | |||
| 1992 | |||
| 1993 | |||
| 1994 | |||
| 1995 | 128.0% | $1.19B | $1.05B |
| 1996 | 129.2% | $1.25B | $937.88M |
| 1997 | 127.6% | $1.44B | $1.03B |
| 1998 | 116.8% | $1.22B | $764.75M |
| 1999 | 117.5% | $763.46M | $612.53M |
| 2000 | 126.2% | $986.46M | $639.06M |
| 2001 | 124.5% | $1.10B | $741.15M |
| 2002 | 129.8% | $1.29B | $871.85M |
| 2003 | 140.1% | $1.72B | $1.06B |
| 2004 | 132.7% | $2.12B | $1.33B |
| 2005 | 143.0% | $2.75B | $1.53B |
| 2006 | 137.2% | $3.13B | $1.54B |
| 2007 | 142.7% | $4.28B | $2.01B |
| 2008 | 134.4% | $5.67B | $2.47B |
| 2009 | 110.4% | $4.00B | $2.01B |
| 2010 | 87.9% | $4.19B | $1.94B |
| 2011 | 98.6% | $5.56B | $2.74B |
| 2012 | 96.3% | $5.68B | $2.71B |
| 2013 | 95.7% | $6.04B | $3.05B |
| 2014 | 94.2% | $5.90B | $2.96B |
| 2015 | 89.0% | $4.46B | $2.48B |
| 2016 | 89.0% | $4.48B | $2.62B |
| 2017 | 88.6% | $5.34B | $3.10B |
| 2018 | 87.4% | $6.39B | $3.45B |
| 2019 | 87.6% | $6.62B | $3.66B |
| 2020 | 79.3% | $5.92B | $3.22B |
| 2021 | 88.5% | $7.92B | $4.20B |
| 2022 | 112.1% | $10.30B | $5.99B |
| 2023 | 94.0% | $9.84B | $5.87B |
| 2024 | 88.7% | $10.42B | $5.72B |
Connectivity
Connectivity summary
| Metric | Latest | Latest Year | Start | Peak | Low | 10y | 25y | World | Continent | Source | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fixed Broadband | 29.6 | 2024 | 0.02001 | 29.62024 | 0.02001 | +14.4 / 10y | +29.6 / 23y23y | 19.9 | 34.3 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Secure Servers | 13,318.0 | 2024 | 13.32010 | 13,318.02024 | 13.32010 | +13,235.1 / 10y | +13,304.8 / 14y14y | 16,260.9 | 52,740.7 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Mobile Subscriptions | 120.1 | 2024 | 0.01991 | 137.22022 | 0.01991 | +8.3 / 10y | +119.7 / 25y25y | 110.2 | 135.9 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Internet Users | 77.4% | 2024 | 0.0%1994 | 77.4%2024 | 0.0%1994 | +10.4 pts / 10y | +76.8 pts / 25y25y | 72.6% | 91.5% | WorldBankWdi | |
| Electricity Access | 100.0% | 2023 | 100.0%1991 | 100.0%2023 | 98.6%2005 | +0.4 pts / 10y | 0.0 pts / 25y25y | 91.6% | 100.0% | WorldBankWdi |
Connectivity year by year
| Year | Fixed Broadband | Secure Servers | Mobile Subscriptions | Internet Users | Electricity Access |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1991 | 0.0 | 100.0% | |||
| 1992 | 0.0 | 100.0% | |||
| 1993 | 0.0 | 100.0% | |||
| 1994 | 0.0 | 0.0% | 100.0% | ||
| 1995 | 0.0 | 0.0% | 100.0% | ||
