Aeschines
{"WorkMasterId":5698,"WpPageId":270060,"ParentWpPageId":193711,"Slug":"aeschines","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/euclid-of-megara/aeschines/","RelativeUrl":"theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/euclid-of-megara/aeschines/","HasFullText":true,"RawHtmlLength":76960,"CleanHtmlLength":22209,"Kicker":"Philosophy Work","Title":"Aeschines","Deck":"Aeschines is a lost Euclidean dialogue title that likely belongs to the Socratic conversation tradition around named interlocutors and philosophical memory.","BackLink":{"Text":"Back to Euclid of Megara","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/euclid-of-megara/"},"AuthorCard":{"Label":"Author","Title":"Euclid of Megara","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/euclid-of-megara/","MediaHref":"","ImageSrc":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/euclid-of-megara-01-official-megara-museum-stelae-room.jpg","ImageAlt":"Megara museum stelae room","FilterTerra":"Eastern Mediterranean","ClickText":"Euclid of Megara","ClickHref":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/euclid-of-megara/","Copies":["435 BCE – 365 BCE","Megara","Socratic philosopher from Megara who joined Socratic concern for the good to Eleatic unity and founded the Megarian school of dialectical argument."]},"ContextCards":[{"Label":"Period","Key":"Period:1","Title":"Ancient History","DateText":"3000 BCE – 499 CE","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/eras-of-thought/philosophers-of-ancient-history/"},{"Label":"Era","Key":"Era:3","Title":"Classical Antiquity","DateText":"500 BCE – 499 CE","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/eras-of-thought/philosophers-of-ancient-history/philosophers-of-classical-antiquity/"},{"Label":"Composition","Title":"389 BCE","Url":"","DateText":""}],"DateNote":"Proxy ordering year 389 BCE. Lost dialogue attributed by Diogenes Laertius; no text survives and HasFullText remains false.","GeoCards":[{"Label":"Region","Key":"Region:1"},{"Label":"Terra Avita","Key":"TerraAvita:2"},{"Label":"Terra Avita Region","Key":"TerraAvitaRegion:8"},{"Label":"Modern Country","Key":"Country:GRC:2"}],"OriginalTitle":"Αἰσχίνης","Language":"Ancient Greek","DisciplineCards":[{"Label":"Primary Discipline","Key":"Discipline:epistemology"},{"Label":"Secondary Discipline","Key":"Discipline:ethics"}],"Tradition":"Socratic / Megarian school","FullText":{"Title":"Full Text","Copy":"Full text from Perseus: Diogenes Laertius, Lives of Eminent Philosophers, Book II, Aeschines .","Url":"","Label":"","Kicker":"","Cards":[]},"CoreThesis":["Aeschines is a lost Euclidean dialogue title that likely belongs to the Socratic conversation tradition around named interlocutors and philosophical memory."],"Classification":{"AlternateTitles":"Aeschines dialogue","KeyConcepts":"Socratic dialogue; Megarian school; the good; unity; Eleatic inheritance; dialectic; question and answer; eristic; argument; analogy; Socratic memory; lost dialogue; ancient testimony","Methodology":"Lost Socratic dialogue known through ancient testimony, treated as attributed and fragmentary evidence rather than a surviving full text.","Structure":"The page records one of the six dialogue titles attributed to Euclid by Diogenes Laertius, with visible lost-work and attribution notes."