Romania

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The principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia – for centuries under the control of the Turkish Ottoman Empire – secured their autonomy through the Treaty of Paris in 1856. They were de facto linked in 1859 and formally united in 1862 under the new name of Romania. The country joined the Allied Powers in World War I and subsequently acquired new territories – most notably Transylvania – that more than doubled its size. In 1940, Romania allied with the Axis powers and participated in the 1941 German invasion of the USSR. Three years later, overrun by the Soviets, Romania signed an armistice. The post-war Soviet occupation led to the formation of a communist “people’s republic” in 1947 and the abdication of the king. The decades-long rule of dictator Nicolae CEAUSESCU, who took power in 1965, and his Securitate police state became increasingly oppressive and draconian through the 1980s. CEAUSESCU was overthrown and executed in late 1989. Former communists dominated the government until 1996 when they were swept from power. Romania joined NATO in 2004, the EU in 2007, and the Schengen Area for air and sea travel in 2024.

Current Country Profile

🇷🇴 Romania

ContinentEurope
RegionEast European Continental Core
Formation1878
Age148 years
Land Area237,432 sq km
Population
19.1M
Latest 2024
GDP
$382.56B
Latest 2024
GDP per Capita
$20K
Latest 2024
Terra Firma
Population
19.1M
Latest 2024
GDP
$382.56B
Latest 2024
GDP per Capita
$20K
Latest 2024
GNI per Capita
$18K
Latest 2024
Land Area
237,432 sq km
Western Europe
Current System
Democracy

Benchmark Shelf

Population
19.1M World 8.1B Europe 866.8M
GDP
$382.56B World $109.24T Europe $29.08T
GDP per Capita
$20K World $14K Europe $34K
Life Expectancy
76.5 World 73.4 Europe 79.1
Internet Users
91.3% World 72.6% Europe 91.5%
Urban Population
52.2% World 57.4% Europe 76.1%
Trade Openness
77.2% World 54.7% Europe 86.6%
CO2 per Capita
3.72 World 4.69 Europe 6.80

Trend Wall

Population
2000-2024
19.1M
Latest 2024-857.2K / 10y
GDP
2000-2024
$382.56B
Latest 2024+$182.84B / 10y
GDP per Capita
2000-2024
$20K
Latest 2024+$10K / 10y
Life Expectancy
2000-2024
76.5
Latest 2024+1.5 / 10yContinent 79.1
Internet Users
2000-2024
91.3%
Latest 2024+37.2 pts / 10yContinent 91.5%
Exports and Imports
2000-2024
$159.19B
Latest 2024Exports $136.20BImports $159.19BBalance $-22.99B
ExportsImports
Fertility Rate
2000-2024
1.39
Latest 2024-0.17 / 10y
Urban Population
2000-2024
52.2%
Latest 2024-1.7 pts / 10y
Inflation
2000-2024
5.7%
Latest 2024+4.7 pts / 10y
Unemployment
2001-2025
6.0%
Latest 2025-0.8 pts / 10y
Electricity Access
1999-2023
100.0%
Latest 2023+1.9 pts / 10y
CO2 per Capita
2000-2024
3.72
Latest 2024-0.25 / 10y

Current Structure

Demographic Structure
Share of population
Child share 15.7%
Working-age share 64.3%
Elderly share 20.0%
Economic Structure
Share of value added
Agriculture 2.8%
Industry 25.3%
Services 62.6%
Other 9.4%
Land Use
Share of land area
Forest area 30.1%
Agricultural land 55.3%
Other land 14.6%
Electricity Mix
% of total electricity output
Fossil electricity 30.9%
Nuclear electricity 19.3%
Hydroelectricity 32.2%
Other renewables 17.6%
Energy Use Mix
% of total energy use
Fossil fuel energy 69.2%
Alternative and nuclear energy 17.5%
Combustible renewables and waste 13.3%

Milestone Timeline

Formation
1878
Modern state established
The modern sovereign-state footing used here begins in 1878.
Regime
1947
Shift to Autocracy
1948
Constitution adopted
1952
Constitution adopted
1965
Constitution adopted
External
2004
NATO milestone
Romania joined NATO in 2004, the EU in 2007, and the Schengen Area for air and sea travel in 2024.

Historical Footing

Before the modern state
1856 to 1877
The principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia – for centuries under the control of the Turkish Ottoman Empire – secured their autonomy through the Treaty of Paris in 1856.
State formation
1878
The modern sovereign-state footing used here begins in 1878.
Current footing
1878 to present
Today Romania sits in East European Continental Core, with a current system of Democracy.

