Netherlands

Back to Europe

The Dutch United Provinces declared their independence from Spain in 1581; during the 17th century, they became a leading seafaring and commercial power, with settlements and colonies around the world. After 18 years of French domination, the Netherlands regained its independence in 1813. In 1830, Belgium seceded and formed a separate kingdom. The Netherlands remained neutral in World War I but suffered German invasion and occupation in World War II. A modern, industrialized nation, the Netherlands is also a large exporter of agricultural products. The country was a founding member of NATO and the EEC (now the EU) and participated in the introduction of the euro in 1999. In 2010, the former Netherlands Antilles was dissolved and the three smallest islands – Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, and Saba – became special municipalities in the Netherlands administrative structure. The larger islands of Sint Maarten and Curacao joined the Netherlands and Aruba as constituent countries forming the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

In 2018, the Sint Eustatius island council (governing body) was dissolved and replaced by a government commissioner to restore the integrity of public administration. According to the Dutch Government, the intervention will be as “short as possible and as long as needed.”

Current Country Profile

🇳🇱 Netherlands

ContinentEurope
RegionNorth Sea–Channel Rim
Formation1815
Age211 years
Land Area41,546 sq km
Population
18.0M
Latest 2024
GDP
$1.21T
Latest 2024
GDP per Capita
$68K
Latest 2024
Terra Firma
Population
18.0M
Latest 2024
GDP
$1.21T
Latest 2024
GDP per Capita
$68K
Latest 2024
GNI per Capita
$63K
Latest 2024
Land Area
41,546 sq km
Western Europe
Current System
Democracy

Benchmark Shelf

Population
18.0M World 8.1B Europe 866.8M
GDP
$1.21T World $109.24T Europe $29.08T
GDP per Capita
$68K World $14K Europe $34K
Life Expectancy
82.0 World 73.4 Europe 79.1
Internet Users
97.0% World 72.6% Europe 91.5%
Urban Population
95.6% World 57.4% Europe 76.1%
Trade Openness
153.8% World 54.7% Europe 86.6%
CO2 per Capita
6.60 World 4.69 Europe 6.80

Trend Wall

Population
2000-2024
18.0M
Latest 2024+1.1M / 10y
GDP
2000-2024
$1.21T
Latest 2024+$313.37B / 10y
GDP per Capita
2000-2024
$68K
Latest 2024+$14K / 10y
Life Expectancy
2000-2024
82.0
Latest 2024+0.3 / 10yContinent 79.1
Internet Users
2000-2024
97.0%
Latest 2024+5.3 pts / 10yContinent 91.5%
Exports and Imports
2000-2024
$1.00T
Latest 2024Exports $1.00TImports $867.46BBalance $134.01B
ExportsImports
Fertility Rate
2000-2024
1.43
Latest 2024-0.28 / 10y
Urban Population
2000-2024
95.6%
Latest 2024+5.8 pts / 10y
Inflation
2000-2024
3.3%
Latest 2024+2.4 pts / 10y
Unemployment
2001-2025
3.9%
Latest 2025-3.0 pts / 10y
Electricity Access
1999-2023
100.0%
Latest 20230.0 pts / 10y
CO2 per Capita
2000-2024
6.60
Latest 2024-2.99 / 10y

Current Structure

Demographic Structure
Share of population
Child share 15.0%
Working-age share 64.5%
Elderly share 20.5%
Economic Structure
Share of value added
Agriculture 1.7%
Industry 17.5%
Services 70.5%
Other 10.3%
Land Use
Share of land area
Forest area 11.1%
Agricultural land 53.5%
Other land 35.4%
Electricity Mix
% of total electricity output
Fossil electricity 48.0%
Nuclear electricity 3.3%
Hydroelectricity 0.1%
Other renewables 48.7%
Energy Use Mix
% of total energy use
Fossil fuel energy 82.5%
Alternative and nuclear energy 9.6%
Combustible renewables and waste 7.9%

Milestone Timeline

Formation
1813
Independence
After 18 years of French domination, the Netherlands regained its independence in 1813.
1815
Kingdom of the Netherlands founded
The 1815 settlement created the Kingdom of the Netherlands as the modern state footing used here.
1945
War milestone
Regime
1795
Constitution adopted
1814
Constitution adopted
1848
Shift to Anocracy
1917
Shift to Democracy
External
1999
NATO milestone
The country was a founding member of NATO and the EEC (now the EU) and participated in the introduction of the euro in 1999.

Historical Footing

Before the modern state
Before 1815
The political traditions that preceded the modern state of Netherlands shaped the institutional footing that followed.
State formation
1815
The 1815 settlement created the Kingdom of the Netherlands as the modern state footing used here.
Current footing
1815 to present
Today Netherlands sits in North Sea–Channel Rim, with a current system of Democracy.

