Macroeconomic – SAT – Evidence – Observables

1. Magnitude Observables

Every item listed:

• Is directly observable
• Is system-level
• Is quantitative
• Requires no formal representation

If something:

• Describes relations → Structure
• Evolves causally → Dynamics
• Restricts feasibility → Constraint
• Encodes uncertainty → Information
• Assigns desirability → Evaluation
• Encodes mathematically → Method

…it does not belong here.

SAT – Evidence – Observables – Magnitude – Aggregation & Dynamics (Macroeconomic Systems)

Property Category	Property	Observable	Value Type	Value	Reference Domain	Measurement Context	Bounds / Admissible Range	Resolution / Precision	Normalization / Baseline	Aggregation Rule	Measurement Method / Instrument	Uncertainty / Error Characterization	Revision / Update Status	Source Type
Magnitude	Aggregate quantity levels	Total output produced in a period	Period-total	Output total	System / economy	Interval	≥ 0	Smallest quantity unit	NULL	Sum	National accounts compilation	Measurement error	Final	Administrative
Magnitude	Aggregate quantity levels	Total consumption in a period	Period-total	Consumption total	System / economy	Interval	≥ 0	Smallest quantity unit	NULL	Sum	National accounts / surveys	Sampling error	Final	Administrative
Magnitude	Aggregate quantity levels	Total investment in a period	Period-total	Investment total	System / economy	Interval	≥ 0	Smallest currency increment	NULL	Sum	National accounts compilation	Reporting error	Final	Administrative
Magnitude	Aggregate quantity levels	Total government spending	Period-total	Spending total	System / government sector	Interval	≥ 0	Smallest currency increment	NULL	Sum	Government budget records	Recording error	Final	Administrative
Magnitude	Aggregate quantity levels	Total population count	Level	Population count	System / population	Timepoint	≥ 0 (integer)	1 individual	NULL	Count	Census / registry	Coverage error	Final	Administrative
Magnitude	Aggregate quantity levels	Total employment count	Level	Employment count	System / labor force	Timepoint	≥ 0 (integer)	1 individual	NULL	Count	Labor force survey / registry	Sampling error	Final	Administrative
Magnitude	Aggregate quantity levels	Total unemployment count	Level	Unemployment count	System / labor force	Timepoint	≥ 0 (integer)	1 individual	NULL	Count	Labor force survey / registry	Sampling error	Final	Administrative
Magnitude	Aggregate quantity levels	Total capital stock	Level	Capital stock value	System / economy	Timepoint	≥ 0	Smallest valuation unit	NULL	NULL	Capital stock accounting	Valuation error	Final	Derived
Magnitude	Aggregate quantity levels	Total labor hours worked	Period-total	Hours total	System / workforce	Interval	≥ 0	Smallest time unit	NULL	Sum	Time-use / payroll records	Reporting error	Final	Administrative
Magnitude	Aggregate quantity levels	Total energy usage	Period-total	Energy usage amount	System / economy	Interval	≥ 0	Smallest energy unit	NULL	Sum	Energy accounts	Measurement error	Final	Administrative
Magnitude	Aggregate quantity levels	Total money supply (measured quantity)	Level	Money stock amount	System / economy	Timepoint	≥ 0	Smallest monetary unit	NULL	NULL	Monetary statistics compilation	Measurement error	Final	Administrative
Magnitude	Aggregate quantity levels	Aggregate income received	Period-total	Income total	System / population	Interval	≥ 0	Smallest currency increment	NULL	Sum	National accounts / tax records	Reporting error	Final	Administrative
Magnitude	Flow magnitudes	Production rate	Rate	Output per time unit	System / economy	Interval	≥ 0	Smallest time unit	NULL	Mean	National accounts time series	Measurement error	Final	Administrative
Magnitude	Flow magnitudes	Consumption rate	Rate	Consumption per time unit	System / economy	Interval	≥ 0	Smallest time unit	NULL	Mean	National accounts time series	Measurement error	Final	Administrative
Magnitude	Flow magnitudes	Investment rate	Rate	Investment per time unit	System / economy	Interval	≥ 0	Smallest time unit	NULL	Mean	National accounts time series	Reporting error	Final	Administrative
Magnitude	Flow magnitudes	Migration inflows	Rate	Inflow count per time unit	System / population	Interval	≥ 0	Smallest person count	NULL	Mean	Population registry / survey	Coverage error	Final	Administrative
Magnitude	Flow magnitudes	Migration outflows	Rate	Outflow count per time unit	System / population	Interval	≥ 0	Smallest person count	NULL	Mean	Population registry / survey	Coverage error	Final	Administrative
Magnitude	Flow magnitudes	Job creation rate	Rate	Jobs created per time unit	System / labor market	Interval	≥ 0	Smallest job count	NULL	Mean	Employer records / surveys	Reporting error	Final	Administrative
Magnitude	Flow magnitudes	Job destruction rate	Rate	Jobs destroyed per time unit	System / labor market	Interval	≥ 0	Smallest job count	NULL	Mean	Employer records / surveys	Reporting error	Final	Administrative
Magnitude	Flow magnitudes	Hiring rate	Rate	Hires per time unit	System / labor market	Interval	≥ 0	Smallest hire count	NULL	Mean	Employer records / surveys	Reporting error	Final	Administrative
Magnitude	Flow magnitudes	Separation rate	Rate	Separations per time unit	System / labor market	Interval	≥ 0	Smallest separation count	NULL	Mean	Employer records / surveys	Reporting error	Final	Administrative
Magnitude	Flow magnitudes	Capital accumulation rate	Rate	Capital added per time unit	System / economy	Interval	≥ 0	Smallest valuation unit	NULL	Mean	Capital accounts	Valuation error	Final	Derived
Magnitude	Flow magnitudes	Capital depreciation rate	Rate	Capital lost per time unit	System / economy	Interval	≥ 0	Smallest valuation unit	NULL	Mean	Capital accounts	Estimation error	Final	Derived
Magnitude	Flow magnitudes	Trade inflow rate	Rate	Import value per time unit	System / economy	Interval	≥ 0	Smallest currency increment	NULL	Mean	Trade statistics	Reporting error	Final	Administrative
Magnitude	Flow magnitudes	Trade outflow rate	Rate	Export value per time unit	System / economy	Interval	≥ 0	Smallest currency increment	NULL	Mean	Trade statistics	Reporting error	Final	Administrative
Magnitude	Distribution magnitudes	Income distribution across individuals or households	Distribution	Income distribution	System / population	Interval	≥ 0 per unit	Smallest income bin	NULL	Distribution	Survey / tax records	Sampling error	Final	Administrative
Magnitude	Distribution magnitudes	Wealth distribution across individuals or households	Distribution	Wealth distribution	System / population	Timepoint	ℝ per unit	Smallest wealth bin	NULL	Distribution	Survey / balance-sheet data	Valuation error	Final	Administrative
Magnitude	Distribution magnitudes	Firm size distribution	Distribution	Firm size distribution	System / firms	Timepoint	≥ 0 per firm	Smallest firm-size unit	NULL	Distribution	Business registry	Coverage error	Final	Administrative
Magnitude	Distribution magnitudes	Sectoral output shares	Density / Intensity	Output share vector	System / sectors	Interval	[0,1] per sector	Smallest share increment	Sum = 1	Mean	National accounts	Measurement error	Final	Administrative
Magnitude	Distribution magnitudes	Employment distribution by sector	Distribution	Employment distribution	System / workforce	Interval	≥ 0 per sector	Smallest employment bin	NULL	Distribution	Labor statistics	Sampling error	Final	Administrative
Magnitude	Distribution magnitudes	Wage distribution	Distribution	Wage distribution	System / workforce	Interval	≥ 0 per unit	Smallest wage bin	NULL	Distribution	Payroll / labor surveys	Sampling error	Final	Administrative
Magnitude	Distribution magnitudes	Consumption distribution	Distribution	Consumption distribution	System / households	Interval	≥ 0 per unit	Smallest consumption bin	NULL	Distribution	Household expenditure surveys	Sampling error	Final	Administrative
Magnitude	Distribution magnitudes	Productivity distribution	Distribution	Productivity distribution	System / firms or workers	Interval	≥ 0 per unit	Smallest productivity bin	NULL	Distribution	Production and labor records	Measurement error	Final	Administrative
Magnitude	Distribution magnitudes	Asset ownership distribution	Distribution	Asset ownership distribution	System / population	Timepoint	≥ 0 per unit	Smallest asset-value bin	NULL	Distribution	Balance-sheet surveys	Valuation error	Final	Administrative
Magnitude	Distribution magnitudes	Regional population distribution	Distribution	Population distribution	System / regions	Timepoint	≥ 0 per region	1 individual	NULL	Distribution	Census / registry	Coverage error	Final	Administrative