},"Arguments":["Aeschines is a lost Euclidean dialogue title that likely belongs to the Socratic conversation tradition around named interlocutors and philosophical memory."],"Influence":{"InfluencedBy":"Socrates, Parmenides, Zeno of Elea, Eleatic philosophy, Socratic dialectic, and early fourth-century BCE Socratic dialogue culture.","InfluenceOn":""},"Significance":["Included as one of the six lost or attributed Euclid of Megara dialogue pages approved for the full-process update.","The title is useful for tracking the lost Socratic dialogue tradition and the transmission problems surrounding Euclid, Megarian dialectic, and the minor Socratics."],"EvidenceNote":["Direct work page approved in the Euclid of Megara update on ancient testimony. Euclid of Alexandria, Elements, Megarian-school works by Eubulides/Diodorus/Stilpo, Platonic or Socratic dialogues by other authors, Diogenes source pages, fragment collections, modern translations, catalog rows, and scholarship remain evidence/Other Voices unless separately approved."],"MainSections":[{"Kind":"RawSection","Title":"Full Text","BodyHtml":"\u003cp class=\"dz-philo__section-copy dz-philo__full-text-source\"\u003eFull text from \u003ca href=\"https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0258%3Abook%3D2%3Achapter%3D7\"\u003ePerseus: Diogenes Laertius, Lives of Eminent Philosophers, Book II, Aeschines\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003carticle class=\"dz-philo__full-text-body\"\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"/hopper/home\"\u003eHome\u003c/a\u003e\n \u003ca href=\"/hopper/collections\"\u003eCollections/Texts\u003c/a\u003e\n \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://catalog.perseus.org\"\u003ePerseus Catalog\u003c/a\u003e\n \u003ca href=\"/hopper/research\"\u003eResearch\u003c/a\u003e\n \u003ca href=\"/hopper/grants\"\u003eGrants\u003c/a\u003e\n \u003ca href=\"/hopper/opensource\"\u003eOpen Source\u003c/a\u003e\n \u003ca href=\"/hopper/about\"\u003eAbout\u003c/a\u003e\n \u003ca href=\"/hopper/help\"\u003eHelp\u003c/a\u003e\n \n\t\n \n \n\t\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\t\n\t\n \n \u003cinput type=\"hidden\" name=\"fromdoc\" value=\"Perseus:text:1999.01.0258\" /\u003e\n \u003c/form\u003e\n \n \n \n \u003chr /\u003e\n \u003ch4\u003eChapter 7. AESCHINES (c. 400 B.C.)\u003c/h4\u003e\n \n [\u003cspan\u003e60\u003c/span\u003e]\n \n Aeschines was the son of Charinus the sausagemaker, but others make his father\u0027s name Lysanias.\n He was a citizen of Athens, industrious from his\n birth up. For this reason he never quitted Socrates;\n hence Socrates\u0027 remark, \"Only the sausage-maker\u0027s\n son knows how to honour me.\" Idomeneus declared\n \n that it was Aeschines, not Crito, who advised Socrates\n in the prison about making his escape,\u003ca href=\"#notea\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/a\u003e but that\n Plato put the words into the mouth of Crito because\n Aeschines was more attached to Aristippus than to\n himself. It was said maliciously–by Menedemus\n of Eretria in particular–that most of the dialogues\n which Aeschines passed off as his own were really\n dialogues of Socrates obtained by him from Xanthippe. Those of them which are said to have no\n beginning (\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"morph?l=a%29ke%2Ffaloi\u0026amp;la=greek\u0026amp;can=a%29ke%2Ffaloi0\" target=\"morph\"\u003eἀκέφαλοι\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e) are very slovenly\n and show\n none of the vigour of Socrates; Pisistratus of Ephesus\n even denied that they were written by Aeschines.\n \n [\u003cspan\u003e61\u003c/span\u003e]\n \n Persaeus indeed attributes the majority of the seven\n to Pasiphon of the school of Eretria, who inserted\n them among the dialogues of Aeschines. Moreover,\n Aeschines made use of the\n \u003ci\u003eLittle Cyrus\u003c/i\u003e, the\n \u003ci\u003eLesser\n Heracles\u003c/i\u003e and the\n \u003ci\u003eAlcibiades\u003c/i\u003e of Antisthenes as\n well\n as dialogues by other authors. However that may\n be, of the writings of Aeschines those stamped with\n a Socratic character are seven, namely\n \u003ci\u003eMiltiades\u003c/i\u003e,\n which for that reason is somewhat weak; then\n \u003ci\u003eCallias, Axiochus, Aspasia, Alcibiades, Telauges\u003c/i\u003e,\n and\n \u003ci\u003eRhinon.