Annual Explorer

Health
Infant Mortality
6.0
2024
-2.3 / 10y
W 19.0
C 4.4
Under-5 Mortality
7.3
2024
-2.6 / 10y
W 24.7
C 5.2
Maternal Mortality
12.0
2023
-6.0 / 10y
W 111.8
C 8.0
Physicians
3.63
2022
+1.03 / 10y
W 2.30
C 3.98
Hospital Beds
7.23
2022
+0.67 / 10y
W 4.16
C 5.07
Measles Immunization
78.0%
2024
-11.0 pts / 10y
W 88.9%
C 93.4%
Education
Secondary Enrollment
81.6%
2023
-14.1 pts / 10y
W 81.8%
C 104.9%
Tertiary Enrollment
55.2%
2023
+3.8 pts / 10y
W 52.0%
C 83.3%
Researchers
1,082.1
2023
+158.4 / 10y
W 2,253.0
C 3,863.9
Adult Literacy
99.2%
2021
+0.6 pts / 10y
W 78.1%
C 99.1%
Environment
CO2 Emissions
70,883
2024
-8,107 / 10y
W 37,916,447
C 5,832,517
Demography
Population Growth
0.0%
2024
+0.3 pts / 10y
W 1.0%
C 0.3%
Density
80.2
2024
-6.5 / 10y
W n/a
C n/a
Median Age
42.6
2023
+3.1 / 10y
W 30.8
C 40.9
Net Migration
-29,041
2025
+6,710 / 10y
W n/a
C n/a
Connectivity
Mobile Subscriptions
119.8
2024
+5.0 / 10y
W 110.2
C 135.9
Fixed Broadband
35.8
2024
+15.7 / 10y
W 19.9
C 34.3
Secure Servers
27,229.6
2024
+26,982.9 / 10y
W 16,260.9
C 52,740.7
Economy
GDP Growth
0.9%
2024
-3.2 pts / 10y
W n/a
C n/a
Labor Force Participation
51.3%
2025
+0.1 pts / 10y
W n/a
C n/a