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2. Structure Observables

Every item listed:

• Is directly observable
• Is system-level
• Is relational, not quantitative
• Requires no formal representation

If something:

• Quantifies amounts → Magnitude
• Evolves causally over time → Dynamics
• Restricts feasibility → Constraint
• Encodes uncertainty → Information
• Assigns desirability → Evaluation
• Encodes mathematically → Method

…it does not belong here.

SAT – Evidence – Observables – Structure – Aggregation & Dynamics (Macroeconomic Systems)

Property Category	Property	Observable	Elements	Relations	Configuration / Pattern Type	Topology	Dimensionality	Symmetry / Invariants	Hierarchy / Nesting	Role Labels	Ordering / Sequence Rule	Embedding / Representation Space	Structural Constraints	Granularity Level
Structure	System architecture	List of sectors present in the system	Sectors	Membership relations	Sector set structure	Discrete set	n-dimensional	Sector-identity invariance	None	Sector	Unordered	Economic sector space	Sector definitional admissibility	Macro
Structure	System architecture	Presence or absence of specific sectors	Sectors	Inclusion / exclusion relations	Binary presence structure	Disconnected components	n-dimensional	Presence-status invariance	None	Present, absent	Unordered	Economic sector space	Sector admissibility	Macro
Structure	System architecture	Number of firms by sector	Firms, sectors	Assignment relations	Firm–sector partition	Disjoint sector groups	n-dimensional	Assignment invariance	Nested	Firm, sector member	Unordered	Firm–sector space	One-sector membership	Macro
Structure	System architecture	Number of households by sector or class	Households, classes	Classification relations	Household partition	Disjoint class sets	n-dimensional	Class-identity invariance	Nested	Household, class member	Unordered	Household–class space	Single-class membership	Macro
Structure	System architecture	Existence of financial institutions	Institutions	Presence relations	Institutional presence structure	Discrete nodes	n-dimensional	Institution-identity invariance	None	Financial institution	Unordered	Institutional space	Institutional admissibility	Macro
Structure	System architecture	Existence of government entities	Government units	Presence relations	Institutional presence structure	Discrete nodes	n-dimensional	Entity-identity invariance	None	Government entity	Unordered	Institutional space	Entity admissibility	Macro
Structure	System architecture	Observed linkages between sectors (e.g., buying/selling relationships)	Sectors	Inter-sector linkage relations	Inter-sector network	Directed or undirected graph	n-dimensional	Link-type invariance	None	Supplier, buyer	Unordered	Sectoral network space	Admissible inter-sector links	Macro
Structure	System architecture	Central vs peripheral sectors (by observed activity concentration)	Sectors	Positional relations in network	Core–periphery structure	Core–periphery topology	n-dimensional	Positional-class invariance	None	Central, peripheral	Unordered	Sectoral network space	Core–periphery admissibility	Macro
Structure	System architecture	Sectoral dominance in output or employment	Sectors	Dominance-position relations	Hierarchical sector ordering	Ranked or layered structure	n-dimensional	Dominance-role invariance	Layered	Dominant, non-dominant	Partial order	Sectoral role space	Single dominant layer (if present)	Macro
Structure	System architecture	Entry or exit of entire sectors	Sector versions	Presence relations across versions	Versioned sector set	Layered presence topology	1D (version order)	Sector identity across versions	Nested	Entering, exiting	Fixed version order	Sector-history space	One presence state per version	Macro
Structure	System architecture	Mergers or splits at the sectoral level	Sectors	Combination / division relations	Sector recomposition structure	Merging / splitting topology	n-dimensional	Sector identity across recomposition	Nested	Merged, split sector	Unordered	Sector architecture space	One-to-many / many-to-one admissibility	Macro
Structure	State-space configuration	Observed combinations of macro variables at a time point	Macro variables	Co-occurrence relations	State vector configuration	Point in state space	n-dimensional	Coordinate relabeling invariance	None	State	Unordered	Macro state space	Admissible variable combinations	Macro
Structure	State-space configuration	States that occur vs states that never occur	Possible states	Presence / absence relations	Realized vs unrealized state partition	Disjoint subsets	n-dimensional	Presence-status invariance	None	Realized, unrealized	Unordered	State space	Feasible state admissibility	Macro
Structure	State-space configuration	Boundary states (extreme inflation, full employment, zero growth)	States	Boundary membership relations	Boundary-state structure	Boundary topology	n-dimensional	Boundary identity invariance	None	Boundary, interior	Unordered	State space	Boundary admissibility	Macro
Structure	State-space configuration	Regime classifications observed (e.g., recession vs expansion)	States, regime labels	Classification relations	Regime partition	Partitioned state space	n-dimensional	Label invariance	None	Regime state	Unordered	Regime-labeled state space	One regime per state	Macro
Structure	State-space configuration	Transitions between observed macro states	States	Adjacency relations	State adjacency graph	Directed or undirected adjacency	n-dimensional	State-label invariance	None	Pre-adjacent, post-adjacent	Unordered	Macro state space	Admissible adjacency	Macro
Structure	State-space configuration	Clustering of observed states over time	States	Similarity / proximity relations	Clustered state regions	Connected components	n-dimensional	Cluster-membership invariance	Nested	Cluster member	Unordered	State-space geometry	Cluster admissibility	Macro
Structure	State-space configuration	Gaps in observed state combinations	Possible states	Absence relations	State-space holes	Disconnected regions	n-dimensional	Gap-pattern invariance	None	Observed, missing	Unordered	State-space geometry	Non-occurrence admissibility	Macro
Structure	State-space configuration	Saturation or exhaustion states (capacity fully used)	States	Boundary membership relations	Saturation boundary structure	Boundary topology	n-dimensional	Boundary-class invariance	None	Saturated, non-saturated	Unordered	State space	Boundary admissibility	Macro
Structure	State-space configuration	Entry into previously unobserved states	States	Set-membership change relations	State-space expansion	Nested state sets	n-dimensional	State-identity invariance	Nested	New state, existing state	Unordered	State-history space	One membership status per version	Macro
Structure	State-space configuration	Exit from previously observed states	States	Set-membership removal relations	State-space contraction	Nested-set topology	n-dimensional	State-identity invariance	Nested	Exited, retained	Unordered	State-history space	One membership status per version	Macro
Structure	Propagation topology	Order in which sectors respond to a shock	Sectors	Precedence relations	Ordered response chain	Directed acyclic order	n-dimensional	Order-pattern invariance	Layered	Early, intermediate, late	Fixed partial order	Sectoral response space	Acyclic precedence	Macro
Structure	Propagation topology	Time lag between shock and sectoral response	Events, sectors	Relative ordering relations	Lag-order classification	Ordered layers	1D (order only)	Order invariance	Layered	Immediate, delayed	Fixed stage order	Event–sector space	Stage admissibility	Macro
Structure	Propagation topology	Sequence of response across regions	Regions	Precedence relations	Regional response sequence	Directed path	n-dimensional	Sequence invariance	Layered	Upstream, downstream	Fixed partial order	Regional response space	Acyclic ordering	Macro
Structure	Propagation topology	Spillovers from one sector to another	Sectors	Transmission relations	Inter-sector propagation network	Directed connectivity	n-dimensional	Link-pattern invariance	None	Source, recipient	Unordered	Sectoral network space	Admissible transmission links	Macro
Structure	Propagation topology	Cascading failures across institutions	Institutions	Failure-transmission relations	Cascade network	Directed propagation paths	n-dimensional	Pattern invariance	Layered	Trigger, affected	Unordered	Institutional network space	Acyclic path admissibility	Macro
Structure	Propagation topology	Amplification of shocks as they spread	Nodes	Expanding influence relations	Branching propagation structure	Divergent paths	n-dimensional	Branching-pattern invariance	Layered	Upstream, downstream	Unordered	Propagation network space	Path expansion admissibility	Macro
Structure	Propagation topology	Dampening of shocks as they spread	Nodes	Contracting influence relations	Attenuated propagation structure	Convergent paths	n-dimensional	Convergence-pattern invariance	Layered	Source, terminus	Unordered	Propagation network space	Path contraction admissibility	Macro
Structure	Propagation topology	Containment of shocks within a subset of the system	Nodes, subsets	Boundary-limited transmission relations	Contained subnetwork	Bounded region	n-dimensional	Boundary invariance	Nested	Contained, external	Unordered	System network space	Subset isolation	Macro
Structure	Propagation topology	System-wide vs localized responses	Nodes	Reachability relations	Global vs local propagation	Full vs partial connectivity	n-dimensional	Reachability invariance	None	Global, local	Unordered	System network space	Reachability bounds	Macro
Structure	Propagation topology	Recurrent propagation patterns across events	Events, nodes	Pattern-recurrence relations	Repeating topology classes	Isomorphic subgraphs	n-dimensional	Pattern isomorphism	None	Recurrent motif	Unordered	Propagation pattern space	Structural recurrence	Macro