Annual Explorer

Health
Infant Mortality
3.4
2024
-0.1 / 10y
W 19.0
C 4.4
Under-5 Mortality
3.9
2024
-0.2 / 10y
W 24.7
C 5.2
Maternal Mortality
4.0
2023
-2.0 / 10y
W 111.8
C 8.0
Physicians
3.88
2022
+0.65 / 10y
W 2.30
C 3.98
Hospital Beds
2.42
2022
-1.32 / 10y
W 4.16
C 5.07
Measles Immunization
89.0%
2024
-7.0 pts / 10y
W 88.9%
C 93.4%
Environment
CO2 Emissions
118,791
2024
-42,972 / 10y
W 37,916,447
C 5,832,517
Connectivity
Mobile Subscriptions
128.5
2024
+13.7 / 10y
W 110.2
C 135.9
Fixed Broadband
43.0
2024
+2.7 / 10y
W 19.9
C 34.3
Secure Servers
198,682.4
2024
+191,477.7 / 10y
W 16,260.9
C 52,740.7
Education
Secondary Enrollment
137.5%
2023
+26.1 pts / 10y
W 81.8%
C 104.9%
Tertiary Enrollment
86.6%
2023
+10.8 pts / 10y
W 52.0%
C 83.3%
Researchers
6,563.3
2023
+1,675.9 / 10y
W 2,253.0
C 3,863.9
Demography
Population Growth
0.6%
2024
+0.3 pts / 10y
W 1.0%
C 0.3%
Density
433.1
2024
-72.7 / 10y
W n/a
C n/a
Median Age
41.4
2023
+0.7 / 10y
W 30.8
C 40.9
Net Migration
104,681
2025
+49,096 / 10y
W n/a
C n/a
Economy
GDP Growth
1.1%
2024
-0.5 pts / 10y
W n/a
C n/a
Labor Force Participation
67.2%
2025
+0.8 pts / 10y
W n/a
C n/a