Deep Data

Demography

Demography summary
MetricLatestLatest YearStartPeakLow10y25yWorldContinentSourceTrend
Child Share15.7%202428.1%196028.1%196015.7%2015+0.1 pts / 10y-3.3 pts / 25y25y24.8%16.3%WorldBankWdi
Fertility Rate1.3920243.0819503.6619671.272001-0.17 / 10y+0.09 / 25y25y2.171.42WorldBankWdi
Elderly Share20.0%20246.9%196020.0%20246.9%1960+3.2 pts / 10y+6.8 pts / 25y25y10.2%19.0%WorldBankWdi
Net Migration-29,04120258,256195089,0762022-144,3682008+6,710 / 10y+63,410 / 25y25yn/an/aWorldBankWdi
Working-Age Share64.3%202465.0%196069.1%200662.4%1981-3.2 pts / 10y-3.4 pts / 25y25y65.1%64.6%WorldBankWdi
Population Growth0.0%20241.4%19501.6%1967-1.8%2002+0.3 pts / 10y+0.1 pts / 25y25y1.0%0.3%WorldBankWdi
Population19.1M20249.6M187823.2M19909.6M1878-857.2K / 10y-3.4M / 25y25y8.1B866.8MWorldBankWdi
Density80.2202440.6187899.7199140.61878-6.5 / 10y-16.1 / 25y25yn/an/aDerived
Median Age42.6202325.3195042.6202325.31950+3.1 / 10y+9.2 / 25y25y30.840.9UNWorldPopulationProspects
Urban Population52.2%202434.4%196054.3%199234.4%1960-1.7 pts / 10y-0.9 pts / 25y25y57.4%76.1%WorldBankWdi
Demography year by year 1878–2025 · 148 years · 10 metrics
Year Child ShareFertility RateElderly ShareNet MigrationWorking-Age SharePopulation GrowthPopulationDensityMedian AgeUrban Population
18789.6M40.6
18799.7M40.8
18809.8M41.1
18819.8M41.3
18829.9M41.6
18839.9M41.8
188410.0M42.1
188510.1M42.4
188610.1M42.6
188710.2M42.9
188810.2M43.1
188910.3M43.4
189010.4M43.7
189110.4M43.9
189210.5M44.2
189310.6M44.4
189410.6M44.7
189510.7M45.0
189610.7M45.2
189710.8M45.5
189810.9M45.8
189910.9M46.0
190011.0M46.4
190111.1M46.7
190211.2M47.0
190311.2M47.4
190411.3M47.7
190511.4M48.1
190611.5M48.5
190711.6M48.8
190811.7M49.2
190911.8M49.5
191011.8M49.8
191111.9M50.1
191212.0M50.3
191312.0M50.5
191412.0M50.7
191512.1M50.9
191612.1M51.1
191712.2M51.3
191812.2M51.5
191912.3M51.8
192012.4M52.2
192112.5M52.8
192212.7M53.4
192312.8M54.1
192413.0M54.9
192513.2M55.6
192613.4M56.4
192713.6M57.1
192813.8M57.9
192913.9M58.7
193014.1M59.5
193114.3M60.2
193214.5M60.9
193314.6M61.7
193414.8M62.4
193515.0M63.1
193615.2M63.9
193715.3M64.6
193815.5M65.4
193915.7M66.0
194015.8M66.6
194115.9M67.0
194216.0M67.3
194316.0M67.4
194416.1M67.6
194516.1M67.8
194616.1M68.0
194716.2M68.1
194816.2M68.3
194916.3M68.6
19503.088,2561.4%16.4M71.325.3
19513.05-2,0541.4%16.6M72.325.4
19523.02-17,7111.3%16.8M73.225.6
19532.99-29,8101.2%17.1M74.125.7
19542.99-35,5311.2%17.3M75.025.9
19553.01-41,0931.2%17.5M76.026.1
19562.88-12,0561.3%17.7M76.926.3
19572.71-52,7440.9%17.9M77.726.6
19582.57-54,0180.8%18.0M78.426.9
19592.42-54,6700.7%18.2M79.127.2
196028.1%2.346.9%-55,39765.0%0.7%18.4M79.627.534.4%
196128.0%2.177.0%-54,64265.0%0.8%18.6M80.127.935.0%
196227.7%2.047.1%-56,15265.2%0.7%18.7M80.528.335.7%
196327.3%2.017.3%-58,07665.4%0.6%18.8M80.828.736.3%
196426.7%1.967.5%-59,50065.8%0.6%18.9M81.129.237.0%
196526.0%1.917.8%-60,43066.3%0.6%19.0M81.329.637.7%
196625.2%1.908.0%-25,45866.8%1.0%19.2M81.630.038.5%
196725.0%3.668.2%37,28266.8%1.6%19.5M82.630.339.3%
