Christian Wolff
{"TemplateVersion":1,"WpPageId":193804,"ParentWpPageId":159379,"Slug":"christian-wolff","Title":"Christian Wolff","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/christian-wolff/","Kicker":"Philosopher Profile","DisplayTitle":"Christian Wolff","Deck":"German Enlightenment rationalist whose systematic textbooks in logic, ontology, psychology, natural theology, ethics, natural law, aesthetics, and philosophy of science made Wolffian method the main bridge between Leibniz and Kant.","BackLink":{"Text":"Back to Philosophers","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/"},"ContextCards":[{"Label":"Period","Title":"Early Modern History","DateText":"1500 CE – 1799 CE","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/eras-of-thought/philosophers-of-early-modern-history/"},{"Label":"Era","Title":"Enlightenment and Proto-Industrial","DateText":"1700 CE – 1799 CE","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/eras-of-thought/philosophers-of-early-modern-history/philosophers-of-the-enlightenment-and-proto-industrial/"},{"Label":"Born","Title":"1679 CE","DateText":"","Url":""},{"Label":"Died","Title":"1754 CE","DateText":"","Url":""}],"GeoCards":[{"Label":"Region","Key":"Region:1"},{"Label":"Terra Avita","Key":"TerraAvita:1"},{"Label":"Terra Avita Region","Key":"TerraAvitaRegion:4"},{"Label":"Modern Country","Key":"Country:POL:1"}],"School":{"Label":"School","Title":"Wolffianism","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/schools/wolffianism/","Deck":"Early German Enlightenment rationalist school centered on Christian Wolff's systematic method, demonstrative metaphysics, ontology, rational psychology, cosmology, natural theology, practical philosophy, and university pedagogy before Kant.","Ring":"#8A5A2E","TerraRing":"#8A5A2E"},"Birthplace":{"Title":"Breslau, Silesia (now Wrocław, Poland)"},"Images":[{"ImageMasterId":1537,"ImageOrdinal":1,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/christian-wolff-01-wellcome-line-engraving.jpg","Alt":"Line engraving portrait of Christian Wolff","Caption":"Line engraving portrait of Christian Wolff","Description":"A line engraving shows Christian Wolff in an oval frame with wig, formal coat, and Latin identifying text. It belongs because it gives the gallery a clear face-centered portrait of the Enlightenment philosopher himself.","WpMediaId":259959,"SourcePageUrl":"https://wellcomecollection.org/works/d7rcgjjg","SourceImageUrl":"https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/V0006354/full/800%2C/0/default.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Christian-Wolff\\christian-wolff-01-wellcome-line-engraving.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":1538,"ImageOrdinal":2,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/christian-wolff-02-ddb-rosbach-portrait.jpg","Alt":"Rosbach portrait of Christian Wolff","Caption":"Rosbach portrait of Christian Wolff","Description":"An eighteenth-century copper engraving by Johann Friedrich Rosbach presents Wolff in scholar dress within a titled oval. It belongs because the named sitter is Christian von Wolff, shown in the learned portrait tradition around his lifetime.","WpMediaId":259960,"SourcePageUrl":"https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/TXXZDKAB4SULKMG4NQHMSJJ6WGBAP7RS","SourceImageUrl":"https://iiif.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/image/2/e90d4baa-4a7a-4b90-b753-bc763dbaae0d/full/full/0/default.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Christian-Wolff\\christian-wolff-02-ddb-rosbach-portrait.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":1539,"ImageOrdinal":3,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/christian-wolff-03-ddb-eighteenth-century-portrait.jpg","Alt":"Eighteenth-century portrait of Christian Wolff","Caption":"Eighteenth-century portrait of Christian Wolff","Description":"A separate printed portrait shows Wolff with curled wig, dark coat, and a compact inscription beneath the bust. It belongs because it is a distinct early modern likeness from the Digitaler Portraitindex network.","WpMediaId":259961,"SourcePageUrl":"https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/3NHCM4NGTA7KF4JRNRBBX6CZXM5AOGKA","SourceImageUrl":"https://iiif.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/image/2/b0401383-4de1-4931-bd6c-69879f1ba772/full/full/0/default.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Christian-Wolff\\christian-wolff-03-ddb-eighteenth-century-portrait.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":1540,"ImageOrdinal":4,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/christian-wolff-04-ddb-early-portrait.jpg","Alt":"Early portrait print of Christian Wolff","Caption":"Early portrait print of Christian Wolff","Description":"A rectangular portrait print places Wolff in formal dress with a surrounding engraved frame and title. It belongs because it represents Wolff during the period when his German and Latin philosophical textbooks circulated widely.","WpMediaId":259962,"SourcePageUrl":"https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/I3VLU5NPRVTAC6YAA2PYWRSZF5EJ4RL5","SourceImageUrl":"https://iiif.