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3. Dynamics Observables

Every item listed:

• Is directly observable
• Is system-level
• Is temporal
• Requires no formal representation

If something:

• Quantifies static amounts → Magnitude
• Describes arrangement → Structure
• Restricts feasibility → Constraint
• Encodes uncertainty → Information
• Assigns desirability → Evaluation
• Encodes mathematically → Method

…it does not belong here.

SAT – Evidence – Observables – Dynamics – Aggregation & Dynamics (Macroeconomic Systems)

Property Category	Property	Observable	State Variable	Time Parameter	Rate / Rule of Change	Direction of Change	Trajectory / Path	Timescale	Regime / Stability Class	Initial Condition	Terminal / Attractor State	Lag / Inertia	Perturbation Sensitivity	Reversibility
Dynamics	Transition dynamics	Change in aggregate output level between periods	Aggregate output state	Discrete periods	Period-to-period difference rule	Increasing or decreasing	Stepwise output path	Short-to-medium term	Stable or fluctuating	Initial output level	New output level	Moderate inertia	Moderate sensitivity	Reversible
Dynamics	Transition dynamics	Change in aggregate employment between periods	Aggregate employment state	Discrete periods	Period-to-period update rule	Increasing or decreasing	Employment transition path	Short-to-medium term	Stable or fluctuating	Initial employment level	New employment level	Moderate inertia	Moderate sensitivity	Reversible
Dynamics	Transition dynamics	Change in inflation rate between periods	Inflation rate state	Discrete periods	Rate-update rule	Increasing or decreasing	Inflation adjustment path	Short-term	Stable or volatile	Initial inflation rate	New inflation rate	Low inertia	High sensitivity	Reversible
Dynamics	Transition dynamics	Change in investment level between periods	Aggregate investment state	Discrete periods	Period-to-period adjustment rule	Increasing or decreasing	Investment transition path	Medium-term	Cyclical or fluctuating	Initial investment level	New investment level	High inertia	Moderate sensitivity	Partially reversible
Dynamics	Transition dynamics	Movement from expansion to recession	Macro regime state	Discrete periods	Regime-switching rule	Directional regime shift	Regime-transition path	Medium-term	Switching	Expansion state	Recession state	Moderate inertia	High sensitivity	Partially reversible
Dynamics	Transition dynamics	Movement from recession to expansion	Macro regime state	Discrete periods	Regime-switching rule	Directional regime shift	Regime-transition path	Medium-term	Switching	Recession state	Expansion state	Moderate inertia	High sensitivity	Partially reversible
Dynamics	Transition dynamics	Entry into high-inflation or low-inflation regimes	Inflation regime state	Discrete periods	Threshold-based regime entry rule	Directional	Regime-entry path	Short-to-medium term	Switching	Baseline inflation regime	High- or low-inflation regime	Low inertia	High sensitivity	Partially reversible
Dynamics	Transition dynamics	Exit from high-volatility regimes	Volatility regime state	Discrete periods	Regime-exit rule	Directional stabilization	Regime-exit path	Medium-term	Stabilizing	High-volatility regime	Lower-volatility regime	Moderate inertia	Moderate sensitivity	Partially reversible
Dynamics	Transition dynamics	Persistence of macro states across periods	Macro state persistence	Discrete periods	State-retention rule	Neutral (persistence)	Flat or slowly evolving path	Medium-to-long term	Stable	Initial macro state	Same macro state	High inertia	Low sensitivity	Reversible
Dynamics	Transition dynamics	Abrupt vs gradual state changes	Transition smoothness state	Discrete periods	Smooth vs jump transition rule	Discontinuous or continuous	Jump or smooth path	Short-term	Switching or smooth	Initial state	New state	Variable inertia	High sensitivity	Reversible
Dynamics	Adjustment speed	Time elapsed between a disturbance and observable response	Response latency state	Event-indexed time	Latency update rule	Decreasing or increasing delay	Latency trajectory	Short-term	Stable or adaptive	Pre-disturbance state	Stable response delay	Moderate inertia	Moderate sensitivity	Reversible
Dynamics	Adjustment speed	Number of periods before output responds	Output response delay state	Discrete periods	Delay-count rule	Decreasing or increasing delay	Stepwise response path	Short-to-medium term	Stable	Initial delay count	Zero or fixed delay	Moderate inertia	Moderate sensitivity	Reversible
Dynamics	Adjustment speed	Number of periods before employment responds	Employment response delay state	Discrete periods	Delay-count rule	Decreasing or increasing delay	Stepwise response path	Medium-term	Stable	Initial delay count	Zero or fixed delay	High inertia	Low sensitivity	Reversible
Dynamics	Adjustment speed	Speed of return to pre-disturbance levels	Recovery speed state	Continuous or discrete time	Convergence-rate rule	Accelerating or decelerating	Convergent recovery path	Medium-term	Convergent	Disturbed state	Pre-disturbance attractor	Moderate inertia	Moderate sensitivity	Reversible
Dynamics	Adjustment speed	Slow vs rapid recovery from downturns	Recovery regime state	Discrete periods	Regime-dependent recovery rule	Slow or fast adjustment	Regime-specific recovery path	Medium-to-long term	Stable or switching	Downturn state	Recovery regime	Variable inertia	High sensitivity	Partially reversible
Dynamics	Adjustment speed	Delayed vs immediate adjustment in prices	Price adjustment state	Discrete periods or continuous time	Threshold-based adjustment rule	Immediate or delayed change	Stepwise or jump path	Short-to-medium term	Switching	Pre-adjustment price	Stabilized price level	Variable inertia	High sensitivity	Reversible
Dynamics	Adjustment speed	Prolonged persistence of shocks	Shock persistence state	Discrete periods	Slow-decay rule	Gradual decay	Long-memory path	Long-term	Metastable	Post-shock state	Eventual baseline	Very high inertia	Low sensitivity	Partially reversible
Dynamics	Adjustment speed	Overshooting before stabilization	Adjustment deviation state	Continuous or discrete time	Damped adjustment rule	Initial overshoot then reversal	Oscillatory decay path	Short-to-medium term	Damped oscillatory	Initial deviation	Stable level	Low inertia	High sensitivity	Reversible
Dynamics	Adjustment speed	Partial adjustment followed by completion	Adjustment completion state	Discrete periods	Two-stage adjustment rule	Incremental completion	Piecewise convergent path	Medium-term	Stable	Initial deviation	Fully adjusted state	Moderate inertia	Moderate sensitivity	Reversible
Dynamics	Adjustment speed	Failure to adjust within observed horizon	Non-adjustment state	Finite observation window	No-adjustment rule	No directional change	Flat path	Observation-bound	Persistent	Initial disturbed state	Same state	Very high inertia	Very low sensitivity	Irreversible (within horizon)
Dynamics	Feedback strength	Successive increases in magnitude following an initial change	Aggregate level state	Discrete periods	Positive feedback update rule	Increasing	Accelerating upward path	Short-to-medium term	Unstable	Initial upward deviation	Divergent growth path	Low inertia	High sensitivity	Partially reversible