196825.1%3.638.4%33,60166.5%1.4%19.8M84.230.340.2%
196925.1%3.198.5%74,85166.3%1.1%20.0M85.630.341.1%
197025.1%2.898.7%71,91966.2%1.2%20.3M87.030.442.0%
197124.9%2.678.8%74,47366.2%1.0%20.5M88.230.543.0%
197224.9%2.559.0%61,92066.1%1.0%20.7M89.330.643.9%
197324.9%2.449.2%58,65165.9%0.9%20.8M90.430.744.8%
197425.1%2.719.4%6,72565.5%0.9%21.0M91.430.745.7%
197525.3%2.599.7%9,12565.0%1.2%21.3M92.430.746.5%
197625.7%2.549.9%18,74864.5%1.2%21.6M93.430.847.2%
197726.0%2.5710.1%-28,13563.9%0.9%21.8M94.330.747.8%
197826.3%2.5210.4%-31,42763.3%0.9%22.0M95.030.648.4%
197926.5%2.4910.6%-29,60062.9%0.6%22.1M95.730.549.0%
198026.8%2.4310.6%-16,66862.6%0.5%22.2M96.330.649.7%
198127.1%2.3610.5%-20,87062.4%0.7%22.4M96.830.750.3%
198226.8%2.1710.3%-4,72563.0%0.5%22.5M97.230.950.9%
198325.9%2.069.9%3,09364.2%0.4%22.6M97.631.251.5%
198425.1%2.269.8%-24,62965.1%0.4%22.6M97.931.452.0%
198524.6%2.319.8%-28,10865.6%0.4%22.7M98.331.552.5%
198624.3%2.399.9%-50,45065.8%0.5%22.8M98.631.653.0%
198724.0%2.3810.1%-42,86865.9%0.5%22.9M98.931.753.4%
198823.9%2.3010.2%-48,91165.9%0.5%23.1M99.231.953.8%
198923.7%2.2210.4%-33,86666.0%0.4%23.2M99.532.054.0%
199023.3%1.8310.6%-38,15766.1%0.2%23.2M99.732.154.2%
199122.8%1.5910.8%-36,82466.4%-0.9%23.0M99.732.354.3%
199222.2%1.5111.1%-63,20066.8%-0.9%22.8M99.632.554.3%
199321.6%1.4311.4%-73,47567.0%-0.1%22.8M99.332.754.2%
199421.0%1.4011.7%-76,24667.3%-0.1%22.7M98.932.954.1%
199520.5%1.3312.0%-73,77967.5%-0.2%22.7M98.533.153.9%
199620.0%1.3012.3%-70,79967.7%-0.3%22.6M98.033.253.7%
199719.6%1.3212.6%-88,73467.8%-0.3%22.6M97.433.453.4%
199819.3%1.3212.9%-81,36667.7%-0.2%22.5M96.933.553.2%
199919.1%1.3013.2%-82,59067.7%-0.2%22.5M96.333.653.0%
200018.6%1.3113.5%-92,45167.9%-0.1%22.4M95.833.652.9%
200118.1%1.2713.8%-91,15468.1%-1.4%22.1M95.333.852.8%
200217.5%1.2714.1%-106,58568.4%-1.8%21.7M94.634.252.7%
200316.9%1.3014.4%-107,13968.7%-0.7%21.6M93.934.752.8%
200416.4%1.3314.7%-117,43268.9%-0.6%21.5M93.035.352.9%
200516.0%1.4014.9%-131,17669.1%-0.6%21.3M92.235.853.1%
200615.8%1.4215.1%-132,77769.1%-0.6%21.2M91.436.453.3%
200715.7%1.4515.3%-133,08969.0%-1.5%20.9M90.736.953.4%
200815.7%1.6015.4%-144,36868.9%-1.7%20.5M90.137.453.6%
200915.7%1.6615.6%-137,95368.7%-0.8%20.4M89.437.953.8%
201015.7%1.5915.8%-122,36468.4%-0.6%20.2M88.838.353.9%
201115.8%1.4716.1%-102,76968.2%-0.5%20.1M88.238.854.0%
201215.7%1.5216.3%-37,58968.0%-0.4%20.1M87.639.254.0%
201315.7%1.4616.5%-34,91067.8%-0.4%20.0M87.239.553.9%
201415.7%1.5616.8%-35,44867.5%-0.4%19.9M86.839.953.8%
201515.7%1.6217.2%-35,75167.1%-0.5%19.8M86.440.353.7%
201615.7%1.6917.6%-33,07366.7%-0.6%19.7M86.040.653.6%
201715.8%1.7817.9%-33,08166.3%-0.6%19.6M85.641.053.4%
201815.9%1.7618.2%-33,01865.8%-0.6%19.5M85.241.353.1%
201916.0%1.7718.6%-27,90965.4%-0.5%19.4M84.841.652.9%
202016.1%1.8019.0%-13,20264.9%-0.6%19.3M84.342.052.6%
202116.1%1.8119.3%-17,73164.6%-0.7%19.1M83.742.252.2%
202216.0%1.7119.5%89,07664.5%-0.4%19.0M83.342.452.2%
202315.9%1.5419.8%-27,78064.4%0.1%19.1M83.142.652.2%
202415.7%1.3920.0%-28,46664.3%0.0%19.1M80.252.2%
2025-29,041