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/image/2/9bc93eec-f5ab-45c2-9e12-4e03810e53a2/full/full/0/default.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Christian-Wolff\\christian-wolff-04-ddb-early-portrait.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":1541,"ImageOrdinal":5,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/christian-wolff-05-ddb-1730-portrait.jpg","Alt":"1730 portrait print of Christian Wolff","Caption":"1730 portrait print of Christian Wolff","Description":"A 1730 portrait print shows Wolff in a large wig and formal academic clothing with a framed caption. It belongs because it falls in the same decade as the Latin Ontology, Cosmology, and psychology works.","WpMediaId":259963,"SourcePageUrl":"https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/H5UGKIENJZJUCLCB73ZWD4THGJ7ZOIO2","SourceImageUrl":"https://iiif.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/image/2/b0473659-9d62-41d4-997f-15a2be2e4866/full/full/0/default.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Christian-Wolff\\christian-wolff-05-ddb-1730-portrait.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":1542,"ImageOrdinal":6,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/christian-wolff-06-ddb-1740-portrait.jpg","Alt":"1740 portrait print of Christian Wolff","Caption":"1740 portrait print of Christian Wolff","Description":"A later portrait print identifies Christian von Wolff with an oval bust, decorative surround, and period inscription. It belongs because 1740 is the year of his return to Halle under Frederick II.","WpMediaId":259964,"SourcePageUrl":"https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/WVNGPKKQ7R7YGZ2BGYBGKLN4YHOFMTKZ","SourceImageUrl":"https://iiif.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/image/2/8c63c47c-c074-4a81-bff4-38d910f1ce13/full/full/0/default.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Christian-Wolff\\christian-wolff-06-ddb-1740-portrait.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":1543,"ImageOrdinal":7,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/christian-wolff-07-ddb-christianus-wolffius.jpg","Alt":"Portrait of Christianus L. B. de Wolff","Caption":"Portrait of Christianus L. B. de Wolff","Description":"A Latin-labeled portrait names Wolff as Christianus L. B. de Wolff and shows him as a learned public figure. It belongs because the Latinized name matches the way his works and reputation circulated across European scholarship.","WpMediaId":259965,"SourcePageUrl":"https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/UKNJ2QYWP26DJ47ZC7VASOGSRNDXEDSC","SourceImageUrl":"https://iiif.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/image/2/db15fd3a-2f55-42ce-b38a-918e915ad37a/full/full/0/default.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Christian-Wolff\\christian-wolff-07-ddb-christianus-wolffius.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":1544,"ImageOrdinal":8,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/christian-wolff-08-ddb-1731-portrait.jpg","Alt":"1731 portrait of Christian von Wolff","Caption":"1731 portrait of Christian von Wolff","Description":"A 1731 engraved bust presents Wolff in an oval frame with a more mature face and formal inscription. It belongs because it is contemporary with the Latin Cosmology and the mature Marburg phase of his system.","WpMediaId":259966,"SourcePageUrl":"https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/7JNOO5PM5O5BCVEXZGHWPYGXMY564PWB","SourceImageUrl":"https://iiif.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/image/2/7443118c-1213-4876-b674-157150f2b022/full/full/0/default.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Christian-Wolff\\christian-wolff-08-ddb-1731-portrait.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":1545,"ImageOrdinal":9,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/christian-wolff-09-ddb-1735-portrait.jpg","Alt":"1735 portrait of Christian Wolff","Caption":"1735 portrait of Christian Wolff","Description":"A 1735 print gives another bust-length likeness of Wolff with engraved lettering and formal dress. It belongs because it broadens the portrait sequence around the years of Psychologia rationalis and Theologia naturalis.","WpMediaId":259967,"SourcePageUrl":"https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/76U7DJSMLU7VB7244VB3NJKWDR4LM2FE","SourceImageUrl":"https://iiif.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/image/2/88b2862d-7a63-4000-8c18-28d404d219c4/full/full/0/default.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Christian-Wolff\\christian-wolff-09-ddb-1735-portrait.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":1546,"ImageOrdinal":10,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/christian-wolff-10-christian-wolff-haus-exterior.jpg","Alt":"Christian-Wolff-Haus exterior in Halle","Caption":"Christian-Wolff-Haus exterior in Halle","Description":"The yellow Renaissance-fronted Christian-Wolff-Haus stands on the Halle street where Wolff lived after his return. It belongs because the house was his home from 1741 until his death in 1754 and is now the Stadtmuseum Halle.","WpMediaId":259968,"SourcePageUrl":"https://stadtmuseumhalle.de/standorte/christian-wolff-haus","SourceImageUrl":"https://stadtmuseumhalle.de/sites/default/files/styles/is_fp_gallery_zoom/public/m_fp_gallery/2021-01/aussenansicht-smh-thomas-ziegler.jpg?itok=Zs7Jfo1G","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Christian-Wolff\\christian-wolff-10-christian-wolff-haus-exterior.