| 1996 | 0.0 | 0.0% | 100.0% | ||
| 1997 | 0.1 | 0.0% | 100.0% | ||
| 1998 | 0.2 | 0.3% | 100.0% | ||
| 1999 | 0.4 | 0.6% | 100.0% | ||
| 2000 | 3.3 | 1.3% | 98.7% | ||
| 2001 | 0.0 | 5.4 | 1.5% | 98.8% | |
| 2002 | 0.0 | 8.2 | 3.8% | 99.0% | |
| 2003 | 0.0 | 11.6 | 7.4% | 98.8% | |
| 2004 | 0.1 | 19.4 | 10.6% | 99.1% | |
| 2005 | 0.3 | 27.3 | 14.6% | 98.6% | |
| 2006 | 0.6 | 34.6 | 19.6% | 98.9% | |
| 2007 | 1.4 | 48.9 | 20.5% | 99.0% | |
| 2008 | 3.0 | 64.1 | 23.4% | 99.1% | |
| 2009 | 5.1 | 57.6 | 27.5% | 99.2% | |
| 2010 | 7.5 | 13.3 | 70.2 | 29.7% | 99.3% |
| 2011 | 10.0 | 24.1 | 90.4 | 32.1% | 99.4% |
| 2012 | 12.0 | 45.4 | 102.9 | 34.7% | 99.5% |
| 2013 | 13.8 | 58.8 | 108.5 | 37.4% | 99.6% |
| 2014 | 15.2 | 82.9 | 111.8 | 67.0% | 99.8% |
| 2015 | 16.3 | 127.3 | 113.0 | 69.0% | 99.9% |
| 2016 | 17.2 | 660.7 | 117.0 | 71.0% | 99.9% |
| 2017 | 18.3 | 3,655.3 | 117.3 | 71.8% | 100.0% |
| 2018 | 19.8 | 3,919.2 | 115.3 | 72.5% | 100.0% |
| 2019 | 21.5 | 4,526.6 | 116.1 | 73.3% | 100.0% |
| 2020 | 23.4 | 5,580.4 | 111.4 | 74.1% | 100.0% |
| 2021 | 25.2 | 6,661.5 | 129.0 | 74.9% | 100.0% |
| 2022 | 26.3 | 8,416.3 | 137.2 | 74.9% | 100.0% |
| 2023 | 27.3 | 11,525.8 | 129.5 | 76.5% | 100.0% |
| 2024 | 29.6 | 13,318.0 | 120.1 | 77.4% |
Education
Education summary
| Metric | Latest | Latest Year | Start | Peak | Low | 10y | 25y | World | Continent | Source | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adult Literacy | 99.4% | 2014 | 96.7%2000 | 99.4%2014 | 96.7%2000 | +2.7 pts / 10y | +2.7 pts / 14y14y | 81.0% | 96.8% | WorldBankWdi | |
| Researchers | 649.9 | 2024 | 756.42003 | 946.52015 | 649.92024 | -275.4 / 10y | -106.5 / 21y21y | 1,283.1 | 2,246.1 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Secondary Enrollment | 99.3% | 2024 | 88.0%2010 | 106.0%2016 | 87.7%2011 | -5.0 pts / 10y | +11.4 pts / 14y14y | 83.4% | 103.8% | WorldBankWdi | |
| Tertiary Enrollment | 74.7% | 2024 | 38.1%2010 | 74.7%2024 | 38.1%2010 | +22.6 pts / 10y | +36.6 pts / 14y14y | 51.1% | 72.9% | WorldBankWdi |
Education year by year
| Year | Adult Literacy | Researchers | Secondary Enrollment | Tertiary Enrollment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1991 | ||||
| 1992 | ||||
| 1993 | ||||
| 1994 | ||||
| 1995 | ||||
| 1996 | ||||
| 1997 | ||||
| 1998 | ||||
| 1999 | ||||
| 2000 | 96.7% | |||
| 2001 | ||||
| 2002 | ||||
| 2003 | 756.4 | |||
| 2004 | 755.4 | |||
| 2005 | 717.4 | |||
| 2006 | 698.3 | |||