Dynamics	Feedback strength	Successive decreases in magnitude following an initial change	Aggregate level state	Discrete periods	Positive feedback contraction rule	Decreasing	Accelerating downward path	Short-to-medium term	Unstable	Initial downward deviation	Divergent decline path	Low inertia	High sensitivity	Partially reversible
Dynamics	Feedback strength	Oscillations in aggregate variables	Aggregate variable state	Continuous or discrete time	Feedback-driven oscillatory rule	Cyclic	Periodic trajectory	Medium-term	Oscillatory	Initial deviation	Limit cycle	Low inertia	High sensitivity	Reversible
Dynamics	Feedback strength	Self-reinforcing expansions	Expansion intensity state	Discrete periods	Reinforcing growth rule	Increasing	Exponential-like path	Medium-to-long term	Explosive	Initial expansion state	Unbounded or regime-shift state	Low inertia	High sensitivity	Irreversible
Dynamics	Feedback strength	Self-reinforcing contractions	Contraction intensity state	Discrete periods	Reinforcing decline rule	Decreasing	Collapse trajectory	Medium-to-long term	Explosive (downward)	Initial contraction state	Collapse or floor state	Low inertia	High sensitivity	Irreversible
Dynamics	Feedback strength	Dampened responses over successive periods	Aggregate deviation state	Discrete periods	Negative-feedback decay rule	Decreasing amplitude	Convergent decay path	Short-to-medium term	Stable	Initial deviation	Baseline attractor	Moderate inertia	Low sensitivity	Reversible
Dynamics	Feedback strength	Runaway growth episodes	Growth intensity state	Discrete periods	Positive-feedback escalation rule	Increasing	Explosive growth path	Medium-term	Unstable / explosive	Initial growth deviation	Unbounded or regime-shift state	Low inertia	High sensitivity	Irreversible
Dynamics	Feedback strength	Collapse episodes	System level state	Discrete periods	Reinforcing decline rule	Rapid decrease	Collapse trajectory	Short-to-medium term	Unstable	Initial contraction	Floor or absorbing state	Low inertia	High sensitivity	Irreversible
Dynamics	Feedback strength	Stabilization after repeated fluctuations	Volatility state	Discrete periods	Damping-after-oscillation rule	Decreasing variability	Convergent stabilization path	Medium-term	Stable	Fluctuating state	Stable attractor	Moderate inertia	Low sensitivity	Reversible
Dynamics	Feedback strength	Absence of amplification after disturbance	Response gain state	Discrete periods	Neutral-feedback rule	Neutral	Flat or mild-adjustment path	Short-to-medium term	Stable	Disturbed state	Baseline state	High inertia	Very low sensitivity	Reversible
Dynamics	Shock propagation	Timing of shock impact across sectors	Sectoral response state	Event-indexed time	Shock-arrival timing rule	Sequential activation	Staggered response path	Short-to-medium term	Ordered propagation	Pre-shock state	Post-shock sectoral states	Variable inertia	High sensitivity	Reversible
Dynamics	Shock propagation	Timing of shock impact across regions	Regional response state	Event-indexed time	Shock-arrival timing rule	Sequential activation	Spatially staggered path	Short-to-medium term	Ordered propagation	Pre-shock state	Post-shock regional states	Variable inertia	High sensitivity	Reversible
Dynamics	Shock propagation	Spread of disturbances from one aggregate to others	Aggregate deviation state	Discrete periods	Cross-aggregate transmission rule	Directional spread	Multi-variable propagation path	Medium-term	Propagative	Initial disturbed aggregate	Multi-aggregate deviation	Moderate inertia	High sensitivity	Partially reversible
Dynamics	Shock propagation	Sectoral spillovers following shocks	Sectoral deviation state	Discrete periods	Spillover transmission rule	Directional spread	Inter-sector propagation path	Medium-term	Propagative	Initial sector shock	Sectoral deviations	Moderate inertia	High sensitivity	Partially reversible
Dynamics	Shock propagation	Regional spillovers following shocks	Regional deviation state	Discrete periods	Spillover transmission rule	Directional spread	Inter-regional propagation path	Medium-term	Propagative	Initial regional shock	Regional deviations	Moderate inertia	High sensitivity	Partially reversible
Dynamics	Shock propagation	Cascading effects across markets	Market deviation state	Discrete periods	Cascade transmission rule	Sequential spread	Multi-market cascade path	Medium-term	Propagative / unstable	Initial market shock	Multi-market deviation	Low inertia	High sensitivity	Partially reversible
Dynamics	Shock propagation	Containment of shocks within a subset of the system	Subsystem deviation state	Discrete periods	Containment-limited transmission rule	Localized	Bounded propagation path	Medium-term	Stable	Initial localized shock	Contained deviation	Moderate inertia	Low sensitivity	Reversible
Dynamics	Shock propagation	System-wide responses to localized shocks	System deviation state	Discrete periods	Global transmission rule	Expansive	System-wide propagation path	Medium-term	Propagative	Localized shock	System-wide deviation	Low inertia	High sensitivity	Partially reversible
Dynamics	Shock propagation	Recurrent propagation patterns across events	Propagation pattern state	Event-indexed time	Pattern-recurrence rule	Repeating	Recurrent propagation paths	Long-term	Metastable	Prior event pattern	Recurrent pattern class	High inertia	Low sensitivity	Reversible
Dynamics	Shock propagation	Delayed secondary effects following initial shock	Secondary deviation state	Event-indexed time	Delayed activation rule	Directional	Two-stage propagation path	Medium-term	Conditional	Initial shock state	Secondary deviation	High inertia	Moderate sensitivity	Partially reversible

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4. Interaction Observables

Interaction Property: NONE (no inter-agent interactions)

What must be observable:
Nothing at the agent-to-agent level, because this domain does not model agent-level strategic influence.

Observables

• ∅ (empty set)

Why the Observable Set Is Empty

At the Aggregation level:

• Agents are not modeled individually
• Strategic influence between agents is not represented
• Interactions are absorbed into aggregate variables

Any observable involving:

• One agent responding to another
• Strategic dependence
• Communication
• Externalities between specific agents

belongs to Interaction (Markets, Strategy & Mechanisms), not Aggregation.

Interaction Closure Check (Aggregation)

• Interaction is absent by definition
• The correct observable list is empty
• This is not a gap, it is a domain boundary

SAT – Evidence – Observables – Interaction – Aggregation & Dynamics (Macroeconomic Systems)

Property Category	Property	Observable	Source Entity	Target Entity	Directionality	Interaction Type	Coupling Strength	Sign / Polarity	Interaction Scope	Mediation Channel	Latency / Delay	Feedback Presence	Context Dependence	Stability of Interaction
Interaction	NONE (no inter-agent interactions)	NONE (no inter-agent interactions)

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5. Constraint Observables

Every item listed:

• Is directly observable
• Is system-level
• Describes limits, not behavior
• Requires no formal representation

If something:

• Quantifies amounts → Magnitude
• Describes arrangement → Structure
• Evolves over time → Dynamics
• Encodes uncertainty → Information
• Assigns desirability → Evaluation
• Encodes mathematically → Method

…it does not belong here.