Economy

Economy summary
MetricLatestLatest YearStartPeakLow10y25yWorldContinentSourceTrend
Labor Force Participation51.3%202550.1%199052.6%202247.2%2009+0.1 pts / 10y+0.3 pts / 25y25yn/an/aWorldBankWdi
Unemployment6.0%20258.2%19918.3%19923.9%2019-0.8 pts / 10y-1.0 pts / 25y25yn/an/aWorldBankWdi
Industry Value Added25.3%202445.9%199045.9%199025.3%2024-7.3 pts / 10y-5.1 pts / 25y25yn/an/aWorldBankWdi
Agriculture Value Added2.8%202421.8%199021.8%19902.8%2024-2.1 pts / 10y-9.8 pts / 25y25yn/an/aWorldBankWdi
Services Value Added62.6%202424.2%199062.6%202424.2%1990+11.6 pts / 10y+16.0 pts / 25y25yn/an/aWorldBankWdi
GDP Growth0.9%2024-12.9%199110.4%2004-12.9%1991-3.2 pts / 10y+1.3 pts / 25y25yn/an/aWorldBankWdi
GDP$382.56B2024$38.07B1987$382.56B2024$25.12B1992+$182.84B / 10y+$346.61B / 25y25y$109.24T$29.08TWorldBankWdi
GDP per Capita$20K2024$2K1987$20K2024$1K1992+$10K / 10y+$18K / 25y25y$14K$34KWorldBankWdi
Inflation5.7%2024230.6%1991255.2%1993-1.5%2016+4.7 pts / 10y-40.1 pts / 25y25yn/an/aWorldBankWdi
GNI per Capita$18K2024$1K1992$18K2024$1K1993+$8K / 10y+$16K / 25y25y$14K$32KWorldBankWdi
Economy year by year 1878–2025 · 148 years · 10 metrics
Year Labor Force ParticipationUnemploymentIndustry Value AddedAgriculture Value AddedServices Value AddedGDP GrowthGDPGDP per CapitaInflationGNI per Capita
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987$38.07B$2K
1988$40.42B$2K
1989$41.45B$2K
199050.1%45.9%21.8%24.2%$38.25B$2K
199150.3%8.2%42.2%18.9%32.6%-12.9%$28.85B$1K230.6%
199250.7%8.3%43.1%19.0%35.9%-8.8%$25.12B$1K211.2%$1K
199350.8%8.3%39.0%21.0%32.7%1.5%$26.36B$1K255.2%$1K
199450.6%8.2%42.7%19.9%29.7%3.9%$30.07B$1K136.8%$1K
199550.4%8.0%36.4%18.2%40.3%6.2%$37.43B$2K32.2%$1K
199650.3%6.7%37.8%17.5%39.8%3.9%$36.94B$2K38.8%$2K
199750.6%5.5%36.0%17.5%40.0%-4.8%$35.58B$2K154.8%$2K
199850.8%5.6%32.2%14.4%43.6%-2.0%$41.70B$2K59.1%$2K
199951.0%6.2%30.4%12.6%46.6%-0.4%$35.95B$2K45.8%$2K
200051.1%7.0%30.3%10.9%49.2%2.5%$37.25B$2K45.7%$2K
200150.9%6.6%32.3%13.1%45.2%5.2%$40.40B$2K34.5%$2K
200250.7%8.1%33.3%11.3%45.7%5.7%$46.07B$2K22.5%$2K
200350.7%7.0%32.0%11.9%45.3%2.3%$57.81B$3K15.3%$2K
200450.6%7.7%31.8%12.7%45.2%10.4%$74.97B$3K11.9%$3K
200550.5%7.2%32.3%8.5%47.9%4.7%$98.45B$5K9.0%$4K
200650.6%7.3%33.0%7.8%48.3%8.0%$122.02B$6K6.6%$5K
200750.7%6.4%34.3%5.5%49.3%7.2%$174.59B$8K4.8%$7K
200851.0%5.8%36.8%6.3%46.6%9.3%$214.32B$10K7.9%$9K
200947.2%6.9%36.4%6.1%48.4%-5.5%$174.11B$9K5.6%$9K
201050.3%7.0%38.3%5.2%46.0%-3.9%$170.06B$8K6.1%$9K
201149.9%7.2%40.2%6.0%42.3%4.5%$192.62B$10K5.8%$9K
201250.0%6.8%34.4%4.5%49.4%1.9%$179.12B$9K3.3%$9K
201350.1%7.1%32.1%5.5%50.6%0.3%$189.80B$9K4.0%$9K
201450.5%6.8%32.6%4.9%50.9%4.1%$199.72B$10K1.1%$10K
201551.2%6.8%30.8%4.4%52.6%3.2%$177.89B$9K-0.6%$10K
201650.9%5.9%30.1%4.3%55.1%2.9%$185.29B$9K-1.5%$9K
201751.8%4.9%29.1%4.4%56.9%8.2%$210.15B$11K1.3%$10K
201851.8%4.2%29.1%4.5%56.8%5.4%$241.79B$12K4.6%$11K
201952.0%3.9%27.8%4.3%58.4%4.0%$250.08B$13K3.8%$13K
202052.0%5.0%26.6%4.1%59.9%-3.6%$250.63B$13K2.6%$13K
202152.5%5.6%26.2%4.6%59.5%5.6%$285.07B$15K5.1%$14K
202252.6%5.6%27.6%3.8%60.4%4.2%$295.32B$16K13.8%$15K
202351.7%5.6%27.1%3.3%60.9%2.3%$347.76B$18K10.4%$17K
202451.5%5.4%25.3%2.8%62.6%0.9%$382.56B$20K5.7%$18K
202551.3%6.0%

Trade

Trade summary
MetricLatestLatest YearStartPeakLow10y25yWorldContinentSourceTrend
Trade Openness77.2%202442.9%199093.9%202239.1%1991-6.2 pts / 10y+19.2 pts / 25y25y54.7%86.6%Derived
Imports$159.19B2024$10.01B1990$159.19B2024$6.21B1991+$75.51B / 10y+$147.93B / 25y25y$29.11T$12.07TWorldBankWdi
Exports$136.20B2024$6.40B1990$136.48B2023$5.08B1991+$53.37B / 10y+$126.62B / 25y25y$29.85T$13.10TWorldBankWdi
Trade year by year 1878–2024 · 147 years · 3 metrics
Year Trade OpennessImportsExports
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
199042.9%$10.01B$6.40B
199139.1%$6.21B$5.08B
199264.0%$9.09B$6.98B
199351.0%$7.38B$6.07B
199451.9%$8.11B$7.49B
199556.3%$11.48B$9.59B
199660.8%$12.68B$9.77B
199763.2%$12.45B$10.03B
199853.8%$12.85B$9.60B
199958.0%$11.26B$9.59B
200048.5%$10.03B$8.04B
200151.9%$12.05B$8.93B
200253.7%$13.68B$11.06B
200356.2%$18.48B$14.00B
200460.6%$26.15B$19.30B
200559.4%$34.29B$24.16B
200661.7%$45.04B$30.23B
200763.5%$67.73B$43.14B
200865.2%$83.63B$56.06B
200958.5%$56.49B$45.31B
201070.0%$65.16B$53.81B
201176.3%$79.04B$67.87B
201276.6%$73.23B$63.96B
201381.4%$78.11B$76.39B
201483.4%$83.68B$82.84B
201583.5%$75.02B$73.55B
201685.9%$80.56B$78.59B
201787.2%$94.19B$88.96B
201887.1%$109.55B$101.03B
201984.9%$111.46B$100.87B
202078.4%$103.73B$92.66B
202187.1%$132.21B$116.01B
202293.9%$148.95B$128.50B
202383.4%$153.47B$136.48B
202477.2%$159.19B$136.20B