| 2007 | 723.8 | |||
| 2008 | 820.9 | |||
| 2009 | 802.0 | |||
| 2010 | 760.2 | 88.0% | 38.1% | |
| 2011 | 777.2 | 87.7% | 39.4% | |
| 2012 | 768.6 | 88.2% | 40.1% | |
| 2013 | 736.9 | 88.3% | 41.3% | |
| 2014 | 99.4% | 925.3 | 104.4% | 52.2% |
| 2015 | 946.5 | 105.1% | 52.1% | |
| 2016 | 912.0 | 106.0% | 52.8% | |
| 2017 | 923.5 | 94.4% | 51.9% | |
| 2018 | 903.4 | 95.9% | 52.8% | |
| 2019 | 823.5 | 95.7% | 54.8% | |
| 2020 | 774.7 | 96.2% | 56.2% | |
| 2021 | 781.2 | 96.6% | 61.3% | |
| 2022 | 768.0 | 97.6% | 68.1% | |
| 2023 | 717.4 | 97.9% | 71.2% | |
| 2024 | 649.9 | 99.3% | 74.7% |
Health
Health summary
| Metric | Latest | Latest Year | Start | Peak | Low | 10y | 25y | World | Continent | Source | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physicians | 4.02 | 2023 | 3.411991 | 4.152022 | 2.252004 | +0.96 / 10y | +0.40 / 25y25y | 1.41 | 3.81 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Hospital Beds | 5.54 | 2023 | 13.121991 | 13.121991 | 5.542023 | -0.55 / 10y | -5.69 / 25y25y | 4.14 | 5.49 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Measles Immunization | 84.0% | 2024 | 73.0%1992 | 97.0%2019 | 64.0%1993 | -6.0 pts / 10y | -9.0 pts / 25y25y | 88.9% | 93.4% | WorldBankWdi | |
| Maternal Mortality | 19.0 | 2023 | 53.01991 | 56.01994 | 19.02011 | 0.0 / 10y | -29.0 / 25y25y | 111.8 | 8.0 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Life Expectancy | 71.3 | 2024 | 67.61991 | 71.52022 | 66.21995 | +1.1 / 10y | +4.1 / 25y25y | 73.4 | 79.1 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Infant Mortality | 15.1 | 2024 | 29.51991 | 34.01996 | 14.02017 | +0.8 / 10y | -15.1 / 25y25y | 19.0 | 4.4 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Under-5 Mortality | 16.5 | 2024 | 33.91991 | 38.61996 | 15.42017 | +0.7 / 10y | -17.6 / 25y25y | 24.7 | 5.2 | WorldBankWdi |
Health year by year
| Year | Physicians | Hospital Beds | Measles Immunization | Maternal Mortality | Life Expectancy | Infant Mortality | Under-5 Mortality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1991 | 3.41 | 13.12 | 53.0 | 67.6 | 29.5 | 33.9 | |
| 1992 | 3.43 | 12.79 | 73.0% | 55.0 | 66.7 | 30.4 | 34.9 |
| 1993 | 3.48 | 12.48 | 64.0% | 55.0 | 66.7 | 31.7 | 36.2 |
| 1994 | 3.50 | 12.22 | 85.0% | 56.0 | 66.3 | 32.9 | 37.5 |
| 1995 | 3.45 | 12.21 | 91.0% | 54.0 | 66.2 | 33.8 | 38.4 |
| 1996 | 3.51 | 12.13 | 90.0% | 53.0 | 66.2 | 34.0 | 38.6 |
| 1997 | 3.55 | 11.62 | 95.0% | 52.0 | 66.5 | 33.5 | 37.9 |