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":1547,"ImageOrdinal":11,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/christian-wolff-11-wolff-haus-auditorium-antechamber.jpg","Alt":"Auditorium antechamber in the Christian-Wolff-Haus","Caption":"Auditorium antechamber in the Christian-Wolff-Haus","Description":"A restored interior antechamber leads toward the lecture spaces of the Christian-Wolff-Haus. It belongs because the building preserves the domestic and teaching environment of Wolff late Halle life.","WpMediaId":259969,"SourcePageUrl":"https://stadtmuseumhalle.de/standorte/christian-wolff-haus","SourceImageUrl":"https://stadtmuseumhalle.de/sites/default/files/styles/is_fp_gallery_zoom/public/m_fp_gallery/2021-01/voraum-auditorium-thomas-ziegler.jpg?itok=rHZTmz9m","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Christian-Wolff\\christian-wolff-11-wolff-haus-auditorium-antechamber.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":1548,"ImageOrdinal":12,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/christian-wolff-12-wolff-haus-reception-room.jpg","Alt":"Reception room in the Christian-Wolff-Haus","Caption":"Reception room in the Christian-Wolff-Haus","Description":"A decorated reception room shows the painted walls, windows, and furnished interior of Wolff Halle residence. It belongs because visitors encounter Wolff as a professor and public intellectual through this preserved house.","WpMediaId":259970,"SourcePageUrl":"https://stadtmuseumhalle.de/standorte/christian-wolff-haus","SourceImageUrl":"https://stadtmuseumhalle.de/sites/default/files/styles/is_fp_gallery_zoom/public/m_fp_gallery/2021-01/empfangsraum_fw.jpg?itok=YEag4VdY","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Christian-Wolff\\christian-wolff-12-wolff-haus-reception-room.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":1549,"ImageOrdinal":13,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/christian-wolff-13-wolff-haus-stair-detail.jpg","Alt":"Green and gold stair detail in the Christian-Wolff-Haus","Caption":"Green and gold stair detail in the Christian-Wolff-Haus","Description":"A close view shows the green and gold pomegranate stair ornament inside the Christian-Wolff-Haus. It belongs because the museum identifies this preserved decorative detail as part of the house Wolff would have known.","WpMediaId":259971,"SourcePageUrl":"https://stadtmuseumhalle.de/standorte/christian-wolff-haus","SourceImageUrl":"https://stadtmuseumhalle.de/sites/default/files/styles/is_fp_gallery_zoom/public/m_fp_gallery/2021-01/granatapfel_ea.jpg?itok=sJB5eUlI","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Christian-Wolff\\christian-wolff-13-wolff-haus-stair-detail.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":1550,"ImageOrdinal":14,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/christian-wolff-14-wolff-haus-auditorium.jpg","Alt":"Private auditorium in the Christian-Wolff-Haus","Caption":"Private auditorium in the Christian-Wolff-Haus","Description":"A small auditorium room appears under the roof with timber, benches, and display fixtures. It belongs because the Christian-Wolff-Haus preserved lecture setting connects Wolff philosophical teaching to a real Halle room.","WpMediaId":259972,"SourcePageUrl":"https://stadtmuseumhalle.de/standorte/christian-wolff-haus","SourceImageUrl":"https://stadtmuseumhalle.de/sites/default/files/styles/is_fp_gallery_zoom/public/m_fp_gallery/2021-01/auditiorium-thomas-ziegler.jpg?itok=2GvWJk9z","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Christian-Wolff\\christian-wolff-14-wolff-haus-auditorium.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":1551,"ImageOrdinal":15,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/christian-wolff-15-philosophia-rationalis-title-page.jpg","Alt":"Title page of Philosophia rationalis sive Logica","Caption":"Title page of Philosophia rationalis sive Logica","Description":"A scanned title page names Wolff Philosophia rationalis sive Logica and the preliminary discourse on philosophy in general. It belongs because this 1728 Latin Logic is one of his central systematic works.","WpMediaId":259973,"SourcePageUrl":"https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_gb1TJuEWXsEC","SourceImageUrl":"https://archive.org/download/bub_gb_gb1TJuEWXsEC/page/n0_w1000.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Christian-Wolff\\christian-wolff-15-philosophia-rationalis-title-page.