Grundrisse / Foundations of the Critique of Political Economy
{"WorkMasterId":6481,"WpPageId":282472,"ParentWpPageId":189644,"Slug":"marx-grundrisse","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/karl-marx/marx-grundrisse/","RelativeUrl":"theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/karl-marx/marx-grundrisse/","HasFullText":true,"RawHtmlLength":113324,"CleanHtmlLength":58573,"Kicker":"Philosophy Work","Title":"Grundrisse / Foundations of the Critique of Political Economy","Deck":"Marx develops notebooks on production, circulation, money, capital, labor, history, precapitalist forms, and method.","BackLink":{"Text":"Back to Karl Marx","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/karl-marx/"},"AuthorCard":{"Label":"Author","Title":"Karl Marx","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/karl-marx/","MediaHref":"","ImageSrc":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/karl-marx-01-mayall-1875-standard-portrait.jpg","ImageAlt":"Karl Marx, Mayall portrait, 1875","FilterTerra":"Western Europe","ClickText":"Karl Marx","ClickHref":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/karl-marx/","Copies":["1818 CE – 1883 CE","Trier, Rhine Province, Kingdom of Prussia","German philosopher of historical materialism, alienation, class struggle, ideology critique, political economy, capitalism, communism, religion critique, and social transformation."]},"ContextCards":[{"Label":"Period","Key":"Period:4","Title":"Modern History","DateText":"1800 CE – 1944 CE","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/eras-of-thought/philosophers-of-modern-history/"},{"Label":"Era","Key":"Era:11","Title":"Long 19th Century","DateText":"1870 CE – 1913 CE","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/eras-of-thought/philosophers-of-modern-history/philosophers-of-the-long-19th-century/"},{"Label":"Composition","Title":"1858 CE","Url":"","DateText":""}],"DateNote":"Displayed as 1858 CE for the 1857-1858 manuscript notebooks; posthumous publication is evidence, not the display year.","GeoCards":[{"Label":"Region","Key":"Region:1"},{"Label":"Terra Avita","Key":"TerraAvita:1"},{"Label":"Terra Avita Region","Key":"TerraAvitaRegion:3"},{"Label":"Modern Country","Key":"Country:DEU:1"}],"OriginalTitle":"Grundrisse der Kritik der politischen Oekonomie","Language":"German / French / English","DisciplineCards":[{"Label":"Primary Discipline","Key":"Discipline:metaphysics"},{"Label":"Secondary Discipline","Key":"Discipline:political-philosophy"}],"Tradition":"Historical materialism / critique of political economy","FullText":{"Title":"Full Text","Copy":"Full text from Marxists Internet Archive: Grundrisse .","Url":"","Label":"","Kicker":"","Cards":[]},"CoreThesis":["Marx develops notebooks on production, circulation, money, capital, labor, history, precapitalist forms, and method."],"Classification":{"AlternateTitles":"Foundations of the Critique of Political Economy; Grundrisse","KeyConcepts":"Grundrisse; capital; labor; production; circulation; method; precapitalist formations; value","Methodology":"Historical-materialist analysis, critique of political economy, dialectical critique, philosophical polemic, archival manuscript work, journalism, and social theory.","Structure":"The page records an approved Marx work with explicit year, source evidence, and visible coauthorship, manuscript, posthumous, or Engels-edited status where needed."},"Arguments":["Marx develops notebooks on production, circulation, money, capital, labor, history, precapitalist forms, and method."],"Influence":{"InfluencedBy":"Hegel, Feuerbach, Adam Smith, David Ricardo, Aristotle, Epicurus, French socialism, British political economy, and nineteenth-century revolutionary politics.","InfluenceOn":""},"Significance":["Included as one of the twenty-seven direct Karl Marx work pages approved for the Karl Marx full-process repair.","The work anchors Marx\u0027s continuing relevance for capitalism, labor, alienation, class, ideology, religion critique, political economy, state power, social transformation, and historical explanation."],"EvidenceNote":["Accepted as a direct manuscript cluster through MEGA, Marxists archive, catalog, and scholarship evidence; HasFullText remains false."],"MainSections":[{"Kind":"RawSection","Title":"Full Text","BodyHtml":"\u003cp class=\"dz-philo__section-copy dz-philo__full-text-source\"\u003eFull text from \u003ca href=\"https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1857/grundrisse/\"\u003eMarxists Internet Archive: Grundrisse\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003carticle class=\"dz-philo__full-text-body\"\u003e\n\u003ch1\u003eGrundrisse\u003c/h1\u003e\r\n\u003ch3\u003eFoundations of the Critique of Political Economy (Rough Draft)\u003c/h3\u003e\r\n\u003ch3\u003eKarl Marx\u003c/h3\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/philosophy-full-text-work-6481-grundrisse-foundations-of-the-critique-of-political-economy-4c91b51ff7-9b77049ce15dfef7.jpg\" alt=\"Marx in 1861\" width=\"200\" height=\"250\" /\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\r\n\u003cspan\u003eWritten:\u003c/span\u003e 1857\u0026ndash;61;\u003cbr\u003e\r\n\u003cspan\u003ePublished:\u003c/span\u003e in German 1939\u0026ndash;41;\u003cbr\u003e\r\n\u003cspan\u003eSource:\u003c/span\u003e Grundrisse, Penguin Books in association with New Left Review, 1973;\u003cbr\u003e\r\n\u003cspan\u003eTranslated by:\u003c/span\u003e Martin Nicolaus;\u003cbr\u003e\r\n\u003cspan\u003eNotes by:\u003c/span\u003e Ben Fowkes;\u003cbr\u003e\r\n\u003cspan\u003eScanned by:\u003c/span\u003e Tim Delaney, 1997;\u003cbr\u003e\r\n\u003cspan\u003eHTML Mark-up:\u003c/span\u003e Andy Blunden, 2002; Dave Allinson, 2015.\r\n\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\r\nThis translation is licensed by the copyright owner, Martin Nicolaus, exclusively to MIA. Publication on other online sites is prohibited. Editorial notes are included by permission of Ben Fowkes.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cbr /\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eGrundrisse in eBook formats:\r\n\u003ca href=\"../../download/epub/grundrisse.epub\"\u003eepub\u003c/a\u003e\r\n\u003ca href=\"../../download/mobi/grundrisse.mobi\"\u003emobi\u003c/a\u003e\r\n\u003ca href=\"../../download/pdf/grundrisse.pdf\"\u003epdf\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003ch3\u003e* * *\u003c/h3\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003ch4\u003eNote on the Text\u003c/h4\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\r\nMarx wrote this huge manuscript as part of his preparation for what would become \u003ca href=\"../../1859/critique-pol-economy/index.htm\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eA Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e (published in 1859) and \u003ca href=\"../../1867-c1/index.htm\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCapital\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e (published 1867).