| 1998 | 3.61 | 11.23 | 93.0% | 48.0 | 66.8 | 32.2 | 36.3 |
| 1999 | 8.19 | 93.0% | 43.0 | 67.2 | 30.2 | 34.1 | |
| 2000 | 2.44 | 6.09 | 89.0% | 38.0 | 67.5 | 27.9 | 31.4 |
| 2001 | 2.29 | 5.98 | 94.0% | 35.0 | 67.7 | 25.4 | 28.5 |
| 2002 | 2.33 | 5.90 | 94.0% | 31.0 | 67.8 | 23.0 | 25.8 |
| 2003 | 2.33 | 5.88 | 96.0% | 29.0 | 67.9 | 20.9 | 23.4 |
| 2004 | 2.25 | 5.71 | 96.0% | 28.0 | 68.0 | 19.3 | 21.5 |
| 2005 | 2.52 | 5.76 | 97.0% | 26.0 | 68.2 | 18.0 | 20.1 |
| 2006 | 2.57 | 5.73 | 96.0% | 25.0 | 68.4 | 17.0 | 19.0 |
| 2007 | 2.62 | 5.68 | 96.0% | 24.0 | 68.7 | 16.4 | 18.2 |
| 2008 | 2.62 | 5.77 | 95.0% | 23.0 | 69.0 | 15.9 | 17.7 |
| 2009 | 2.71 | 5.92 | 90.0% | 22.0 | 69.4 | 15.5 | 17.2 |
| 2010 | 2.74 | 6.06 | 97.0% | 20.0 | 69.9 | 15.2 | 16.8 |
| 2011 | 2.83 | 6.19 | 91.0% | 19.0 | 70.2 | 14.9 | 16.5 |
| 2012 | 2.89 | 6.36 | 91.0% | 19.0 | 70.3 | 14.7 | 16.2 |
| 2013 | 3.06 | 6.09 | 91.0% | 19.0 | 70.3 | 14.5 | 16.0 |
| 2014 | 3.09 | 6.02 | 90.0% | 20.0 | 70.2 | 14.3 | 15.8 |
| 2015 | 3.16 | 5.72 | 89.0% | 20.0 | 70.1 | 14.2 | 15.6 |
| 2016 | 3.24 | 5.81 | 88.0% | 21.0 | 70.2 | 14.1 | 15.5 |
| 2017 | 3.29 | 5.76 | 93.0% | 20.0 | 70.4 | 14.0 | 15.4 |
| 2018 | 3.20 | 5.75 | 93.0% | 20.0 | 70.2 | 14.1 | 15.4 |
| 2019 | 4.03 | 5.80 | 97.0% | 21.0 | 70.2 | 14.1 | 15.5 |
| 2020 | 4.04 | 5.59 | 84.0% | 29.0 | 69.9 | 14.3 | 15.6 |
| 2021 | 4.04 | 5.73 | 83.0% | 24.0 | 69.0 | 14.5 | 15.8 |
| 2022 | 4.15 | 5.69 | 84.0% | 19.0 | 71.5 | 14.7 | 16.0 |
| 2023 | 4.02 | 5.54 | 85.0% | 19.0 | 71.2 | 14.9 | 16.2 |
| 2024 | 84.0% | 71.3 | 15.1 | 16.5 |
Environment
Environment summary
| Metric | Latest | Latest Year | Start | Peak | Low | 10y | 25y | World | Continent | Source | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land | 74.1% | 2023 | 77.9%1992 | 77.9%1992 | 68.6%2018 | -0.8 pts / 10y | -3.6 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| Renewable Electricity | 6.5% | 2021 | 2.3%1991 | 7.0%2013 | 2.0%1992 | +0.3 pts / 10y | +1.5 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| Fossil Fuel Energy | 0.0% | 2023 | 99.7%1992 | 99.7%1992 | 0.0%2016 | -78.2 pts / 10y | -92.8 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| CO2 Emissions | 8,208 | 2024 | 25,6531991 | 25,6531991 | 6,8962000 | +167 / 10y | +759 / 25y25y | 37,916,447 | 5,832,517 | WorldBankWdi | |