SAT – Evidence – Observables – Constraint – Aggregation & Dynamics (Macroeconomic Systems)

Property Category	Property	Observable	Constrained Entity / Variable	Constraint Type	Forbidden States	Permitted Region	Boundary Definition	Binding Status	Universality / Scope	Constraint Origin	Hardness	Tolerance / Slack	Interaction with Other Constraints	Enforcement Condition
Constraint	System constraints	Maximum production capacity reached	Aggregate production configuration	Capacity	Output beyond system capacity	Output ≤ capacity	Capacity ceiling	Binding	System-wide	Physical / Technological	Hard	None	Nested with sectoral capacity constraints	Physical impossibility
Constraint	System constraints	Capacity utilization hitting upper bounds	Utilization state	Boundary	Utilization beyond maximum	Utilization ≤ maximum	Utilization cap	Binding	System-wide	Physical / Technological	Hard	None	Nested with production constraints	Boundary detection
Constraint	System constraints	Resource exhaustion events	Resource availability state	Exhaustion	Use beyond available resources	Resource-feasible usage	Resource depletion boundary	Binding	System-wide	Physical	Hard	None	Nested with production and energy constraints	Resource depletion detection
Constraint	System constraints	Binding energy or material limits	Input usage configuration	Capacity	Input use beyond material/energy limits	Feasible input usage	Input availability ceiling	Binding	System-wide	Physical	Hard	None	Nested with production constraints	Input infeasibility
Constraint	System constraints	Saturation of infrastructure	Infrastructure usage state	Capacity	Usage beyond infrastructure limit	Usage ≤ infrastructure capacity	Infrastructure saturation threshold	Binding	System-wide	Physical / Institutional	Hard	Limited (buffer if specified)	Nested with transport/production constraints	Capacity exceedance
Constraint	System constraints	Bottlenecks constraining aggregate output	Aggregate production configuration	Capacity	Output requiring throughput beyond bottleneck	Output within bottleneck capacity	Bottleneck throughput ceiling	Binding	System-wide	Physical / Technological	Hard	None	Nested with sectoral and infrastructure constraints	Throughput infeasibility
Constraint	System constraints	Aggregate shortages	Aggregate allocation state	Availability	Allocation exceeding available supply	Supply-feasible allocation	Supply availability boundary	Binding	System-wide	Physical / Technological	Hard	None	Nested with resource and production constraints	Supply insufficiency detection
Constraint	System constraints	Aggregate rationing events	Aggregate distribution configuration	Admissibility	Unrestricted allocation under scarcity	Rationed allocation set	Rationing rule boundary	Binding	System-wide	Institutional	Hard	None	Nested with shortage constraints	Rationing activation
Constraint	System constraints	System-wide congestion	System utilization state	Capacity	Utilization beyond congestion threshold	Utilization ≤ congestion limit	Congestion threshold	Binding	System-wide	Physical / Infrastructure	Hard	Limited (buffer if specified)	Nested with infrastructure constraints	Congestion detection
Constraint	System constraints	Inability of aggregates to expand further	Aggregate growth configuration	Capacity	Expansion beyond system limits	Non-expanding feasible states	Expansion ceiling	Binding	System-wide	Physical / Technological	Hard	None	Nested with capacity and resource constraints	Expansion infeasibility
Constraint	Structural parameters	Persistent long-run growth rate	Aggregate growth trajectory	Parameter bound	Growth paths outside long-run range	Growth paths within structural range	Long-run growth corridor	Binding (long-run)	System-wide	Structural / Technological	Hard	Limited	Nested with productivity and capital constraints	Long-run deviation detection
Constraint	Structural parameters	Stable capital–output ratio over long horizons	Capital–output relationship	Invariance	Ratios outside admissible band	Ratios within structural band	Ratio stability interval	Binding (long-run)	System-wide	Structural	Hard	Limited	Nested with investment and depreciation constraints	Structural ratio violation
Constraint	Structural parameters	Stable labor share of income	Income distribution structure	Invariance	Labor shares outside stable band	Labor shares within band	Share stability interval	Binding (long-run)	System-wide	Structural / Institutional	Hard	Limited	Nested with wage and productivity constraints	Long-run share deviation
Constraint	Structural parameters	Stable sectoral composition over time	Sectoral output/employment mix	Invariance	Compositions outside admissible set	Structurally consistent compositions	Composition admissibility region	Binding (long-run)	System-wide	Structural	Hard	Limited	Nested with technology and demand constraints	Structural composition breach
Constraint	Structural parameters	Persistent productivity level differences	Cross-sector productivity ordering	Ordering constraint	Reversal of long-run productivity hierarchy	Stable relative productivity ordering	Ordering boundary	Binding (long-run)	System-wide	Structural / Technological	Hard	Limited	Nested with technology and human-capital constraints	Ordering violation
Constraint	Structural parameters	Long-run interest rate regimes	Interest-rate configuration	Regime bound	Rates outside admissible long-run regimes	Structurally admissible regimes	Regime boundary set	Binding (long-run)	System-wide	Structural / Institutional	Hard	Limited	Nested with savings, investment, and policy constraints	Long-run regime violation
Constraint	Structural parameters	Enduring demographic structure	Population composition	Invariance	Demographic states outside structural composition	Structurally consistent demographic states	Composition admissibility region	Binding (long-run)	System-wide	Structural / Biological	Hard	Limited	Nested with labor and dependency constraints	Structural composition breach
Constraint	Structural parameters	Technological capacity plateaus	Aggregate productive capacity	Capacity bound	Capacity beyond structural plateau	Capacity ≤ technological ceiling	Capacity plateau threshold	Binding (long-run)	System-wide	Structural / Technological	Hard	Limited	Nested with resource and innovation constraints	Plateau exceedance