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":1552,"ImageOrdinal":16,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/christian-wolff-16-ontologia-title-page.jpg","Alt":"Title page of Philosophia prima sive Ontologia","Caption":"Title page of Philosophia prima sive Ontologia","Description":"A title page for Philosophia prima sive Ontologia presents Wolff first philosophy in Latin scientific method. It belongs because the 1730 Ontology helped fix ontology as a technical philosophical discipline.","WpMediaId":259974,"SourcePageUrl":"https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_59cLx1grNGAC","SourceImageUrl":"https://archive.org/download/bub_gb_59cLx1grNGAC/page/n0_w1000.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Christian-Wolff\\christian-wolff-16-ontologia-title-page.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":1553,"ImageOrdinal":17,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/christian-wolff-17-cosmologia-generalis-title-page.jpg","Alt":"Title page of Cosmologia generalis","Caption":"Title page of Cosmologia generalis","Description":"A scanned title page identifies Cosmologia generalis and its methodical route to knowledge of God and nature. It belongs because the 1731 work forms one branch of Wolff special metaphysics.","WpMediaId":259978,"SourcePageUrl":"https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_BKrG2okjm88C","SourceImageUrl":"https://archive.org/download/bub_gb_BKrG2okjm88C/page/n0_w1000.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Christian-Wolff\\christian-wolff-17-cosmologia-generalis-title-page.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":1554,"ImageOrdinal":18,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/christian-wolff-18-psychologia-empirica-title-page.jpg","Alt":"Title page of Psychologia empirica","Caption":"Title page of Psychologia empirica","Description":"A scanned title page for Psychologia empirica names Wolff empirical psychology and its appeal to experience about the human soul. It belongs because this 1732 work made empirical psychology a major part of his system.","WpMediaId":259986,"SourcePageUrl":"https://archive.org/details/psychologiaempi00vongoog","SourceImageUrl":"https://archive.org/download/psychologiaempi00vongoog/page/n0_w1000.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Christian-Wolff\\christian-wolff-18-psychologia-empirica-title-page.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":1555,"ImageOrdinal":19,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/christian-wolff-19-psychologia-rationalis-title-page.jpg","Alt":"Title page of Psychologia rationalis","Caption":"Title page of Psychologia rationalis","Description":"A title page for Psychologia rationalis presents Wolff rational account of the soul, its essence, and its nature. It belongs because the 1734 work pairs with Psychologia empirica in his philosophical psychology.","WpMediaId":259987,"SourcePageUrl":"https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_aRY_AAAAcAAJ","SourceImageUrl":"https://archive.org/download/bub_gb_aRY_AAAAcAAJ/page/n0_w1000.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Christian-Wolff\\christian-wolff-19-psychologia-rationalis-title-page.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":1556,"ImageOrdinal":20,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/christian-wolff-20-jus-gentium-title-page.jpg","Alt":"Title page of Jus gentium","Caption":"Title page of Jus gentium","Description":"A title page for Jus gentium methodo scientifica pertractatum names Wolff law of nations according to scientific method. It belongs because the 1749 work anchors his importance for natural law and international legal thought.","WpMediaId":259988,"SourcePageUrl":"https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_XRaiMV3T5osC","SourceImageUrl":"https://archive.org/download/bub_gb_XRaiMV3T5osC/page/n0_w1000.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Christian-Wolff\\christian-wolff-20-jus-gentium-title-page.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":9339,"ImageOrdinal":21,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/christian-wolff-00-marburg-memorial-plaque-vultejus-wolff-jpg.jpg","Alt":"Christian Wolff memorial plaque in Marburg","Caption":"Christian Wolff memorial plaque in Marburg","Description":"The photograph shows a wall plaque naming Christian Wolff and his professorship dates in Marburg. It belongs on Wolff's profile as a documented memorial image tied to his academic career.","WpMediaId":319041,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Marburg,_memorial_plaque_Vultejus_Wolff.jpg","SourceImageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Marburg%2C_memorial_plaque_Vultejus_Wolff.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Christian-Wolff\\christian-wolff-00-marburg-memorial-plaque-vultejus-wolff-jpg.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":9340,"ImageOrdinal":22,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/christian-wolff-00-halle-saale-christian-wolff-denkmal-inschrift-jpg.jpg","Alt":"Christian Wolff monument inscription in Halle","Caption":"Christian Wolff monument inscription in Halle","Description":"The image shows close-up inscription panels on the Christian Wolff monument in Halle, including his name and exile/return dates. 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