| CO2 per Capita | 3.42 | 2024 | 8.601991 | 8.601991 | 2.362000 | +0.60 / 10y | +0.87 / 25y25y | 4.69 | 6.80 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Forest Area | 11.7% | 2023 | 10.0%1992 | 11.8%2022 | 10.0%1992 | +0.1 pts / 10y | +1.4 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi |
Environment year by year
| Year | Agricultural Land | Renewable Electricity | Fossil Fuel Energy | CO2 Emissions | CO2 per Capita | Forest Area |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1991 | 2.3% | 25,653 | 8.60 | |||
| 1992 | 77.9% | 2.0% | 99.7% | 20,408 | 6.85 | 10.0% |
| 1993 | 77.6% | 3.2% | 98.3% | 17,363 | 5.83 | 10.0% |
| 1994 | 77.6% | 2.9% | 97.3% | 14,083 | 4.75 | 10.1% |
| 1995 | 77.6% | 4.2% | 94.7% | 12,262 | 4.15 | 10.2% |
| 1996 | 77.6% | 5.0% | 94.3% | 10,562 | 3.58 | 10.2% |
| 1997 | 77.6% | 5.9% | 93.2% | 9,633 | 3.28 | 10.3% |
| 1998 | 77.7% | 5.8% | 92.8% | 8,788 | 2.99 | 10.3% |
| 1999 | 77.7% | 6.2% | 92.2% | 7,450 | 2.54 | 10.4% |
| 2000 | 77.4% | 6.7% | 91.5% | 6,896 | 2.36 | 10.5% |
| 2001 | 77.2% | 6.3% | 91.0% | 7,182 | 2.46 | 10.6% |
| 2002 | 77.1% | 6.5% | 89.5% | 7,309 | 2.51 | 10.7% |
| 2003 | 76.9% | 6.3% | 87.8% | 7,871 | 2.71 | 10.8% |
| 2004 | 76.7% | 6.5% | 89.3% | 7,892 | 2.73 | 10.8% |
| 2005 | 76.0% | 6.3% | 88.8% | 8,331 | 2.88 | 10.9% |
| 2006 | 75.5% | 6.2% | 88.0% | 8,112 | 2.82 | 11.0% |
| 2007 | 75.6% | 6.4% | 89.1% | 8,026 | 2.79 | 11.1% |
| 2008 | 75.4% | 6.5% | 88.9% | 7,928 | 2.76 | 11.2% |
| 2009 | 75.2% | 5.8% | 92.4% | 7,808 | 2.73 | 11.3% |
| 2010 | 75.0% | 6.7% | 85.0% | 8,505 | 2.97 | 11.4% |
| 2011 | 74.9% | 6.2% | 83.2% | 8,535 | 2.98 | 11.5% |
| 2012 | 74.9% | 4.7% | 82.1% | 8,353 | 2.92 | 11.5% |
| 2013 | 74.8% | 7.0% | 78.2% | 7,494 | 2.62 | 11.6% |
| 2014 | 70.4% | 6.2% | 80.2% | 8,041 | 2.81 | 11.7% |
| 2015 | 70.5% | 4.7% | 81.5% | 8,299 | 2.93 | 11.8% |
| 2016 | 70.5% | 4.3% | 0.0% | 8,423 | 3.00 | 11.8% |
| 2017 | 70.5% | 6.4% | 0.0% | 8,306 | 3.01 | 11.8% |
| 2018 | 68.6% | 6.2% | 0.0% | 8,862 | 3.27 | 11.8% |
| 2019 | 68.8% | 6.6% | 0.0% | 9,110 | 3.42 | 11.8% |
| 2020 | 75.1% | 5.8% | 0.0% | 8,848 | 3.36 | 11.8% |
| 2021 | 75.1% | 6.5% | 0.0% | 9,653 | 3.72 | 11.8% |
| 2022 | 75.0% | 0.0% | 8,288 | 3.28 | 11.8% | |
| 2023 | 74.1% | 0.0% | 8,207 | 3.34 | 11.7% | |
| 2024 | 8,208 | 3.42 |
Generated 2026-04-12T13:34:34.3127568Z
Sources: CiaWorldLeaders | ConstituteChronology | CountryPageNarrative | CowStateSystem | GeoBoundariesADM0 | Polity5 | Roster | SiteModernCountryData | UNWorldPopulationProspects | WorldBankMetadata | WorldBankWdi