Constraint	Structural parameters	Invariant production relationships across cycles	Input–output relationships	Invariance	Production mappings outside invariant set	Structurally invariant mappings	Relationship invariance boundary	Binding (long-run)	System-wide	Structural / Technological	Hard	Limited	Nested with technology and capital constraints	Invariance violation
Constraint	Conservation laws	Accounting identities holding exactly (e.g., inflows = outflows)	Flow accounting variables	Conservation	Any imbalance between inflows and outflows	Exact equality states	Equality condition (inflows − outflows = 0)	Always binding	System-wide	Accounting / Logical	Hard	None	Independent	Identity violation detection
Constraint	Conservation laws	Balance-sheet totals matching across sectors	Sectoral balance sheets	Conservation	Mismatched assets and liabilities	Matched balance sheets	Balance-sheet equality	Always binding	System-wide	Accounting	Hard	None	Nested with flow identities	Accounting inconsistency
Constraint	Conservation laws	Goods produced equaling goods allocated	Aggregate goods balance	Conservation	Allocation exceeding or falling short of production	Exact production–allocation equality	Goods balance identity	Always binding	System-wide	Physical / Accounting	Hard	None	Nested with production constraints	Goods imbalance detection
Constraint	Conservation laws	Aggregate financial assets equaling aggregate liabilities	Financial stock variables	Conservation	Net aggregate financial imbalance	Asset–liability equality	Financial stock identity	Always binding	System-wide	Accounting	Hard	None	Independent	Stock–flow inconsistency
Constraint	Conservation laws	Money stock conservation absent issuance/destruction	Aggregate money stock	Conservation	Changes in stock without issuance or destruction	Constant stock states	Zero-change identity	Always binding (conditional)	System-wide	Accounting / Institutional	Hard	None	Nested with issuance/destruction rules	Stock inconsistency detection
Constraint	Conservation laws	Stock–flow consistency across periods	Stock and flow variables	Conservation	Stock changes not matched by flows	Consistent stock–flow mappings	Stock–flow identity	Always binding	System-wide	Accounting	Hard	None	Nested with flow conservation	Period inconsistency detection
Constraint	Conservation laws	No net creation or loss of conserved quantities	Conserved aggregates	Conservation	Net positive or negative creation	Net-zero creation states	Net-zero balance identity	Always binding	System-wide	Physical / Accounting	Hard	None	Independent	Net imbalance detection
Constraint	Conservation laws	Aggregate discrepancies flagged as violations	Aggregate accounting records	Consistency	Unflagged discrepancies	Flagged inconsistency states	Discrepancy detection threshold	Always binding	System-wide	Accounting / Institutional	Hard	None	Nested with all conservation constraints	Violation flag trigger
Constraint	Institutional / policy constraints	Tax rates in force	Taxable transactions and incomes	Boundary	Transactions violating active tax rates	Transactions consistent with tax schedule	Tax-rate schedule boundary	Binding	System-wide (jurisdiction-specific)	Institutional / Policy	Hard	None	Nested with budget and accounting constraints	Tax-rule violation detection
Constraint	Institutional / policy constraints	Spending caps enforced	Government expenditure configuration	Capacity	Spending exceeding authorized caps	Spending ≤ cap	Spending ceiling	Binding	Government sector	Institutional / Policy	Hard	None	Nested with budget and accounting constraints	Cap exceedance detection
Constraint	Institutional / policy constraints	Regulatory limits applied	Regulated activities	Boundary	Activities exceeding regulatory limits	Regulation-compliant activities	Regulatory threshold	Binding	Sector- or system-wide	Institutional / Policy	Hard	None	Nested with technological and safety constraints	Regulatory breach detection
Constraint	Institutional / policy constraints	Interest rate targets announced	Policy-rate settings	Target bound	Rates outside target corridor	Rates within target range	Target corridor boundary	Binding (policy regime)	System-wide	Institutional / Policy	Hard	Limited (tolerance band)	Nested with monetary operations	Target deviation recognition
Constraint	Institutional / policy constraints	Monetary policy actions taken	Policy instrument configurations	Admissibility	Actions outside authorized policy set	Authorized policy actions	Instrument admissibility boundary	Conditional	System-wide	Institutional / Policy	Hard	None	Nested with legal and institutional constraints	Authorization check
Constraint	Institutional / policy constraints	Capital requirement thresholds enforced	Financial institution balance sheets	Capacity	Capital ratios below required minimum	Capital ratios ≥ threshold	Capital adequacy threshold	Binding	System-wide (regulated institutions)	Institutional / Policy	Hard	Limited (buffer bands if defined)	Nested with balance-sheet and accounting constraints	Capital shortfall detection
Constraint	Institutional / policy constraints	Trade restrictions imposed	Cross-border transactions	Prohibition	Transactions violating trade restrictions	Restriction-compliant trade	Trade restriction boundary	Binding	Jurisdiction-specific	Institutional / Policy	Hard	None	Nested with quota and licensing constraints	Restriction violation detection
Constraint	Institutional / policy constraints	Quotas enforced	Quantities traded or produced	Capacity	Activity exceeding quota	Activity ≤ quota	Quota ceiling	Binding	Sector- or product-specific	Institutional / Policy	Hard	None	Nested with trade and production constraints	Quota exceedance detection
Constraint	Institutional / policy constraints	Policy changes implemented	Policy regime applicability	Admissibility	Actions under obsolete policy rules	Actions under active policy	Policy-version boundary	Binding	System-wide (current regime)	Institutional / Policy	Hard	None	Nested with all policy constraints	Policy activation check
Constraint	Institutional / policy constraints	Policy suspensions or overrides	Policy applicability	Exception	Enforcement under suspended rules	Actions under override rules	Suspension/override boundary	Conditional	Context-specific	Institutional / Policy	Hard	Limited	Overrides policy constraints	Override activation