Deep Data

Demography

Demography summary
MetricLatestLatest YearStartPeakLow10y25yWorldContinentSourceTrend
Child Share15.0%202430.0%196030.0%196015.0%2024-1.8 pts / 10y-3.7 pts / 25y25y24.8%16.3%WorldBankWdi
Fertility Rate1.4320243.1019503.2219611.432023-0.28 / 10y-0.22 / 25y25y2.171.42WorldBankWdi
Elderly Share20.5%20249.0%196020.5%20249.0%1960+3.1 pts / 10y+7.1 pts / 25y25y10.2%19.0%WorldBankWdi
Net Migration104,681202519,2941950224,4722022-49,4511952+49,096 / 10y+45,373 / 25y25yn/an/aWorldBankWdi
Working-Age Share64.5%202461.0%196069.0%198861.0%1960-1.3 pts / 10y-3.4 pts / 25y25y65.1%64.6%WorldBankWdi
Population Growth0.6%20241.7%19501.7%19500.2%2006+0.3 pts / 10y0.0 pts / 25y25y1.0%0.3%WorldBankWdi
Population18.0M20242.2M181618.0M20242.2M1816+1.1M / 10y+2.2M / 25y25y8.1B866.8MWorldBankWdi
Density433.1202453.31816537.3202353.31816-72.7 / 10y-40.3 / 25y25yn/an/aDerived
Median Age41.4202327.0195041.6202127.01950+0.7 / 10y+5.8 / 25y25y30.840.9UNWorldPopulationProspects
Urban Population95.6%202459.9%196095.6%202459.9%1960+5.8 pts / 10y+18.6 pts / 25y25y57.4%76.1%WorldBankWdi
Demography year by year 1816–2025 · 210 years · 10 metrics
Year Child ShareFertility RateElderly ShareNet MigrationWorking-Age SharePopulation GrowthPopulationDensityMedian AgeUrban Population
18162.2M53.3
18172.2M54.0
18182.3M54.7
18192.3M55.4
18202.3M56.1
18212.4M56.8
18222.4M57.5
18232.4M58.2
18242.4M58.9
18252.5M59.7
18262.5M60.4
18272.5M61.1
18282.6M61.9
18292.6M62.6
18302.6M63.3
18312.7M63.9
18322.7M64.6
18332.7M65.1
18342.7M65.8
18352.8M66.4
18362.8M67.0
18372.8M67.6
18382.8M68.2
18392.9M68.8
18402.9M69.4
18412.9M69.9
18422.9M70.5
18432.9M71.0
18443.0M71.5
18453.0M72.0
18463.0M72.5
18473.0M73.0
18483.1M73.5
18493.1M74.0
18503.1M74.6
18513.1M75.1
18523.1M75.6
18533.2M76.1
18543.2M76.6
18553.2M77.2
18563.2M77.7
18573.2M78.2
18583.3M78.8
18593.3M79.3
18603.3M79.9
18613.3M80.5
18623.4M81.2
18633.4M81.9
18643.4M82.6
18653.5M83.3
18663.5M84.0
18673.5M84.7
18683.5M85.4
18693.6M86.2
18703.6M87.0
18713.7M87.9
18723.7M88.8
18733.7M89.8
18743.8M90.9
18753.8M91.9
18763.9M92.9
18773.9M94.0
18783.9M95.1
18794.0M96.2
18804.0M97.2
18814.1M98.4
18824.1M99.5
18834.2M100.6
18844.2M101.8
18854.3M103.0
18864.3M104.2
18874.4M105.4
18884.4M106.6
18894.5M107.8
18904.5M109.1
18914.6M110.4
18924.6M111.8
18934.7M113.2
18944.8M114.7
18954.8M116.1
18964.9M117.6
18974.9M119.0
18985.0M120.5
18995.1M122.1
19005.1M123.7
19015.2M125.4
19025.3M127.1
19035.4M128.9
19045.4M130.8
19055.5M132.6
19065.6M134.5
19075.7M136.4
19085.7M138.4
19095.8M140.3
19105.9M142.4
19116.0M144.4
19126.1M146.5
19136.2M148.6
19146.3M150.8
19156.4M153.0
19166.5M155.3
19176.5M157.5
19186.6M159.8
19196.7M162.2
19206.8M164.5
19216.9M166.9
19227.0M169.2
19237.1M171.6
19247.2M174.1
19257.3M176.5
19267.4M179.1
19277.5M181.6
19287.7M184.2
19297.8M186.7
19307.9M189.2
19318.0M191.6
19328.1M194.0
19338.2M196.3
19348.3M198.6
19358.4M201.0
19368.5M203.4
19378.6M205.9
19388.7M208.3
19398.8M210.9
19408.9M213.5
19419.0M216.2
19429.1M219.0
19439.2M221.8
19449.3M224.7
19459.5M227.7
19469.6M230.7
19479.7M233.7
19489.8M236.7
194910.0M239.8
19503.1019,2941.7%10.1M300.427.0
19513.06-24,1581.2%10.3M304.827.2
19523.09-49,4511.0%10.4M308.327.3
19533.04-33,0241.1%10.5M311.627.4
19543.03-19,5751.2%10.6M315.327.5
19553.03-6,0601.3%10.8M319.327.6
19563.05-11,4891.2%10.9M323.427.6
19573.07-12,0731.3%11.0M327.527.7
19583.1030,0861.6%11.2M332.327.7
19593.16-16,6311.2%11.3M337.027.7
