Kitab al-jamahir fi marifat al-jawahir
{"WorkMasterId":4808,"WpPageId":242077,"ParentWpPageId":193939,"Slug":"kitab-al-jamahir-fi-marifat-al-jawahir","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/al-biruni/kitab-al-jamahir-fi-marifat-al-jawahir/","RelativeUrl":"theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/al-biruni/kitab-al-jamahir-fi-marifat-al-jawahir/","HasFullText":false,"RawHtmlLength":68577,"CleanHtmlLength":15323,"Kicker":"Philosophy Work","Title":"Kitab al-jamahir fi marifat al-jawahir","Deck":"Classifies minerals and gems through description, measurement, language, and reported properties.","BackLink":{"Text":"Back to Abu Rayhan al-Biruni","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/al-biruni/"},"AuthorCard":{"Label":"Author","Title":"Abu Rayhan al-Biruni","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/al-biruni/","MediaHref":"","ImageSrc":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/al-biruni-01-an-imaginary-rendition-of-al-biruni-on-a-1973-soviet-postage-stamp.jpg","ImageAlt":"Abu Rayhan al-Biruni on a 1973 Soviet Stamp","FilterTerra":"India and Central Asia","ClickText":"Abu Rayhan al-Biruni","ClickHref":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/al-biruni/","Copies":["973 CE – 1048 CE","Kath (Khwarezm)","Khwarezmian Persian polymath whose mathematical astronomy, geodesy, chronology, comparative study of India, mineralogy, pharmacology, and scientific method shaped medieval Islamic and cross-cultural philosophy of science."]},"ContextCards":[{"Label":"Period","Key":"Period:2","Title":"Medieval History","DateText":"500 CE – 1499 CE","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/eras-of-thought/philosophers-of-medieval-history/"},{"Label":"Era","Key":"Era:4","Title":"Early Medieval","DateText":"500 CE – 999 CE","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/eras-of-thought/philosophers-of-medieval-history/philosophers-of-early-medieval/"},{"Label":"Composition","Title":"1035 CE","Url":"","DateText":""}],"DateNote":"Approximate eleventh-century composition placement; the SQL year is a working scholarly marker, not a documented publication date.","GeoCards":[{"Label":"Region","Key":"Region:2"},{"Label":"Terra Avita","Key":"TerraAvita:9"},{"Label":"Terra Avita Region","Key":"TerraAvitaRegion:40"},{"Label":"Modern Country","Key":"Country:UZB:9"}],"OriginalTitle":"Kitab al-jamahir fi marifat al-jawahir","Language":"Arabic; Persian","DisciplineCards":[{"Label":"Primary Discipline","Key":"Discipline:philosophy-of-science"},{"Label":"Secondary Discipline","Key":"Discipline:epistemology"}],"Tradition":"Islamic philosophy of science; mathematical astronomy; comparative religion; Persian and Arabic scientific prose","FullText":null,"CoreThesis":["Classifies minerals and gems through description, measurement, language, and reported properties."],"Classification":{"AlternateTitles":"Book of Precious Stones; Gems","KeyConcepts":"gems, minerals, classification, measurement","Methodology":"Mathematical demonstration, observation, philology, source criticism, comparison, measurement, and scientific classification.","Structure":"Arabic or Persian treatise transmitted in the al-Biruni corpus."},"Arguments":["al-Biruni combines mathematical analysis, observational evidence, philological care, and comparative method to clarify the subject matter."],"Influence":{"InfluencedBy":"Greek mathematical astronomy, Ptolemy, Indian astronomy and philosophy, Islamic scientific traditions, al-Razi bibliography, and Khwarezmian scholarly culture.","InfluenceOn":""},"Significance":["Included from the extant RG-numbered al-Biruni corpus recorded by Encyclopaedia Iranica and Boilot/Pingree bibliography evidence.","Important for al-Biruni\u0027s role in the history of science, comparative religion, mathematical geography, chronology, and cross-cultural inquiry."],"EvidenceNote":["Accepted from the Iranica extant-work list and cross-checked against major biographical/source records where available."],"MainSections":[{"Kind":"TextSection","Title":"Core Thesis","Paragraphs":["Classifies minerals and gems through description, measurement, language, and reported properties."]},{"Kind":"FieldSection","Title":"Classification","Fields":[{"Label":"Alternate Titles","Value":"Book of Precious Stones; 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