\u003c/i\u003e\u003cp /\u003e\n They say that want drove him to Sicily to the\n court of Dionysius, and that Plato took no notice of\n him, but he was introduced to Dionysius by Aristippus, and on presenting certain dialogues received\n gifts from him. \n \n [\u003cspan\u003e62\u003c/span\u003e]\n \n Afterwards on his return to Athens\n he did not venture to lecture owing to the popularity\n of Plato and Aristippus. But he took fees from\n pupils, and subsequently composed forensic speeches\n for aggrieved clients. This is the point of Timon\u0027s\n reference to him as \"the might of Aeschines, that\n not unconvincing writer.\" They say that Socrates,\n \n seeing how he was pinched by poverty, advised him\n to borrow from himself by reducing his rations. Aristippus among others had suspicions of the genuineness of his dialogues. At all events, as he was\n reading one at Megara, Aristippus rallied him by\n asking, \"Where did you get that, you thief?\"\u003cp /\u003e\n \n [\u003cspan\u003e63\u003c/span\u003e]\n \n Polycritus of Mende, in the first book of his\n \u003ci\u003eHistory\n of Dionysius\u003c/i\u003e, says that he lived with the tyrant until\n his expulsion from Syracuse, and survived until the\n return of Dion, and that with him was Carcinus the\n tragic poet. There is also extant an epistle of\n Aeschines to Dionysius. That he had received a\n good rhetorical training is clear from his defence of\n the father of Phaeax the general, and from his\n defence of Dion. He is a close imitator of Gorgias\n of Leontini. Moreover, Lysias attacked him in a\n speech which he entitled \"On dishonesty.\" And\n from this too it is clear that he was a rhetorician.\n A single disciple of his is mentioned, Aristotle, whose\n nickname was \"Story.\"\u003cp /\u003e\n \n [\u003cspan\u003e64\u003c/span\u003e]\n \n Panaetius thinks that, of all the Socratic dialogues, those by Plato, Xenophon, Antisthenes and\n Aeschines are genuine; he is in doubt about those\n ascribed to Phaedo and Euclides; but he rejects the\n others one and all.\u003cp /\u003e\n There are eight men who have borne the name of\n Aeschines: (1) our subject himself; (2) the author of\n handbooks of rhetoric; (3) the orator who opposed\n Demosthenes; (4) an Arcadian, a pupil of Isocrates;\n (5) a Mitylenean whom they used to call the \"scourge\n of rhetoricians\"; (6) a Neapolitan, an Academic\n philosopher, a pupil and favourite of Melanthius of\n Rhodes; (7) a Milesian who wrote upon politics;\n (8) a sculptor.\u003cp /\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"#note-linka\"\u003e1\u003c/a\u003e Idomeneus, it may be\n conjectured, relied on some\n Socratic dialogue in which the part assigned by Plato to\n Crito was given to Aeschines.\u003c/p\u003e\n \n \n \n \n \n \u003cp\u003e\n \u003cbr /\u003eThis work is licensed under a \n \u003ca rel=\"license\" href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/us/\"\u003eCreative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 United States License\u003c/a\u003e.\n \u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAn \u003ca href=\"dltext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0258\"\u003eXML version\u003c/a\u003e of this text is available for download, \n with the additional restriction that you offer Perseus any modifications you make. Perseus provides credit for all accepted \n changes, storing new additions in a versioning system.\u003c/p\u003e \n \n \n\t\n\t\n \n \n \n \u0026nbsp;\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\t\n \u003c?