196030.0%3.129.0%-13,23561.0%1.2%11.5M341.227.859.9%
196129.7%3.229.1%8,25861.2%1.3%11.6M345.727.860.1%
196229.1%3.189.3%18,02461.6%1.4%11.8M350.727.760.3%
196328.7%3.199.4%-2161.9%1.3%12.0M355.527.660.3%
196428.5%3.179.5%15,01462.1%1.3%12.1M360.327.660.9%
196528.3%3.049.6%19,44462.2%1.4%12.3M365.327.561.2%
196628.1%2.909.7%20,74062.3%1.3%12.5M370.227.561.3%
196727.8%2.819.8%-10,67362.3%1.1%12.6M374.427.561.6%
196827.6%2.7210.0%7,24362.4%1.0%12.7M378.427.561.8%
196927.5%2.7510.1%21,85062.5%1.2%12.9M382.827.561.8%
197027.3%2.5710.2%32,43862.5%1.2%13.0M387.627.562.1%
197127.1%2.3610.3%32,75662.7%1.2%13.2M392.327.662.8%
197226.8%2.1510.4%17,47062.9%1.0%13.3M396.327.763.1%
197326.4%1.9010.5%18,70563.1%0.8%13.4M399.627.963.5%
197425.9%1.7710.7%31,64563.5%0.8%13.5M402.728.164.2%
197525.3%1.6610.8%68,56963.9%0.9%13.7M406.328.464.4%
197624.8%1.6310.9%18,77464.3%0.8%13.8M409.528.864.5%
197724.2%1.5811.0%19,80964.8%0.6%13.9M411.929.264.6%
197823.5%1.5811.2%26,63965.2%0.6%13.9M414.429.664.6%
197922.9%1.5611.4%42,77265.7%0.7%14.0M417.330.064.8%
198022.3%1.6011.5%54,01066.2%0.8%14.1M420.630.365.0%
198121.8%1.5611.6%17,64366.6%0.7%14.2M423.630.665.7%
198221.3%1.5011.7%7,64467.0%0.5%14.3M425.731.066.5%
198320.7%1.4711.8%11,00767.5%0.4%14.4M427.631.366.9%
198420.1%1.4911.9%12,90268.0%0.4%14.4M429.531.667.4%
198519.5%1.5112.0%27,35668.5%0.5%14.5M431.831.967.6%
198619.1%1.5512.2%30,38068.7%0.6%14.6M434.432.268.0%
198718.7%1.5612.4%39,55968.9%0.6%14.7M437.332.568.2%
198818.5%1.5512.5%31,02669.0%0.6%14.8M440.332.868.4%
198918.4%1.5512.7%31,16569.0%0.6%14.8M443.133.068.8%
199018.4%1.6212.8%53,56468.9%0.7%15.0M446.433.369.0%
199118.4%1.6112.8%51,67068.8%0.8%15.1M450.133.569.2%
199218.5%1.5912.9%50,14868.6%0.8%15.2M453.733.869.3%
199318.5%1.5713.0%44,51468.5%0.7%15.3M457.134.169.8%
199418.6%1.5713.0%20,19368.4%0.6%15.4M459.934.470.4%
199518.6%1.5313.1%15,05668.3%0.5%15.5M462.334.770.7%
199618.6%1.5313.2%21,79268.2%0.5%15.5M464.535.072.4%
199718.6%1.5613.3%31,30268.1%0.5%15.6M467.035.375.6%
199818.6%1.6313.4%52,05868.0%0.6%15.7M470.135.676.8%
199918.7%1.6513.4%47,17967.8%0.7%15.8M473.435.977.1%
200018.8%1.7213.5%59,30867.8%0.7%15.9M476.936.278.5%
200118.8%1.7113.5%56,09667.7%0.8%16.0M480.636.580.2%
200218.8%1.7313.6%28,82467.7%0.6%16.1M483.736.880.8%
200318.7%1.7513.7%7,93767.6%0.5%16.2M486.137.281.3%
200418.6%1.7213.8%-9,23067.5%0.3%16.3M487.837.582.3%
200518.5%1.7114.0%-22,49667.5%0.2%16.3M489.037.983.5%
200618.3%1.7214.2%-25,40167.5%0.2%16.3M489.938.384.7%
200718.1%1.7214.5%-30467.5%0.2%16.4M491.038.785.4%
200817.9%1.7714.7%32,40667.4%0.4%16.4M492.939.085.6%
200917.7%1.7915.0%39,83267.3%0.5%16.5M495.539.386.2%
201017.6%1.7915.3%33,70367.1%0.5%16.6M498.139.787.4%
201117.4%1.7615.7%31,22466.8%0.5%16.7M500.540.088.0%
201217.3%1.7216.3%14,86166.4%0.4%16.8M502.440.488.5%
201317.1%1.6816.9%19,97366.0%0.3%16.8M503.940.789.2%
201416.9%1.7117.4%36,59165.8%0.4%16.9M505.841.089.8%
201516.6%1.6617.8%55,58565.6%0.4%16.9M508.141.290.3%
201616.4%1.6618.1%88,74365.5%0.5%17.0M511.041.390.6%
201716.2%1.6218.4%86,33265.4%0.6%17.1M514.341.491.1%
201816.0%1.5918.8%87,19765.2%0.6%17.2M517.441.592.6%
201915.8%1.5719.1%109,00365.1%0.7%17.3M520.841.593.9%
202015.6%1.5419.4%67,59865.0%0.6%17.4M523.841.594.3%
202115.5%1.6219.7%106,41664.9%0.5%17.5M526.641.694.6%
202215.4%1.4919.9%224,47264.7%1.0%17.7M531.741.595.0%
202315.2%1.4320.2%144,55864.7%1.0%17.9M537.341.495.3%
202415.0%1.4320.5%121,62864.5%0.6%18.0M433.195.6%
2025104,681