\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eSoviet Marxologists released several never-before-seen Marx/Engels works in the 1930s. Most were early works \u0026#8211; like the \u003ca href=\"../../1844/manuscripts/preface.htm\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eEconomic and Philosophical Manuscripts\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e \u0026#8211; but the \u003cem\u003eGrundrisse\u003c/em\u003e stood alone as issuing forth from the most intense period of Marx\u0026#8217;s decade-long, in-depth study of economics. It is an extremely rich and thought-provoking work, showing signs of humanism and the influence of Hegelian dialectic method. Do note, though, Marx did not intend it for publication as is, so it can be stylistically very rough in places.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eThe series of seven notebooks were rough-drafted by Marx, chiefly for purposes of self-clarification, during the winter of 1857-8. The manuscript became lost in circumstances still unknown and was first effectively published, in the German original, in 1953. A limited edition was published by Foreign Language Publishers in Moscow in two volumes, 1939 and 1941 respectively, under the editorship of the Marx-Engels-Lenin Institute, Moscow. The first volume contained the introduction and the seven notebooks translated here. The second added fragments from Marx\u0026#8217;s 1851 notebooks of excerpts from Ricardo, the fragment \u0026#8216;Bastiat and Carey\u0026#8217; (also included in this translation), and miscellaneous related material; also extensive annotations and sources. A photo-offset reprint of the two volumes bound in one, minus illustrations and facsimiles, was issued by Dietz Verlag, Berlin (E.), in 1953, and is the basis of the present translation. It is referred to hereafter as \u003ci\u003eGrundrisse\u003c/i\u003e. Rosdolsky states that only three or four copies of the 1939-41 edition ever reached \u0026#8216;the western world\u0026#8217;.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n \r\n\u003ch3\u003e* * *\u003c/h3\u003e\r\n\u003chr\u003e\r\n \r\n\r\n\u003ch3\u003eAnalytical Contents List\u003c/h3\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch01.htm\"\u003eINTRODUCTION (Notebook M)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd width=\"10%\"\u003e p81\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch01.htm\"\u003e(1) Production in general\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003e p81\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch01.htm#loc2\"\u003e(2) General relation between production, distribution, exchange and consumption\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep88\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch01.htm#loc3\"\u003e(3) The method of political economy\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep100\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch01.htm#loc4\"\u003e(4) Means (forces) of production and relations of production, relations of production and relations of circulation\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep109\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch02.htm\"\u003eTHE CHAPTER ON MONEY (Notebooks I and II, pp. 1\u0026ndash;7)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep113-238\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch02.htm#p115\"\u003eDarimon\u0026#8217;s theory of crises\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep115\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch02.htm#p125\"\u003eGold export and crises\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep125\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch02.htm#p130\"\u003eConvertibility and note circulation\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep130\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch02.htm#p136\"\u003eValue and price\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep136\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch02.htm#p140\"\u003eTransformation of the commodity into exchange value; money\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep140\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch02.htm#p147\"\u003eContradictions in the money relation\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep147\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch02.htm#p147\"\u003e(1) Contradiction between commodity as product and commodity as exchange value\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep147\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch02.htm#p148\"\u003e(2) Contradiction between purchase and sale\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep148\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch02.htm#p148\"\u003e(3) Contradiction between exchange for the sake of exchange and exchange for the sake of commodities\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep148\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch02.htm#p149\"\u003e(Aphorisms)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep149\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch03.htm\"\u003e(4) Contradiction between money as particular commodity and money as general commodity\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep150\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch03.htm#p151\"\u003e(The \u003cem\u003eEconomist\u003c/em\u003e and the \u003cem\u003eMorning Star\u003c/em\u003e on money)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep151\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch03.htm#p153\"\u003eAttempts to overcome the contradictions by the issue of time-chits\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep153\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch03.htm#p156\"\u003eExchange value as mediation of private interests\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep156\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch03.htm#p156\"\u003eExchange value (money) as social bond\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep156\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch03.htm#p163\"\u003eSocial relations which create an undeveloped system of exchange\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep163\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch03.htm#p165\"\u003eThe product becomes a commodity; the commodity becomes exchange value; the exchange value of the commodity becomes money\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep165\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch03.htm#p166\"\u003eMoney as measure\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep166\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch03.htm#p168\"\u003eMoney as objectification of general labour time\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep168\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch03.htm#p169\"\u003e(Incidental remark on gold and silver)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep169\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch03.htm#p171\"\u003eDistinction between particular labour time and general labour time\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep171\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch03.htm#p172\"\u003eDistinction between planned distribution of labour time and measurement of exchange values by labour time\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep172\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch03.htm#p172\"\u003e(Strabo on money among the Albanians)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep172\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch03.htm#p173\"\u003eThe precious metals as subjects of the money