Ifrad al-maqal fi amr al-azlal
{"WorkMasterId":4790,"WpPageId":242059,"ParentWpPageId":193939,"Slug":"ifrad-al-maqal-fi-amr-al-azlal","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/al-biruni/ifrad-al-maqal-fi-amr-al-azlal/","RelativeUrl":"theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/al-biruni/ifrad-al-maqal-fi-amr-al-azlal/","HasFullText":false,"RawHtmlLength":68564,"CleanHtmlLength":15310,"Kicker":"Philosophy Work","Title":"Ifrad al-maqal fi amr al-azlal","Deck":"Explains shadows as measurable natural phenomena tied to astronomy, instruments, and mathematical proof.","BackLink":{"Text":"Back to Abu Rayhan al-Biruni","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/al-biruni/"},"AuthorCard":{"Label":"Author","Title":"Abu Rayhan al-Biruni","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/al-biruni/","MediaHref":"","ImageSrc":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/al-biruni-01-an-imaginary-rendition-of-al-biruni-on-a-1973-soviet-postage-stamp.jpg","ImageAlt":"Abu Rayhan al-Biruni on a 1973 Soviet Stamp","FilterTerra":"India and Central Asia","ClickText":"Abu Rayhan al-Biruni","ClickHref":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/al-biruni/","Copies":["973 CE – 1048 CE","Kath (Khwarezm)","Khwarezmian Persian polymath whose mathematical astronomy, geodesy, chronology, comparative study of India, mineralogy, pharmacology, and scientific method shaped medieval Islamic and cross-cultural philosophy of science."]},"ContextCards":[{"Label":"Period","Key":"Period:2","Title":"Medieval History","DateText":"500 CE – 1499 CE","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/eras-of-thought/philosophers-of-medieval-history/"},{"Label":"Era","Key":"Era:4","Title":"Early Medieval","DateText":"500 CE – 999 CE","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/eras-of-thought/philosophers-of-medieval-history/philosophers-of-early-medieval/"},{"Label":"Composition","Title":"1021 CE","Url":"","DateText":""}],"DateNote":"Approximate eleventh-century composition placement; the SQL year is a working scholarly marker, not a documented publication date.","GeoCards":[{"Label":"Region","Key":"Region:2"},{"Label":"Terra Avita","Key":"TerraAvita:9"},{"Label":"Terra Avita Region","Key":"TerraAvitaRegion:40"},{"Label":"Modern Country","Key":"Country:UZB:9"}],"OriginalTitle":"Kitab fi ifrad al-maqal fi amr al-azlal","Language":"Arabic; Persian","DisciplineCards":[{"Label":"Primary Discipline","Key":"Discipline:philosophy-of-science"},{"Label":"Secondary Discipline","Key":"Discipline:epistemology"}],"Tradition":"Islamic philosophy of science; mathematical astronomy; comparative religion; Persian and Arabic scientific prose","FullText":null,"CoreThesis":["Explains shadows as measurable natural phenomena tied to astronomy, instruments, and mathematical proof."],"Classification":{"AlternateTitles":"On Shadows","KeyConcepts":"shadows, gnomonics, measurement, astronomy","Methodology":"Mathematical demonstration, observation, philology, source criticism, comparison, measurement, and scientific classification.","Structure":"Arabic or Persian treatise transmitted in the al-Biruni corpus."},"Arguments":["al-Biruni combines mathematical analysis, observational evidence, philological care, and comparative method to clarify the subject matter."],"Influence":{"InfluencedBy":"Greek mathematical astronomy, Ptolemy, Indian astronomy and philosophy, Islamic scientific traditions, al-Razi bibliography, and Khwarezmian scholarly culture.","InfluenceOn":""},"Significance":["Included from the extant RG-numbered al-Biruni corpus recorded by Encyclopaedia Iranica and Boilot/Pingree bibliography evidence.","Important for al-Biruni\u0027s role in the history of science, comparative religion, mathematical geography, chronology, and cross-cultural inquiry."],"EvidenceNote":["Accepted from the Iranica extant-work list and cross-checked against major biographical/source records where available."],"MainSections":[{"Kind":"TextSection","Title":"Core Thesis","Paragraphs":["Explains shadows as measurable natural phenomena tied to astronomy, instruments, and mathematical proof."]},{"Kind":"FieldSection","Title":"Classification","Fields":[{"Label":"Alternate Titles","Value":"On Shadows"},{"Label":"Key Concepts","Value":"shadows, gnomonics, measurement, astronomy"},{"Label":"Methodology","Value":"Mathematical demonstration, observation, philology, source criticism, comparison, measurement, and scientific classification."},{"Label":"Structure","Value":"Arabic or Persian treatise transmitted in the al-Biruni corpus."}]},{"Kind":"TextSection","Title":"Arguments","Paragraphs":["al-Biruni combines mathematical analysis, observational evidence, philological care, and comparative method to clarify the subject matter."]},{"Kind":"FieldSection","Title":"Influence","Fields":[{"Label":"Influenced By","Value":"Greek mathematical astronomy, Ptolemy, Indian astronomy and philosophy, Islamic scientific traditions, al-Razi bibliography, and Khwarezmian scholarly culture."},{"Label":"Influence On","Value":"Islamic astronomy, mathematical geography, Indology, comparative religion, chronology, history of science, and later scholarship on measurement and cultures."}]},{"Kind":"TextSection","Title":"Significance","Paragraphs":["Included from the extant RG-numbered al-Biruni corpus recorded by Encyclopaedia Iranica and Boilot/Pingree bibliography evidence.","Important for al-Biruni\u0027s role in the history of science, comparative religion, mathematical geography, chronology, and cross-cultural inquiry."]},{"Kind":"TextSection","Title":"Evidence Note","Paragraphs":["Accepted from the Iranica extant-work list and cross-checked against major biographical/source records where available."]}],"SectionSequence":["Back Link","Work Title","Deck","Author","Period","Era","Composition","Date Note","Region","Terra Avita","Terra Avita Region","Modern Country","Original Title","Language","Primary Discipline","Secondary Discipline","Tradition","Core Thesis","Classification","Arguments","Influence","Significance","Evidence Note"],"Counts":{"ContextCards":3,"GeoCards":4,"DisciplineCards":2,"Links":11,"Sections":23,"Styles":2,"Scripts":1}}