Economy

Economy summary
MetricLatestLatest YearStartPeakLow10y25yWorldContinentSourceTrend
Labor Force Participation67.2%202566.3%199067.9%200166.1%2017+0.8 pts / 10y-0.6 pts / 25y25yn/an/aWorldBankWdi
Unemployment3.9%20257.3%19917.4%20142.1%2001-3.0 pts / 10y+1.1 pts / 25y25yn/an/aWorldBankWdi
Industry Value Added17.5%202432.9%196932.9%197417.0%2016-0.2 pts / 10y-3.5 pts / 25y25yn/an/aWorldBankWdi
Agriculture Value Added1.7%20245.6%19695.6%19691.6%2009-0.1 pts / 10y-0.6 pts / 25y25yn/an/aWorldBankWdi
Services Value Added70.5%202453.6%196970.6%201653.6%1969+0.2 pts / 10y+4.2 pts / 25y25yn/an/aWorldBankWdi
GDP Growth1.1%20240.3%19618.6%1965-3.9%2020-0.5 pts / 10y-4.0 pts / 25y25yn/an/aWorldBankWdi
GDP$1.21T2024$13.28B1960$1.21T2024$13.28B1960+$313.37B / 10y+$767.15B / 25y25y$109.24T$29.08TWorldBankWdi
GDP per Capita$68K2024$1K1960$68K2024$1K1960+$14K / 10y+$39K / 25y25y$14K$34KWorldBankWdi
Inflation3.3%20242.3%196010.2%1975-0.7%1987+2.4 pts / 10y+1.2 pts / 25y25yn/an/aWorldBankWdi
GNI per Capita$63K2024$1K1962$63K2023$1K1962+$10K / 10y+$34K / 25y25y$14K$32KWorldBankWdi
Economy year by year 1816–2025 · 210 years · 10 metrics
Year Labor Force ParticipationUnemploymentIndustry Value AddedAgriculture Value AddedServices Value AddedGDP GrowthGDPGDP per CapitaInflationGNI per Capita
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960$13.28B$1K2.3%
19610.3%$14.60B$1K1.3%
19626.8%$15.85B$1K2.4%$1K
19633.6%$17.19B$1K3.2%$1K
19648.3%$20.23B$2K5.8%$2K
19658.6%$22.72B$2K3.9%$2K
19662.7%$24.74B$2K5.8%$2K
19675.3%$27.14B$2K3.5%$2K
19686.4%$30.10B$2K3.7%$2K
196932.9%5.6%53.6%6.4%$34.09B$3K7.4%$3K
197032.6%5.2%54.6%6.1%$38.22B$3K3.7%$3K
197132.0%4.8%54.9%4.3%$44.64B$3K7.5%$3K
197231.8%4.8%55.5%3.5%$54.79B$4K7.8%$4K
197331.0%4.7%56.2%5.4%$71.95B$5K8.0%$5K
197432.9%4.0%55.7%3.4%$87.37B$6K9.6%$6K
197530.1%4.3%58.0%0.0%$100.40B$7K10.2%$7K
197630.1%4.3%57.7%4.5%$109.33B$8K8.8%$8K
197729.2%3.7%59.0%2.5%$127.20B$9K6.4%$9K
197828.2%3.5%60.2%2.7%$156.09B$11K4.1%$10K
197928.3%3.5%60.4%2.0%$179.93B$13K4.2%$13K
198028.8%3.5%60.1%1.3%$195.44B$14K6.5%$15K
198129.3%3.9%59.6%-0.8%$164.38B$12K6.7%$14K
198228.4%4.0%60.5%-1.2%$158.71B$11K5.9%$12K
198327.9%3.8%61.3%2.1%$153.67B$11K2.7%$11K
198429.0%3.8%60.1%3.1%$144.12B$10K3.3%$11K
198529.2%3.8%60.0%2.6%$144.06B$10K2.3%$10K
198627.0%3.9%62.0%2.8%$201.16B$14K0.1%$11K
198725.7%3.9%63.4%1.9%$245.41B$17K-0.7%$14K
198825.8%3.8%63.2%3.4%$262.30B$18K0.7%$18K
198925.7%4.2%63.0%4.4%$258.72B$17K1.1%$19K
199066.3%25.5%4.0%62.9%4.2%$318.80B$21K2.5%$20K
199166.6%7.3%25.2%3.9%63.5%2.4%$327.98B$22K3.2%$21K
199266.7%5.6%24.2%3.6%64.4%1.7%$363.50B$24K3.2%$23K
199366.8%6.3%23.8%3.2%65.1%1.3%$354.07B$23K2.6%$24K
199466.8%7.2%23.4%3.2%65.1%3.0%$379.69B$25K2.8%$25K
199566.8%7.2%23.3%3.1%64.4%3.1%$452.97B$29K1.9%$27K
199666.9%6.4%23.0%2.9%64.5%3.4%$451.37B$29K2.1%$29K
199767.1%5.5%22.0%3.0%65.2%4.2%$417.51B$27K2.1%$29K
199867.3%4.4%21.7%2.6%65.9%4.6%$438.61B$28K2.0%$28K
199967.5%3.6%21.0%2.3%66.3%5.0%$447.78B$28K2.2%$28K
200067.8%2.7%21.1%2.3%66.4%4.2%$417.65B$26K2.4%$28K
200167.9%2.1%21.3%2.2%65.6%2.3%$432.54B$27K4.2%$27K
200267.9%2.6%20.5%2.1%66.7%0.2%$475.53B$29K3.3%$26K
200367.7%3.6%20.0%2.1%67.2%0.1%$582.44B$36K2.1%$30K
200467.4%4.6%20.0%1.9%67.3%2.0%$661.22B$41K1.3%$37K
200567.2%5.9%20.3%1.9%66.8%2.0%$688.13B$42K1.7%$42K
200667.2%5.0%20.5%2.0%66.4%3.5%$737.59B$45K1.1%$46K
200767.2%4.2%20.4%1.8%66.8%3.9%$853.50B$52K1.6%$49K
200867.2%3.7%20.8%1.7%66.6%2.1%$957.90B$58K2.5%$52K
200966.8%4.4%19.6%1.6%68.4%-3.7%$878.95B$53K1.2%$53K
201066.5%5.0%19.0%1.8%68.8%1.3%$852.46B$51K1.3%$54K
201166.4%5.0%19.3%1.6%68.9%1.8%$913.14B$55K2.3%$54K
201266.8%5.8%19.3%1.7%69.1%-1.0%$845.69B$50K2.5%$52K
201366.7%7.2%18.7%1.8%69.4%0.0%$883.95B$53K2.5%$52K
201466.2%7.4%17.7%1.8%70.3%1.6%$901.56B$53K1.0%$52K
201566.5%6.9%17.4%1.8%70.5%2.1%$775.74B$46K0.6%$50K
201666.3%6.0%17.0%1.9%70.6%2.4%$797.16B$47K0.3%$47K
201766.1%4.8%17.1%2.0%70.4%2.8%$848.23B$50K1.4%$47K
201866.4%3.8%17.3%1.8%70.3%2.3%$929.73B$54K1.7%$51K
201966.7%3.4%17.1%1.8%70.3%2.3%$928.90B$54K2.6%$53K
202066.5%3.8%17.4%1.7%69.8%-3.9%$932.56B$53K1.3%$51K
202166.5%4.2%17.7%1.7%69.4%6.3%$1.05T$60K2.7%$60K
202267.2%3.5%18.7%1.6%69.1%5.0%$1.05T$59K10.0%$62K
202367.7%3.5%18.2%1.8%70.1%-0.6%$1.14T$64K3.8%$63K
202467.5%3.7%17.5%1.7%70.5%1.1%$1.21T$68K3.3%$63K
202567.2%3.9%