relation\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep173\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch03.htm#p174\"\u003e(a) Gold and silver in relation to the other metals\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep174\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch03.htm#p180\"\u003e(b) Fluctuations in the value-relations between the different metals\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep180\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch03.htm#p185\"\u003e(c) and (d) (headings only): Sources of gold and silver; money as coin\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep185\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch03.htm#p186\"\u003eCirculation of money and opposite circulation of commodities\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep186\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch03.htm#p187\"\u003eGeneral concept of circulation\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep187\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch03.htm#p187\"\u003e(a) Circulation circulates exchange values in the form of prices\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep187\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch03.htm#p190\"\u003e(Distinction between real money and accounting money)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep190\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch03.htm#p193\"\u003e(b) Money as the medium of exchange\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep193\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch03.htm#p194\"\u003e(What determines the quantity of money required for circulation)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep194\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch03.htm#p195\"\u003e(Comment on (a))\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep195\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch03.htm#p196\"\u003eCommodity circulation requires appropriation through alienation\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep196\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch03.htm#p197\"\u003eCirculation as an endlessly repeated process\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep197\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch03.htm#p198\"\u003eThe price as external to and independent of the commodity\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep198\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch03.htm#p199\"\u003eCreation of general medium of exchange\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep199\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch03.htm#p200\"\u003eExchange as a special business\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep200\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch03.htm#p201\"\u003eDouble motion of circulation: C\u0026ndash;M; M\u0026ndash;C, and M\u0026ndash;C; C\u0026ndash;M\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep201\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch04.htm#p203\"\u003eThree contradictory functions of money\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep203\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch04.htm#p203\"\u003e(1) Money as general material of contracts, as measuring unit of exchange values\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep203\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch04.htm#p208\"\u003e(2) Money as medium of exchange and realizer of prices\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep208\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch04.htm#p211\"\u003e(Money, as representative of price, allows commodities to be exchanged at equivalent prices)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep211\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch04.htm#p213\"\u003e(An example of confusion between the contradictory functions of money)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep213\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch04.htm#p213\"\u003e(Money as particular commodity and money as general commodity)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep213\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch04.htm#p215\"\u003e(3) Money as money: as material representative of wealth (accumulation of money)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep215\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch04.htm#p223\"\u003e(Dissolution of ancient communities through money)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep223\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch04.htm#p226\"\u003e(Money, unlike coin, has a universal character)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep226\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch04.htm#p228\"\u003e(Money in its third function is the negation (negative unity) of its character as medium of circulation and measure)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep228\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch04.htm#p229\"\u003e(Money in its metallic being; accumulation of gold and silver)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep229\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch04.htm#p237\"\u003e(Headings on money, to be elaborated later)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep237\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch05.htm\"\u003eTHE CHAPTER ON CAPITAL (Notebooks II pp. 8\u0026ndash;28, III\u0026ndash;VII)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep239-250\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch05.htm#p239\"\u003eThe Chapter on Money as Capital\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep239\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch05.htm#p239\"\u003eDifficulty in grasping money in its fully developed character as money\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep239\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch05.htm#p240\"\u003eSimple exchange: relations between the exchangers\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep240\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch05.htm#p247\"\u003e(Critique of socialists and harmonizers: Bastiat, Proudhon)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep247\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch05.htm#p250\"\u003eSECTION ONE: THE PRODUCTION PROCESS OF CAPITAL\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep250-401\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch05.htm#p251\"\u003eNothing is expressed when capital is characterized merely as a sum of values\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep251\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch05.htm#p252\"\u003eLanded property and capital\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep252\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch05.htm#p253\"\u003eCapital comes from circulation; its content is exchange value; merchant capital, money capital, and money interest\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep253\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch05.htm#p254\"\u003eCirculation presupposes another process; motion between presupposed extremes\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep254\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch05.htm#p256\"\u003eTransition from circulation to capitalist production\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep256\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch05.htm#p257\"\u003eCapital is accumulated labour (etc.)