Connectivity

Connectivity summary
MetricLatestLatest YearStartPeakLow10y25yWorldContinentSourceTrend
Fixed Broadband35.820240.0200135.820240.02001+15.7 / 10y+35.8 / 23y23y19.934.3WorldBankWdi
Secure Servers27,229.6202439.0201027,229.6202439.02010+26,982.9 / 10y+27,190.6 / 14y14y16,260.952,740.7WorldBankWdi
Mobile Subscriptions119.820240.01960123.320230.01960+5.0 / 10y+113.7 / 25y25y110.2135.9WorldBankWdi
Internet Users91.3%20240.0%199091.3%20240.0%1990+37.2 pts / 10y+88.6 pts / 25y25y72.6%91.5%WorldBankWdi
Electricity Access100.0%2023100.0%1990100.0%202394.4%2000+1.9 pts / 10y0.0 pts / 25y25y91.6%100.0%WorldBankWdi
Connectivity year by year 1878–2024 · 147 years · 5 metrics
Year Fixed BroadbandSecure ServersMobile SubscriptionsInternet UsersElectricity Access
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
19600.0
1961
1962
1963
1964
19650.0
1966
1967
1968
1969
19700.0
1971
1972
1973
1974
19750.0
19760.0
19770.0
19780.0
19790.0
19800.0
19810.0
19820.0
19830.0
19840.0
19850.0
19860.0
19870.0
19880.0
19890.0
19900.00.0%100.0%
19910.0100.0%
19920.0100.0%
19930.00.0%100.0%
19940.00.0%100.0%
19950.00.1%100.0%
19960.10.2%100.0%
19970.90.4%100.0%
19982.92.2%100.0%
19996.22.7%100.0%
200011.33.6%94.4%
20010.017.54.5%94.6%
20020.123.56.6%94.9%
20030.932.68.9%95.1%
20040.547.715.0%95.3%
20051.863.021.5%95.6%
20065.276.024.7%95.9%
20079.497.728.3%96.1%
200812.2118.132.4%96.5%
200913.7122.036.6%96.8%
201014.739.0119.239.9%97.1%
201116.260.9115.540.0%97.4%
201217.6131.4113.345.9%97.8%
201318.9175.9114.249.8%98.1%
201420.1246.7114.854.1%98.4%
201521.4361.2116.455.8%98.8%
201622.53,421.5115.859.5%99.1%
201724.112,254.4113.863.7%100.0%
201826.015,938.1115.570.7%99.8%
201927.119,164.6116.373.7%100.0%
202029.321,374.3116.578.5%100.0%
202131.723,316.8119.183.6%100.0%
202233.224,738.1121.185.5%100.0%
202334.726,834.6123.389.2%100.0%
202435.827,229.6119.891.3%

Education

Education summary
MetricLatestLatest YearStartPeakLow10y25yWorldContinentSourceTrend
Adult Literacy99.2%202196.7%199299.2%202196.7%1992+0.6 pts / 10y+2.5 pts / 25y25y78.1%99.1%WorldBankWdi
Researchers1,082.120231,340.519961,340.51996789.92011+158.4 / 10y-148.4 / 25y25y2,253.03,863.9WorldBankWdi
Secondary Enrollment81.6%202383.5%2001103.4%200981.1%2005-14.1 pts / 10y-1.9 pts / 22y22y81.8%104.9%WorldBankWdi
Tertiary Enrollment55.2%202328.1%200181.5%200928.1%2001+3.8 pts / 10y+27.1 pts / 22y22y52.0%83.3%WorldBankWdi
Education year by year 1878–2023 · 146 years · 4 metrics
Year Adult LiteracyResearchersSecondary EnrollmentTertiary Enrollment
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
199296.7%
1993
1994
1995
19961,340.5
19971,264.8
19981,230.5
19991,056.1
2000926.2
2001897.283.5%28.1%
200297.3%928.385.0%33.7%
2003966.784.2%38.9%
2004988.782.6%41.8%
20051,077.681.1%45.5%
2006900.685.7%54.1%
2007897.784.3%60.3%
2008932.894.5%73.4%
2009933.4103.4%81.5%
2010964.5102.5%75.2%
201198.6%789.9100.7%66.8%
2012891.697.5%55.0%
2013923.795.7%51.4%
2014904.893.5%51.1%
2015876.491.3%49.4%
2016910.488.8%49.9%
2017887.788.4%50.5%
2018876.286.6%52.0%
2019887.586.4%52.4%
2020942.386.4%53.5%
202199.2%988.786.2%55.3%
2022998.783.0%58.2%
20231,082.181.6%55.2%