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6. Information Observables

Every item listed:

• Is directly observable
• Is system-level
• Concerns availability, absence, or timing of information
• Requires no formal representation

If something:

• Quantifies amounts → Magnitude
• Describes arrangement → Structure
• Evolves causally → Dynamics
• Restricts feasibility → Constraint
• Assigns desirability → Evaluation
• Encodes mathematically → Method

…it does not belong here.

SAT – Evidence – Observables – Information – Aggregation & Dynamics (Macroeconomic Systems)

Property Category	Property	Observable	Information Content	Carrier / Medium	Uncertainty	Resolution / Granularity	Signal vs Noise Distinction	Observability / Accessibility	Encoding Scheme	Update / Learning Rule	Predictive Power	Complexity Measure	Redundancy / Correlation	Definability / Expressibility
Information	Aggregate information state	Published aggregate statistics (GDP releases, employment reports)	Aggregate economic indicators	Official statistical reports	Measurement error, revisions	Coarse to medium	Official definitions vs reporting noise	Publicly observable	Tabular / numerical codes	Periodic revision protocol	Moderate	High description length	Correlated across indicators	Formally defined
Information	Aggregate information state	Revisions to published aggregate data	Updated indicator values	Revised reports / databases	Revision uncertainty	Same as original release	Revision vs initial estimate	Publicly observable	Versioned numerical encoding	Revision rule	Improves predictive power	High	Highly correlated with originals	Formally defined
Information	Aggregate information state	Data release schedules	Timing information of releases	Calendars / announcements	Low	Discrete dates	Scheduled signal vs delay noise	Publicly observable	Temporal schedule encoding	Fixed schedule updates	Indirect	Low	Redundant across outlets	Fully definable
Information	Aggregate information state	Public forecasts issued by institutions	Forecasted aggregate paths	Reports / statements	Forecast error	Medium	Model signal vs forecast noise	Publicly observable	Model-based encoding	Forecast update rule	Variable	High	Correlated across forecasters	Formally expressible
Information	Aggregate information state	Public announcements affecting macro expectations	Policy-relevant information	Press releases / speeches	Ambiguity	Coarse	Intent signal vs rhetorical noise	Publicly observable	Natural language	Contextual update	Variable	Medium	Highly correlated in time	Partially definable
Information	Aggregate information state	Measurement errors disclosed	Error bounds and revisions metadata	Methodology notes / appendices	Explicit error ranges	Coarse to medium	Error signal vs sampling noise	Publicly observable	Numerical + textual annotation	Error disclosure updates	Improves calibration	Medium	Correlated with reported series	Formally definable
Information	Aggregate information state	Breaks in data series	Structural discontinuity indicators	Statistical releases / metadata	High around break points	Series-level	Break signal vs trend noise	Publicly observable	Versioned time-series markers	Break annotation rule	Reduces continuity predictability	Medium	Correlated across related series	Formally definable
Information	Aggregate information state	Changes in data definitions	Redefined variable meanings	Methodology documents	Conceptual ambiguity during transition	Concept-level	Definition change vs measurement noise	Publicly observable	Textual / schema-based encoding	Definition revision rule	Alters model mapping	High	Correlated across datasets	Formally definable
Information	Aggregate information state	Availability or absence of key macro indicators	Indicator presence flags	Statistical portals / catalogs	Missingness uncertainty	Binary (present/absent)	Data availability vs reporting gap	Publicly observable	Indicator registry encoding	Publication availability updates	Limits prediction where absent	Low	Correlated across sources	Fully definable
Information	Aggregate information state	Lags between data collection and release	Reporting delay information	Release notes / schedules	Temporal uncertainty	Coarse (lag length categories)	Signal timing vs delay noise	Publicly observable	Temporal metadata encoding	Scheduled release updates	Degrades near-term forecasts	Low to medium	Redundant across releases	Formally definable
Information	Uncertainty about system state	Forecast dispersion across institutions	Cross-forecast variability	Forecast reports / databases	High dispersion	Institution-level	Model signal vs forecast noise	Publicly observable	Numerical forecast distributions	Cross-forecast comparison update	Reduced aggregate predictability	High	Correlated within forecast groups	Formally definable
Information	Uncertainty about system state	Conflicting macro forecasts issued	Divergent forecast statements	Institutional publications	High ambiguity	Scenario-level	Conflicting signal vs model noise	Publicly observable	Textual + numerical encoding	Conflict resolution via revision	Variable	High	Correlated across narratives	Partially definable
Information	Uncertainty about system state	Forecast revisions over time	Updated forecast paths	Revised forecast releases	Revision uncertainty	Time-path level	Revision signal vs estimation noise	Publicly observable	Versioned forecast encoding	Sequential revision rule	Improves over horizon	High	Strongly correlated over time	Formally definable
Information	Uncertainty about system state	Sudden forecast errors revealed ex post	Forecast–outcome discrepancies	Ex post evaluation reports	Surprise magnitude	Outcome-level	Error signal vs random shock	Publicly observable	Error metric encoding	Ex post correction update	Retrospective only	Medium	Correlated across models	Formally definable
Information	Uncertainty about system state	Unexpected macro outcomes	Outcome realizations outside forecast range	Statistical releases	Extreme uncertainty	Aggregate-level	Surprise signal vs noise	Publicly observable	Outcome vs forecast encoding	Belief revision trigger	Low at event time	Medium	Correlated across indicators	Partially definable
Information	Uncertainty about system state	Missed policy targets	Deviations between targets and outcomes	Policy reports / releases	Target uncertainty	Aggregate-level	Target signal vs outcome noise	Publicly observable	Numerical target–outcome encoding	Ex post revision rule	Reduced near-term predictability	Medium	Correlated across targets	Formally definable
Information	Uncertainty about system state	Public disagreement about system conditions	Divergent assessments of macro state	Public statements / reports	High ambiguity	Narrative-level	Assessment signal vs interpretive noise	Publicly observable	Textual encoding	Opinion revision via updates	Low	High	Correlated across commentators	Partially definable
Information	Uncertainty about system state	Volatility in reported indicators	Variability of reported values	Statistical releases	High measurement uncertainty	Time-series level	Signal volatility vs measurement noise	Publicly observable	Numerical time-series encoding	Smoothing / revision updates	Reduced short-term predictability	Medium	Correlated across indicators	Formally definable
Information	Uncertainty about system state	Sudden regime reclassifications	Reassignment of macro regimes	Official classifications	Classification uncertainty	Regime-level	Reclassification signal vs prior label noise	Publicly observable	Categorical encoding	Reclassification update rule	Low during transition	Low	Correlated across regimes	Formally definable
Information	Uncertainty about system state	Emergency disclosures following surprises	Urgent corrective information	Emergency statements	Extreme uncertainty	Coarse	Alert signal vs background noise	Publicly observable	Natural-language alerts	Immediate disclosure update	Temporary clarification	Low	Redundant across channels	Partially definable
Information	Information dispersion	Early access to data by some institutions	Aggregate indicators prior to public release	Pre-release briefings / restricted reports	Asymmetric uncertainty	Aggregate-level	Official signal vs access noise	Partially observable (restricted)	Numerical / tabular encoding	Public release equalizes access	Temporarily uneven	Medium	Correlated with later releases	Formally definable
Information	Information dispersion	Staggered data releases	Same indicators released at different times	Release schedules / bulletins	Temporal uncertainty	Aggregate-level	Release timing vs measurement noise	Partially observable (time-staggered)	Temporal metadata encoding	Scheduled update rule	Uneven short-term	Low	Highly redundant across waves	Formally definable
Information	Information dispersion	Embargoed information later released publicly	Previously restricted data content	Embargoed reports	Suppressed uncertainty	Aggregate-level	Embargo signal vs withheld noise	Restricted → public	Versioned disclosure encoding	Embargo lift update	Improves post-release	Medium	Fully redundant post-release	Formally definable
Information	Information dispersion	Regional data availability differences	Region-specific indicators	Regional statistical offices	Spatial uncertainty	Regional-level	Regional signal vs coverage noise	Partially observable (by region)	Geographically indexed encoding	Incremental regional updates	Uneven spatially	Medium	Correlated within regions	Formally definable
Information	Information dispersion	Sector-specific information releases	Sector-level indicators	Sectoral reports	Sectoral uncertainty	Sector-level	Sector signal vs aggregate noise	Partially observable (by sector)	Sector-indexed encoding	Sectoral update rule	Uneven across sectors	Medium	Correlated within sectors	Formally definable
Information	Information dispersion	Unequal access to high-frequency indicators	High-frequency aggregate indicators	Real-time feeds / restricted dashboards	Asymmetric uncertainty	Fine-grained (high frequency)	High-frequency signal vs micro-noise	Partially observable (restricted)	High-frequency numerical encoding	Scheduled public release	Temporarily uneven	High	Correlated with lower-frequency series	Formally definable
Information	Information dispersion	Delayed reporting by subsets of the system	Subsystem-specific indicators	Delayed reports / filings	Reporting-delay uncertainty	Subsystem-level	Delayed signal vs timing noise	Partially observable (delayed)	Time-stamped encoding	Deferred update rule	Reduced short-term	Medium	Correlated within subsystems	Formally definable
Information	Information dispersion	Information blackouts	Absence of indicator updates	Suspended reporting channels	Extreme uncertainty	None / missing	Missing-signal vs noise	Unobservable during blackout	Null / missing encoding	Resumption-based update	Severely limited	Low	Breaks correlation structure	Partially definable
Information	Information dispersion	Differential transparency across sectors	Sector-specific disclosure depth	Sectoral reports / disclosures	Uneven uncertainty	Sector-level	Disclosure signal vs opacity noise	Partially observable (sector-dependent)	Sector-indexed encoding	Sectoral disclosure updates	Uneven across sectors	Medium	Correlated within transparent sectors	Formally definable
Information	Information dispersion	Selective disclosure events	Targeted information releases	Selective briefings / releases	Selective uncertainty	Aggregate or sector-level	Disclosed signal vs withheld noise	Restricted then partial	Versioned disclosure encoding	Disclosure-triggered update	Temporarily uneven	Medium	Redundant post-disclosure	Formally definable

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7. Evaluation Observables

Every item listed:

• Is directly observable
• Is system-level
• Is evaluative, not descriptive
• Requires no formal representation

If something:

• Quantifies static amounts → Magnitude
• Describes arrangement → Structure
• Evolves causally → Dynamics
• Restricts feasibility → Constraint
• Encodes uncertainty → Information
• Encodes mathematically → Method

…it does not belong here.

SAT – Evidence – Observables – Evaluation – Aggregation & Dynamics (Macroeconomic Systems)