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep257\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch05.htm#p258\"\u003e\u0026#8216;Capital is a sum of values used for the production of values\u0026#8217;\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep258\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch05.htm#p259\"\u003eCirculation, and exchange value deriving from circulation, the presupposition of capital\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep259\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch05.htm#p262\"\u003eExchange value emerging from circulation, a presupposition of circulation, preserving and multiplying itself in it by means of labour\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep262\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch05.htm#p264\"\u003eProduct and capital. Value and capital. Proudhon\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep264\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch05.htm#p266\"\u003eCapital and labour. Exchange value and use value for exchange value\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep266\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch05.htm#p269\"\u003eMoney and its use value (labour) in this relation capital. Self-multiplication of value is its only movement\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep269\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch05.htm#p271\"\u003eCapital, as regards substance, objectified labour. Its antithesis living, productive labour\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep271\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch05.htm#p272\"\u003eProductive labour and labour as performance of a service\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep272\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch05.htm#p273\"\u003eProductive and unproductive labour. A. Smith etc.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep273\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch05.htm#p274\"\u003eThe two different processes in the exchange of capital with labour\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep274\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch05.htm#p275\"\u003eCapital and modern landed property\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep275\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch05.htm#p279\"\u003eThe market\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep279\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch05.htm#p281\"\u003eExchange between capital and labour. Piecework wages\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep281\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch05.htm#p282\"\u003eValue of labour power\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep282\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch05.htm#p283\"\u003eShare of the wage labourer in general wealth determined only quantitatively\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep283\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch05.htm#p284\"\u003eMoney is the worker\u0026#8217;s equivalent; he thus confronts capital as an equal\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep284\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch05.htm#p284\"\u003eBut the aim of his exchange is satisfaction of his need. Money for him is only medium of circulation\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep284\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch05.htm#p284\"\u003eSavings, self-denial as means of the worker\u0026#8217;s enrichment\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep284\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch05.htm#p289\"\u003eValuelessness and devaluation of the worker a condition of capital\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep289\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch06.htm\"\u003e(Labour power as capital!)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep293\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch06.htm#p294\"\u003eWages not productive\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep294\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch06.htm#p295\"\u003eThe exchange between capital and labour belongs within simple circulation, does not enrich the worker\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep295\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch06.htm#p295\"\u003eSeparation of labour and property the precondition of this exchange\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep295\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch06.htm#p296\"\u003eLabour as object absolute poverty, labour as subject general possibility of wealth\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep296\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch06.htm#p296\"\u003eLabour without particular specificity confronts capital\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep296\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch06.htm#p297\"\u003eLabour process absorbed into capital\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep297\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch06.htm#p303\"\u003e(Capital and capitalist)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep303\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch06.htm#p304\"\u003eProduction process as content of capital\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep304\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch06.htm#p306\"\u003eThe worker relates to his labour as exchange value, the capitalist as use value\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep306\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch06.htm#p307\"\u003eThe worker divests himself of labour as the wealth-producing power; capital appropriates it as such\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep307\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch06.htm#p308\"\u003eTransformation of labour into capital\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep308\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch06.htm#p310\"\u003eRealization process\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep310\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch06.htm#p315\"\u003e(Costs of production)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep315\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch06.htm#p316\"\u003eMere self-preservation, non-multiplication of value contradicts the essence of capital\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep316\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch06.htm#p318\"\u003eCapital enters the cost of production as capital. Interest-bearing capital\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep318\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch06.htm#p319\"\u003e(Parentheses on: original accumulation of capital, historic presuppositions of capital, production in