Health

Health summary
MetricLatestLatest YearStartPeakLow10y25yWorldContinentSourceTrend
Physicians3.6320221.2719603.6320221.191970+1.03 / 10y+1.82 / 25y25y2.303.98WorldBankWdi
Hospital Beds7.2320227.2719608.9519876.462011+0.67 / 10y-0.15 / 25y25y4.165.07WorldBankWdi
Measles Immunization78.0%202483.0%198398.0%200278.0%1988-11.0 pts / 10y-20.0 pts / 25y25y88.9%93.4%WorldBankWdi
Maternal Mortality12.02023184.01985184.0198512.02023-6.0 / 10y-46.0 / 25y25y111.88.0WorldBankWdi
Life Expectancy76.5202460.5195076.5202460.51950+1.5 / 10y+5.9 / 25y25y73.479.1WorldBankWdi
Infant Mortality6.0202474.4196074.419605.32021-2.3 / 10y-13.1 / 25y25y19.04.4WorldBankWdi
Under-5 Mortality7.3202488.0196088.019606.42021-2.6 / 10y-15.6 / 25y25y24.75.2WorldBankWdi
Health year by year 1878–2024 · 147 years · 7 metrics
Year PhysiciansHospital BedsMeasles ImmunizationMaternal MortalityLife ExpectancyInfant MortalityUnder-5 Mortality
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
195060.5
195161.2
195261.8
195362.5
195463.0
195563.3
195663.6
195764.0
195864.4
195964.9
19601.277.2765.974.488.0
196165.967.579.6
196265.359.570.1
196367.152.161.3
196467.846.855.0
19651.3267.745.052.9
196668.948.256.7
196767.554.163.7
196867.656.766.9
196966.752.762.4
19701.1967.546.655.3
19711.2168.542.050.1
197268.539.347.1
19731.2469.037.645.3
197469.536.243.9
19751.3269.634.942.5
19761.3369.733.240.7
19771.3669.731.438.8
19781.3869.530.137.4
19791.4169.229.436.7
19801.488.7869.128.635.9
19811.548.7869.427.334.4
19821.648.8169.525.732.6
19831.9783.0%69.724.631.3
19841.728.9086.0%69.724.230.9
19851.768.9488.0%184.069.724.631.5
19861.788.9581.0%180.069.525.733.0
19871.798.9590.0%173.069.226.934.6
19881.818.9478.0%159.069.427.134.8
19891.818.9490.0%143.069.525.933.1
19901.828.9292.0%118.069.724.230.9
19911.848.9292.0%104.069.823.229.5
19921.867.8691.0%95.069.822.828.7
19931.767.8793.0%87.069.622.628.2
19941.767.6991.0%80.069.522.327.6
19951.777.6493.0%75.069.522.027.0
19961.827.5694.0%72.069.121.726.5
19971.807.3897.0%66.069.021.325.8
19981.857.3197.0%58.069.820.524.6
19991.917.3198.0%51.070.519.122.9
20001.967.8398.0%45.071.218.021.4
20011.997.9198.0%41.071.217.320.6
20022.107.6898.0%38.071.017.120.2
20032.016.7997.0%35.071.316.919.9
20042.256.8397.0%32.071.616.419.3
20052.236.9197.0%30.071.915.518.2
20062.236.9295.0%27.072.214.316.7
20072.316.7597.0%25.072.612.915.2
20082.436.8296.0%25.072.611.813.9
20092.456.9196.0%25.073.311.113.0
20102.496.5995.0%23.073.510.512.4
20112.526.4693.0%20.074.410.011.8
20122.606.5694.0%19.074.49.511.2
20132.636.6592.0%18.075.18.910.6
20142.696.6989.0%18.074.98.39.9
20152.766.7786.0%18.074.97.79.2
20162.836.8186.0%17.075.27.18.5
20172.916.8687.0%17.075.26.67.9
20183.036.9290.0%15.075.46.17.3
20193.177.0190.0%14.075.65.66.8
20203.317.0787.0%16.074.35.46.5
20213.497.1686.0%20.072.85.36.4
20223.637.2383.0%13.075.25.46.6
202378.0%12.076.45.66.9
202478.0%76.56.07.3