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eCross-references to this page\n (1):\n \u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ccite\u003eSmith\u0027s Bio\u003c/cite\u003e, \u003ca href=\"text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0104:entry=carcinus-bio-2\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eCarcinus\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\n\t\n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \u003cspan\u003eCitation URI:\u003c/span\u003e \u003ca href=\"http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0004.tlg001.perseus-eng1:2.7\"\u003ehttp://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0004.tlg001.perseus-eng1:2.7\u003c/a\u003e\n \n \u003cspan\u003eText URI:\u003c/span\u003e \u003ca href=\"http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0004.tlg001.perseus-eng1\"\u003ehttp://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0004.tlg001.perseus-eng1\u003c/a\u003e\n \n \u003cspan\u003eWork URI:\u003c/span\u003e \u003ca href=\"http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0004.tlg001\"\u003ehttp://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0004.tlg001\u003c/a\u003e\n \n \n \u003cspan\u003eCatalog Record URI:\u003c/span\u003e \u003ca href=\"http://data.perseus.org/catalog/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0004.tlg001.perseus-eng1\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://data.perseus.org/catalog/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0004.tlg001.perseus-eng1\u003c/a\u003e\r\n\n \u003c/article\u003e"},{"Kind":"TextSection","Title":"Core Thesis","Paragraphs":["Aeschines is a lost Euclidean dialogue title that likely belongs to the Socratic conversation tradition around named interlocutors and philosophical memory."]},{"Kind":"FieldSection","Title":"Classification","Fields":[{"Label":"Alternate Titles","Value":"Aeschines dialogue"},{"Label":"Key Concepts","Value":"Socratic dialogue; Megarian school; the good; unity; Eleatic inheritance; dialectic; question and answer; eristic; argument; analogy; Socratic memory; lost dialogue; ancient testimony"},{"Label":"Methodology","Value":"Lost Socratic dialogue known through ancient testimony, treated as attributed and fragmentary evidence rather than a surviving full text."},{"Label":"Structure","Value":"The page records one of the six dialogue titles attributed to Euclid by Diogenes Laertius, with visible lost-work and attribution notes."}]},{"Kind":"TextSection","Title":"Arguments","Paragraphs":["Aeschines is a lost Euclidean dialogue title that likely belongs to the Socratic conversation tradition around named interlocutors and philosophical memory."]},{"Kind":"FieldSection","Title":"Influence","Fields":[{"Label":"Influenced By","Value":"Socrates, Parmenides, Zeno of Elea, Eleatic philosophy, Socratic dialectic, and early fourth-century BCE Socratic dialogue culture."},{"Label":"Influence On","Value":"Eubulides, Diodorus Cronus, Stilpo, Clinomachus, Megarian and Dialectical school traditions, Stoic logic reception, and modern studies of minor Socratics."}]},{"Kind":"TextSection","Title":"Significance","Paragraphs":["Included as one of the six lost or attributed Euclid of Megara dialogue pages approved for the full-process update.","The title is useful for tracking the lost Socratic dialogue tradition and the transmission problems surrounding Euclid, Megarian dialectic, and the minor Socratics."]},{"Kind":"TextSection","Title":"Evidence Note","Paragraphs":["Direct work page approved in the Euclid of Megara update on ancient testimony. Euclid of Alexandria, Elements, Megarian-school works by Eubulides/Diodorus/Stilpo, Platonic or Socratic dialogues by other authors, Diogenes source pages, fragment collections, modern translations, catalog rows, and scholarship remain evidence/Other Voices unless separately approved."]}],"SectionSequence":["Back Link","Work Title","Deck","Author","Period","Era","Composition","Date Note","Region","Terra Avita","Terra Avita Region","Modern Country","Original Title","Language","Primary Discipline","Secondary Discipline","Tradition","Full Text","Core Thesis","Classification","Arguments","Influence","Significance","Evidence Note"],"Counts":{"ContextCards":3,"GeoCards":4,"DisciplineCards":2,"Links":11,"Sections":24,"Styles":2,"Scripts":1}}