general)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep319\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch06.htm#p321\"\u003eSurplus value. Surplus labour time\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep321\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch06.htm#p322\"\u003eValue of labour. How it is determined\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep322\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch06.htm#p324\"\u003eConditions for the self-realization of capital\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep324\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch06.htm#p325\"\u003eCapital is productive as creator of surplus labour\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep325\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch06.htm#p325\"\u003eBut this is only a historical and transitory phenomenon\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep325\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch06.htm#p326\"\u003eTheories of surplus value (Ricardo; the Physiocrats; Adam Smith; Ricardo again)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep326\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch07.htm\"\u003eSurplus value and productive force. Relation when these increase\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep333\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch07.htm#p340\"\u003eResult: in proportion as necessary labour is already diminished, the realization of capital becomes more difficult\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep340\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch07.htm#p341\"\u003eConcerning increases in the value of capital\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep341\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch07.htm#p354\"\u003eLabour does not reproduce the value of material and instrument, but rather preserves it by relating to them in the labour process as to their objective conditions\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep354\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch07.htm#p359\"\u003eAbsolute surplus labour time. Relative\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep359\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch07.htm#p359\"\u003eIt is not the quantity of living labour, but rather its quality as labour which preserves the labour time already contained in the material\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep359\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch07.htm#p360\"\u003eThe change of form and substance in the direct production process\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep360\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch07.htm#p361\"\u003eIt is inherent in the simple production process that the previous stage of production is preserved through the subsequent one\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep361\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch07.htm#p362\"\u003ePreservation of the old use value by new labour\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep362\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch07.htm#p363\"\u003eThe quantity of objectified labour is preserved because contact with living labour preserves its quality as use value for new labour\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep363\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch07.htm#p364\"\u003eIn the real production process, the separation of labour from its objective moments of existence is suspended. But in this process labour is already incorporated in capital\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep364\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch07.htm#p365\"\u003eThe capitalist obtains surplus labour free of charge together with the maintenance of the value of material and instrument\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep365\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch07.htm#p367\"\u003eThrough the appropriation of present labour, capital already possesses a claim to the appropriation of future labour\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep367\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch07.htm#p373\"\u003eConfusion of profit and surplus value. Carey\u0026#8217;s erroneous calculation\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep373\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch07.htm#p374\"\u003eThe capitalist, who does not pay the worker for the preservation of the old value, then demands remuneration for giving the worker permission to preserve the old capital\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep374\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch07.htm#p376\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSurplus Value and Profit\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep376-398\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch07.htm#p378\"\u003eDifference between consumption of the instrument and of wages. The former consumed in the production process, the latter outside it\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep378\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch07.htm#p381\"\u003eIncrease of surplus value and decrease in rate of profit\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep381\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch07.htm#p386\"\u003eMultiplication of simultaneous working days\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep386\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch07.htm#p389\"\u003eMachinery\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep389\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch07.htm#p389\"\u003eGrowth of the constant part of capital in relation to the variable part spent on wages = growth of the productivity of labour\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep389\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch07.htm#p390\"\u003eProportion in which capital has to increase in order to employ the same number of workers if productivity rises\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep390\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch07.htm#p395\"\u003ePercentage of total capital can express very different relations\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep395\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch07.htm#p397\"\u003eCapital (like property in general) rests on the productivity of labour\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep397\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch07.htm#p398\"\u003eIncrease of surplus labour time. Increase of simultaneous working days. (Population)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep398\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch07.htm#p400\"\u003e(Population can increase in proportion as necessary labour time becomes smaller)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep400\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch08.htm#p401\"\u003eTransition from the process of the production of capital into the process of circulation\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep401\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch08.htm\"\u003eSECTION TWO: THE CIRCULATION PROCESS OF