Trade

Trade summary
MetricLatestLatest YearStartPeakLow10y25yWorldContinentSourceTrend
Trade Openness153.8%202481.0%1969184.1%202281.0%1969+2.1 pts / 10y+39.5 pts / 25y25y54.7%86.6%Derived
Imports$867.46B2024$13.50B1969$917.44B2022$13.50B1969+$233.36B / 10y+$625.52B / 25y25y$29.11T$12.07TWorldBankWdi
Exports$1.00T2024$14.11B1969$1.01T2022$14.11B1969+$267.76B / 10y+$731.48B / 25y25y$29.85T$13.10TWorldBankWdi
Trade year by year 1816–2024 · 209 years · 3 metrics
Year Trade OpennessImportsExports
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
196981.0%$13.50B$14.11B
197086.5%$16.43B$16.63B
197185.4%$18.60B$19.54B
197282.8%$21.39B$23.95B
197386.2%$29.10B$32.94B
197496.1%$39.60B$44.38B
197590.5%$42.81B$48.07B
197692.9%$47.99B$53.52B
197789.7%$55.22B$58.92B
197886.5%$65.96B$69.03B
197994.6%$83.39B$86.83B
198099.9%$95.85B$99.35B
1981105.0%$81.55B$90.97B
1982104.6%$78.15B$87.86B
1983104.9%$76.62B$84.58B
1984110.6%$74.60B$84.86B
1985114.6%$78.05B$87.01B
198697.2%$92.54B$103.00B
198795.7%$112.60B$122.35B
1988100.1%$125.63B$136.82B
1989106.1%$130.99B$143.55B
1990104.1%$157.02B$174.90B
1991105.2%$162.78B$182.24B
1992102.1%$175.44B$195.62B
199399.0%$162.83B$187.82B
1994103.0%$181.72B$209.54B
1995107.9%$227.50B$261.33B
1996108.7%$229.60B$260.88B
1997114.3%$223.49B$253.70B
1998112.4%$231.28B$261.75B
1999114.3%$241.94B$269.99B
2000125.7%$247.35B$277.50B
2001119.5%$242.67B$274.11B
2002112.8%$250.34B$285.82B
2003111.3%$303.25B$345.03B
2004117.0%$359.46B$413.90B
2005122.3%$389.97B$451.32B
2006127.2%$435.55B$502.64B
2007129.8%$521.39B$586.44B
2008130.2%$579.97B$666.75B
2009115.1%$470.31B$541.45B
2010130.1%$518.25B$590.65B
2011141.8%$607.99B$686.46B
2012149.4%$590.44B$672.96B
2013150.7%$621.25B$710.44B
2014151.7%$634.10B$733.71B
2015160.3%$592.16B$651.56B
2016151.0%$558.46B$644.98B
2017159.6%$631.65B$722.52B
2018163.6%$711.27B$809.39B
2019160.7%$699.98B$792.55B
2020152.2%$662.04B$757.63B
2021163.2%$808.83B$911.59B
2022184.1%$917.44B$1.01T
2023165.0%$880.50B$993.38B
2024153.8%$867.46B$1.00T

Connectivity

Connectivity summary
MetricLatestLatest YearStartPeakLow10y25yWorldContinentSourceTrend
Fixed Broadband43.020240.5199843.620220.51998+2.7 / 10y+42.5 / 25y25y19.934.3WorldBankWdi
Secure Servers198,682.420242,084.82010198,682.420242,084.82010+191,477.7 / 10y+196,597.6 / 14y14y16,260.952,740.7WorldBankWdi
Mobile Subscriptions128.520240.01960128.520240.01960+13.7 / 10y+85.9 / 25y25y110.2135.9WorldBankWdi
Internet Users97.0%20240.3%199097.0%20230.3%1990+5.3 pts / 10y+57.8 pts / 25y25y72.6%91.5%WorldBankWdi
Electricity Access100.0%2023100.0%1990100.0%2023100.0%19900.0 pts / 10y0.0 pts / 25y25y91.6%100.0%WorldBankWdi
Connectivity year by year 1816–2024 · 209 years · 5 metrics
Year Fixed BroadbandSecure ServersMobile SubscriptionsInternet UsersElectricity Access
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
19600.0
1961
1962
1963
1964
19650.0
1966
1967
1968
1969
19700.0
1971
1972
1973
1974
19750.0
19760.0
19770.0
19780.0
19790.0
19800.0
19810.0
19820.0
19830.0
1984
19850.0
19860.1
19870.2
19880.2
19890.4
19900.50.3%100.0%
19910.80.5%100.0%
19921.11.3%100.0%
19931.42.0%100.0%
19942.13.3%100.0%
19953.56.5%100.0%
19966.59.7%100.0%
199711.014.1%100.0%
19980.521.322.2%100.0%
199942.739.2%100.0%
20001.667.044.0%100.0%
20012.975.449.4%100.0%
20027.274.361.3%100.0%
200312.180.764.4%100.0%
200419.590.168.5%100.0%
200524.996.281.0%100.0%
200631.5104.983.7%100.0%
200733.3116.785.8%100.0%
200835.0124.387.4%100.0%
200936.7120.889.6%100.0%
201037.72,084.8114.490.7%100.0%
201138.63,200.8117.791.4%100.0%
201239.34,852.8116.692.9%100.0%
201340.05,668.3114.794.0%100.0%
201440.27,204.7114.991.7%100.0%
201541.19,728.9121.691.7%100.0%
201642.024,130.8121.490.4%100.0%
201742.170,412.1118.693.2%100.0%
201842.5100,581.5121.291.9%100.0%
201942.5130,279.5124.193.3%100.0%
202042.7136,863.0121.491.3%100.0%
202142.9164,133.5123.492.1%100.0%
202243.6181,183.8115.892.5%100.0%
202343.3194,962.9125.397.0%100.0%
202443.0198,682.4128.597.0%