Property Category	Property	Observable	Evaluated Entity / State	Evaluation Criterion	Comparator / Reference	Ordering Type	Direction of Preference	Aggregation Rule	Context / Domain of Validity	Optimality Concept	Tradeoff Structure	Tolerance / Acceptability Margin	Stability of Evaluation	Justification Type
Evaluation	System performance metrics	Reported aggregate output levels relative to prior periods	Aggregate output state	Growth performance	Prior-period output	Ordering	Higher is better	None	Macroeconomic monitoring	Local improvement	Output vs stability	Acceptable fluctuation band	Context-shifting	Institutional
Evaluation	System performance metrics	Reported employment and unemployment levels	Labor market state	Employment performance	Target or prior level	Ordering	Higher employment / lower unemployment is better	None	Labor market assessment	Target-based	Employment vs inflation	Tolerance band	Context-shifting	Institutional
Evaluation	System performance metrics	Recorded inflation outcomes	Price level state	Price stability	Inflation target or baseline	Distance-minimizing	Closer to target is better	None	Monetary policy context	Target optimum	Inflation vs output	Target corridor	Fixed	Institutional
Evaluation	System performance metrics	Recorded growth slowdowns or accelerations	Growth trajectory	Growth stability	Prior trend or benchmark	Ordering	Stable acceleration preferred	None	Business-cycle analysis	Trend consistency	Growth vs volatility	Deviation band	Context-shifting	Functional
Evaluation	System performance metrics	Fiscal surplus or deficit outcomes	Government budget state	Fiscal balance	Zero balance or rule target	Ordering	Surplus or controlled deficit preferred	None	Fiscal policy context	Satisficing	Balance vs stabilization	Acceptable deficit range	Context-shifting	Institutional
Evaluation	System performance metrics	Trade surplus or deficit outcomes	External balance state	External balance performance	Zero balance or policy benchmark	Ordering	Surplus or controlled deficit preferred	None	External sector assessment	Satisficing	Balance vs domestic demand	Acceptable imbalance band	Context-shifting	Institutional
Evaluation	System performance metrics	Productivity levels reported	Aggregate productivity state	Efficiency performance	Prior period or benchmark	Ordering	Higher is better	None	Growth and competitiveness analysis	Local improvement	Productivity vs employment	Acceptable variance band	Context-shifting	Functional
Evaluation	System performance metrics	Income or wealth levels reported	Distributional aggregate state	Prosperity performance	Historical or peer benchmark	Ordering	Higher is better	None	Socioeconomic assessment	Local improvement	Growth vs inequality	Acceptable dispersion range	Context-shifting	Institutional
Evaluation	System performance metrics	Public scorecards or dashboards used by institutions	Composite performance configuration	Multi-criteria performance	Dashboard benchmarks	Ranking	Higher score preferred	Weighted combination	Institutional reporting context	Composite optimum	Metric tradeoffs	Threshold-based	Fixed (per dashboard)	Institutional
Evaluation	System performance metrics	Official performance assessments released	System evaluation reports	Overall system performance	Policy objectives or mandates	Ranking or binary acceptable/unacceptable	Meeting targets preferred	Threshold-based	Policy oversight context	Satisficing	Performance vs constraints	Acceptable deviation margin	Context-shifting	Institutional
Evaluation	Stability / resilience	Recovery time following recessions	Post-recession system state	Resilience speed	Historical recoveries or benchmark	Ordering	Shorter is better	None	Business-cycle evaluation	Local optimum	Speed vs policy cost	Acceptable recovery window	Context-shifting	Functional
Evaluation	Stability / resilience	Duration of downturns	Downturn episode state	Stability duration	Historical average or target	Ordering	Shorter is better	None	Macroeconomic stability assessment	Satisficing	Duration vs intervention intensity	Acceptable duration band	Context-shifting	Institutional
Evaluation	Stability / resilience	Frequency of crises	Crisis occurrence pattern	System robustness	Historical frequency or peer systems	Ordering	Lower is better	None	Long-run stability analysis	Global robustness	Prevention vs growth	Acceptable frequency threshold	Fixed	Functional
Evaluation	Stability / resilience	Depth of contractions	Contraction severity state	Shock absorption	Historical or model benchmark	Ordering	Shallower is better	None	Recession severity assessment	Local improvement	Depth vs speed of recovery	Acceptable contraction band	Context-shifting	Functional
Evaluation	Stability / resilience	Speed of recovery after shocks	Post-shock trajectory	Resilience speed	Pre-shock baseline or target	Ordering	Faster is better	None	Shock-response evaluation	Local optimum	Speed vs volatility	Acceptable response window	Context-shifting	Functional
Evaluation	Stability / resilience	Recurrent vs isolated crises	Crisis pattern over time	Robustness	Historical baseline or peer systems	Ordering	Isolated preferred over recurrent	None	Long-run stability assessment	Global robustness	Stability vs growth	Acceptable recurrence threshold	Fixed	Functional
Evaluation	Stability / resilience	Persistence of instability	Volatile system state	Stability endurance	Target or historical norm	Ordering	Less persistent instability preferred	None	Macroeconomic stability review	Satisficing	Stability vs flexibility	Acceptable persistence window	Context-shifting	Institutional
Evaluation	Stability / resilience	Return to pre-shock levels	Post-shock system level	Recoverability	Pre-shock baseline	Distance-minimizing	Closer return preferred	None	Shock recovery evaluation	Baseline restoration	Recovery vs adaptation	Acceptable deviation band	Context-shifting	Functional
Evaluation	Stability / resilience	Failure to recover within observed horizon	Post-shock system state	Resilience failure	Recovery benchmark or horizon	Binary acceptable/unacceptable	Recovery required	Threshold-based	Policy oversight context	Satisficing	Intervention vs tolerance	Maximum non-recovery horizon	Fixed	Institutional
Evaluation	Stability / resilience	Structural breaks following shocks	System structure state	Continuity	Pre-shock structural configuration	Binary / ordering	Fewer breaks preferred	None	Structural stability assessment	Continuity preservation	Adaptation vs stability	Acceptable structural change range	Context-shifting	Functional
Evaluation	Long-run desirability	Policy choices favoring one long-run path over another	Long-run system trajectory	Long-run desirability	Alternative feasible trajectories	Ordering	Preferred trajectory favored	None	Strategic policy planning	Global optimum	Growth vs stability	Acceptable deviation corridor	Fixed	Institutional
Evaluation	Long-run desirability	Adoption of long-term plans or targets	Planned long-run configuration	Goal attainment	Stated targets or plans	Ordering	Closer to target is better	None	Long-horizon governance	Target satisfaction	Commitment vs flexibility	Acceptable target band	Fixed	Institutional
Evaluation	Long-run desirability	Rejection of trajectories deemed unacceptable	Disfavored long-run paths	Acceptability	Normative exclusion set	Binary acceptable / unacceptable	Acceptable required	Threshold-based	Policy screening context	Satisficing	Exclusion vs optionality	Zero tolerance for exclusion	Fixed	Normative / Institutional
Evaluation	Long-run desirability	Preference for sustained growth over volatility	Growth–volatility profile	Stability-adjusted growth	Volatile growth alternatives	Ordering	Sustained growth preferred	None	Long-run performance evaluation	Balanced optimum	Growth vs volatility	Acceptable volatility band	Context-shifting	Functional
Evaluation	Long-run desirability	Preference for low inflation over high inflation regimes	Inflation regime state	Price stability	High-inflation regimes	Ordering	Lower inflation preferred	None	Monetary policy evaluation	Regime preference	Inflation vs output	Target corridor	Fixed	Institutional
Evaluation	Long-run desirability	Preference for full employment regimes	Employment regime state	Employment maximization	Partial or high-unemployment regimes	Ordering	Higher employment preferred	None	Long-run labor-market policy	Regime preference	Employment vs inflation	Acceptable unemployment band	Fixed	Institutional
Evaluation	Long-run desirability	Institutional commitments to long-run objectives	Institutional policy stance	Commitment strength	Non-commitment or short-run focus	Ordering	Stronger commitment preferred	None	Governance and policy design	Commitment optimality	Commitment vs flexibility	Acceptable deviation margin	Fixed	Institutional
Evaluation	Long-run desirability	Public or official declarations of desired system states	Declared target system states	Normative alignment	Alternative undeclared states	Ordering	Declared states preferred	None	Public policy communication	Target endorsement	Transparency vs adaptability	Acceptable ambiguity band	Context-shifting	Institutional
Evaluation	Long-run desirability	Abandonment of long-run paths deemed undesirable	Rejected trajectory set	Normative exclusion	Previously considered trajectories	Binary acceptable / unacceptable	Unacceptable paths rejected	Threshold-based	Strategic policy revision	Satisficing	Optionality vs norm enforcement	Zero tolerance for exclusion	Fixed	Normative / Institutional
Evaluation	Long-run desirability	Constitutional or charter-level goals stated	Foundational system objectives	Foundational alignment	Non-constitutional objectives	Ordering	Constitutional goals prioritized	None	Foundational governance context	Lexicographic priority	Rigidity vs adaptability	Minimal tolerance	Very stable	Legal / Institutional

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