Environment

Environment summary
MetricLatestLatest YearStartPeakLow10y25yWorldContinentSourceTrend
Agricultural Land55.3%202363.4%196165.6%198855.1%2022-5.2 pts / 10y-9.0 pts / 25y25yn/an/aWorldBankWdi
Renewable Electricity44.9%202117.7%199044.9%202117.7%1990+18.3 pts / 10y+19.2 pts / 25y25yn/an/aWorldBankWdi
Fossil Fuel Energy0.0%202396.6%199096.6%19900.0%2016-73.8 pts / 10y-85.1 pts / 25y25yn/an/aWorldBankWdi
CO2 Emissions70,8832024124,9791970216,411198870,2532023-8,107 / 10y-22,305 / 25y25y37,916,4475,832,517WorldBankWdi
CO2 per Capita3.7220246.1719709.3919883.692023-0.25 / 10y-0.43 / 25y25y4.696.80WorldBankWdi
Forest Area30.1%202327.8%199030.1%202327.7%2000+0.8 pts / 10y+2.4 pts / 25y25yn/an/aWorldBankWdi
Environment year by year 1878–2024 · 147 years · 6 metrics
Year Agricultural LandRenewable ElectricityFossil Fuel EnergyCO2 EmissionsCO2 per CapitaForest Area
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
196163.4%
196263.8%
196363.9%
196464.0%
196564.2%
196664.4%
196764.4%
196865.0%
196965.0%
197064.8%124,9796.17
197164.8%125,7756.15
197264.9%131,2596.35
197364.7%143,4376.88
197464.8%145,6306.93
197564.9%157,7127.41
197664.9%173,6388.06
197764.9%181,9728.36
197865.0%197,4959.00
197965.0%202,3219.16
198065.0%200,1509.01
198164.9%201,0658.99
198265.0%200,4158.92
198365.0%202,7038.98
198465.1%200,0708.84
198565.2%199,0948.76
198665.3%204,9198.97
198765.5%212,2809.25
198865.6%216,4119.39
198964.3%214,9059.28
199064.4%17.7%96.6%187,7308.0927.8%
199164.5%25.7%95.5%152,0096.6127.8%
199264.5%21.6%96.3%138,3636.0727.8%
199364.5%23.0%94.5%131,1045.7627.8%
199464.5%23.7%94.3%128,1555.6427.8%
199564.5%28.2%93.1%133,4075.8827.8%
199664.4%25.7%90.7%136,5626.0427.7%
199764.5%30.7%85.9%124,3215.5127.7%
199864.2%35.3%85.1%108,9854.8427.7%
199964.4%36.1%84.3%93,1894.1527.7%
200064.7%28.5%84.8%97,5044.3427.7%
200164.4%27.7%86.4%104,4084.7227.8%
200264.5%29.3%86.7%103,3994.7627.8%
200364.4%24.1%86.4%107,8475.0027.9%
200461.4%29.2%84.3%105,5804.9227.9%
200561.7%34.0%84.0%104,4914.9028.0%
200661.0%29.3%85.2%110,8425.2328.1%
200759.3%25.9%83.3%107,0885.1328.1%
200859.3%26.5%80.0%105,3705.1328.2%
200959.2%27.3%76.8%85,6924.2128.3%
201061.5%33.9%75.3%83,3454.1228.3%
201160.7%26.6%77.9%89,8194.4628.6%
201259.7%25.7%76.7%87,6344.3729.0%
201360.4%34.8%73.8%79,5313.9829.3%
201460.1%42.0%73.1%78,9903.9729.7%
201560.2%40.1%39.0%80,3044.0530.0%
201658.8%42.2%0.0%78,7073.9930.1%
201758.1%38.3%0.0%81,7984.1830.1%
201858.3%41.0%0.0%83,0024.2630.1%
201960.1%42.0%0.0%81,1524.1930.1%
202056.7%44.6%0.0%75,7013.9330.1%
202156.8%44.9%0.0%80,7474.2230.1%
202255.1%0.0%75,6763.9730.1%
202355.3%0.0%70,2533.6930.1%
202470,8833.72
Generated 2026-04-12T13:35:10.2999248Z
Sources: CiaWorldLeaders | ConstituteChronology | CountryPageNarrative | CowStateSystem | GeoBoundariesADM0 | Polity5 | Roster | SiteModernCountryData | UNWorldPopulationProspects | WorldBankMetadata | WorldBankWdi