Education

Education summary
MetricLatestLatest YearStartPeakLow10y25yWorldContinentSourceTrend
Researchers6,563.320232,277.619966,563.320232,277.61996+1,675.9 / 10y+4,085.0 / 25y25y2,253.03,863.9WorldBankWdi
Tertiary Enrollment86.6%202353.0%200189.4%202153.0%2001+10.8 pts / 10y+33.6 pts / 22y22y52.0%83.3%WorldBankWdi
Secondary Enrollment137.5%2023123.4%2001138.8%2022111.4%2012+26.1 pts / 10y+14.1 pts / 22y22y81.8%104.9%WorldBankWdi
Education year by year 1816–2023 · 208 years · 3 metrics
Year ResearchersTertiary EnrollmentSecondary Enrollment
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
19962,277.6
19972,427.1
19982,478.4
19992,631.6
20002,637.9
20012,828.353.0%123.4%
20022,701.254.3%120.8%
20032,682.055.0%119.9%
20042,951.256.8%116.9%
20052,909.058.8%117.6%
20063,224.959.8%118.4%
20073,093.160.4%119.8%
20083,064.061.0%121.5%
20092,822.261.4%122.7%
20103,210.063.7%124.6%
20113,648.175.5%129.9%
20124,336.175.8%111.4%
20134,887.4
20144,926.1
20154,891.880.2%114.1%
20165,109.279.8%113.0%
20175,273.283.2%115.2%
20185,496.883.7%114.5%
20195,592.1114.8%
20205,799.385.3%136.3%
20216,003.989.4%136.0%
20226,319.2138.8%
20236,563.386.6%137.5%

Health

Health summary
MetricLatestLatest YearStartPeakLow10y25yWorldContinentSourceTrend
Physicians3.8820221.1019603.8820221.101960+0.65 / 10y+1.30 / 25y25y2.303.98WorldBankWdi
Hospital Beds2.4220225.8019905.8019902.422022-1.32 / 10y-2.78 / 25y25y4.165.07WorldBankWdi
Measles Immunization89.0%202491.0%198096.0%201489.0%2022-7.0 pts / 10y-7.0 pts / 25y25y88.9%93.4%WorldBankWdi
Maternal Mortality4.0202312.0198513.020024.02020-2.0 / 10y-8.0 / 25y25y111.88.0WorldBankWdi
Life Expectancy82.0202471.4195082.1201971.41950+0.3 / 10y+4.1 / 25y25y73.479.1WorldBankWdi
Infant Mortality3.4202416.4196016.419603.42022-0.1 / 10y-1.8 / 25y25y19.04.4WorldBankWdi
Under-5 Mortality3.9202420.8196020.819603.92023-0.2 / 10y-2.4 / 25y25y24.75.2WorldBankWdi
Health year by year 1816–2024 · 209 years · 7 metrics
Year PhysiciansHospital BedsMeasles ImmunizationMaternal MortalityLife ExpectancyInfant MortalityUnder-5 Mortality
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
195071.4
195171.5
195272.1
195371.7
195472.4
195572.5
195672.5
195773.0
195873.1
195973.2
19601.1073.416.420.8
19611.1073.716.020.3
19621.1073.315.619.7
19631.1073.315.219.2
19641.1073.714.818.8
19651.2073.614.518.3
19661.2073.514.117.9
19671.2073.813.817.4
19681.2073.613.416.9
19691.2073.513.016.4
19701.2073.612.615.8
19711.3073.812.115.3
19721.4073.711.714.7
19731.4074.111.314.1
19741.5074.510.813.6
19751.6074.510.413.1
19761.7074.610.012.6
19771.7075.29.712.1
19781.8075.19.311.6
19791.8075.69.011.2
198091.0%75.78.810.9
198191.0%75.98.510.6
198292.0%76.08.410.4
198392.0%76.28.210.1
198492.0%76.28.09.9
198592.0%12.076.37.99.7
198693.0%12.076.37.79.5
198793.0%12.076.77.59.2
198894.0%12.076.97.28.9
198994.0%12.076.77.08.6
19902.495.8094.0%12.076.96.88.3
19912.585.7094.0%12.077.06.58.0
19925.7095.0%12.077.26.37.7
19935.6094.0%12.076.96.17.4
19945.4094.0%12.077.45.97.1
19955.3094.0%12.077.45.76.9
19965.2096.0%12.077.45.56.7
19975.2096.0%13.077.85.46.6
19985.1096.0%12.077.95.36.4
19992.365.0096.0%13.077.85.26.3
20002.424.8896.0%13.078.05.16.2
20012.494.7195.0%13.078.25.06.0
20022.554.6595.0%13.078.34.95.9
20032.594.4596.0%12.078.54.85.7
20042.634.4696.0%11.079.14.65.5
20052.684.4095.0%10.079.34.45.3
20062.774.3696.0%9.079.74.35.1
20072.774.2596.0%8.080.14.14.9
20082.844.2196.0%8.080.34.04.7
20092.904.1796.0%7.080.53.94.6
20102.944.0896.0%6.080.73.84.4
20113.103.9496.0%7.081.23.74.3
20123.223.7496.0%6.081.13.64.2
20133.283.6696.0%6.081.33.64.2
20143.393.5196.0%5.081.73.54.1
20153.463.4695.0%5.081.53.54.1
20163.503.3894.0%5.081.63.54.1
20173.573.2493.0%5.081.83.54.0
20183.633.1593.0%5.081.83.54.0
20193.712.9994.0%5.082.13.54.0
20203.812.8894.0%4.081.43.54.0
20213.882.9293.0%5.081.33.54.0
20223.882.4289.0%4.081.63.44.0
202389.0%4.081.93.43.9
202489.0%82.03.43.9

Environment

Environment summary
MetricLatestLatest YearStartPeakLow10y25yWorldContinentSourceTrend
Agricultural Land53.5%202368.0%196168.0%196153.5%2023-1.3 pts / 10y-3.2 pts / 25y25yn/an/aWorldBankWdi
Renewable Electricity33.1%20211.1%199033.1%20211.1%1990+22.3 pts / 10y+31.0 pts / 25y25yn/an/aWorldBankWdi
Fossil Fuel Energy0.0%202496.0%199096.4%19970.0%2016-93.3 pts / 10y-95.1 pts / 25y25yn/an/aWorldBankWdi
CO2 Emissions118,7912024134,1431970187,8531996118,7912024-42,972 / 10y-57,360 / 25y25y37,916,4475,832,517WorldBankWdi
CO2 per Capita6.60202410.29197012.1019966.602024-2.99 / 10y-4.54 / 25y25y4.696.80WorldBankWdi
Forest Area11.1%202310.2%199011.1%201010.2%1990+0.1 pts / 10y+0.5 pts / 25y25yn/an/aWorldBankWdi
Environment year by year 1816–2024 · 209 years · 6 metrics
Year Agricultural LandRenewable ElectricityFossil Fuel EnergyCO2 EmissionsCO2 per CapitaForest Area
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
196168.0%
196267.8%
196367.4%
196466.9%
196566.6%
196666.6%
196766.4%
196866.2%
196965.7%
197065.2%134,14310.29
197163.3%134,66010.21
197262.8%150,43011.29
197362.4%156,74511.66
197462.2%148,69310.98
197561.8%140,01010.24
197661.6%150,79310.95
197761.2%148,49510.72
197860.7%153,29211.00
197960.3%162,72711.59
198060.3%155,11310.96
198160.1%154,19610.82
198260.1%143,89910.05
198359.5%139,3239.70
198459.7%145,46110.08
198559.8%149,73010.33
198659.8%152,06410.44
198759.7%156,33010.66
198859.7%156,32110.59
198959.4%159,55410.75
199059.8%1.1%96.0%164,81811.0210.2%
199158.3%1.3%96.2%170,94111.3410.3%
199258.2%1.3%95.9%169,03611.1310.3%
199358.3%1.4%95.4%172,29911.2710.4%
199457.8%1.6%95.8%173,36411.2710.4%
199558.2%1.7%96.4%177,61711.4910.4%
199657.8%2.1%96.4%187,85312.1010.5%
199758.2%2.3%96.4%180,11011.5410.5%
199856.7%2.6%96.0%180,85811.5110.6%
199958.4%2.9%95.1%176,15111.1410.6%
200058.0%3.3%94.7%176,85511.1110.6%
200157.0%3.5%95.3%181,45711.3110.7%
200257.5%4.1%95.3%181,83311.2610.7%
200356.7%4.1%95.5%184,28511.3610.8%
200457.7%5.2%95.9%186,75311.4710.8%
200557.4%7.5%94.9%182,18311.1610.9%
200656.9%8.1%94.4%177,68010.8710.9%
200756.7%7.2%94.6%178,86310.9210.9%
200857.1%8.9%94.1%179,94510.9411.0%
200956.8%9.5%94.0%174,75410.5711.0%
201055.5%9.4%94.5%186,12111.2011.1%
201155.1%10.8%92.7%174,07310.4311.0%
201254.6%12.1%92.2%171,60210.2411.0%
201354.8%11.9%93.8%169,35610.0810.9%
201454.6%11.3%93.3%161,7639.5910.9%
201554.8%12.4%92.0%169,35410.0010.8%
201653.9%12.8%0.0%170,79410.0310.9%
201754.0%14.9%0.0%168,1769.8210.9%
201854.1%16.5%0.0%163,0959.4610.9%
201954.0%18.8%0.0%157,9749.1110.9%
202053.9%26.6%0.0%142,1608.1511.0%
202153.8%33.1%0.0%145,8958.3211.0%
202253.6%0.0%133,1147.5211.0%
202353.5%0.0%122,9186.8811.1%
20240.0%118,7916.60
Generated 2026-04-12T13:34:45.1411487Z
Sources: CiaWorldLeaders | ConstituteChronology | CountryPageNarrative | CowStateSystem | GeoBoundariesADM0 | Polity5 | Roster | SiteModernCountryData | UNWorldPopulationProspects | WorldBankMetadata | WorldBankWdi