CAPITAL\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep401-743\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch08.htm#p402\"\u003eDevaluation of capital itself owing to increase of productive forces\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep402\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch08.htm#p413\"\u003e(Competition)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep413\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch08.htm#p414\"\u003eCapital as unity and contradiction of the production process and the realization process\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep414\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch08.htm#p415\"\u003eCapital as limit to production. Overproduction\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep415\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch08.htm#p419\"\u003eDemand by the workers themselves\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep419\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch08.htm#p422\"\u003eBarriers to capitalist production\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep422\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch08.htm#p423\"\u003eOverproduction; Proudhon\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep423\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch08.htm#p424\"\u003ePrice of the commodity and labour time\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep424\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch08.htm#p430\"\u003eThe capitalist does not sell too dear; but still above what the thing costs him\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep430\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch08.htm#p432\"\u003ePrice can fall below value without damage to capital\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep432\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch08.htm#p432\"\u003eNumber and unit (measure) important in the multiplication of prices\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep432\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch08.htm#p433\"\u003eSpecific accumulation of capital. (Transformation of surplus labour into capital)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep433\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch08.htm#p433\"\u003eThe determination of value and of prices\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep433\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch08.htm#p434\"\u003eThe general rate of profit\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep434\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch08.htm#p436\"\u003eThe capitalist merely sells at his own cost of production, then it is a transfer to another capitalist. The worker gains almost nothing thereby\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep436\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch08.htm#p443\"\u003eBarrier of capitalist production. Relation of surplus labour to necessary labour. Proportion of the surplus consumed by capital to that transformed into capital\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep443\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch08.htm#p446\"\u003eDevaluation during crises\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep446\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch08.htm#p447\"\u003eCapital coming out of the production process becomes money again\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep447\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch08.htm#p449\"\u003e(Parenthesis on capital in general)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep449\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch09.htm\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSurplus Labour or Surplus Value Becomes Surplus Capital\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep450-459\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch09.htm\"\u003eAll the determinants of capitalist production now appear as the result of (wage) labour itself\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep450\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch09.htm#p452\"\u003eThe realization process of labour at the same time its de-realization process\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep452\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch09.htm#p456\"\u003eFormation of surplus capital I\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep456\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch09.htm#p456\"\u003eSurplus capital II\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep456\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch09.htm#p458\"\u003eInversion of the law of appropriation\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep458\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch09.htm#p458\"\u003eChief result of the production and realization process\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep458\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch09.htm#p459\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eOriginal Accumulation of Capital\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep459-471\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch09.htm#p459\"\u003eOnce developed historically, capital itself creates the conditions of its existence\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep459\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch09.htm#p465\"\u003e(Performance of personal services, as opposed to wage labour)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep465\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch09.htm#p469\"\u003e(Parenthesis on inversion of the law of property, real alien relation of the worker to his product, division of labour, machinery)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep469\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch09.htm#p471\"\u003eForms which precede capitalist production. (Concerning the process which precedes the formation of the capital relation or of original accumulation)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep471\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch10.htm\"\u003eExchange of labour for labour rests on the worker\u0026#8217;s propertylessness\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep514\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch10.htm#p516\"\u003eCirculation of capital and circulation of money\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep516\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch10.htm#p517\"\u003eProduction process and circulation process moments of production. The productivity of the different capitals (branches of industry) determines that of the individual capital\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep517\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch10.htm#p518\"\u003eCirculation period. Velocity of circulation substitutes for volume of capital. Mutual dependence of capitals in the velocity of their circulation\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep518\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch10.htm#p520\"\u003eThe four moments in the turnover of capital\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep520\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch10.htm#p521\"\u003eMoment II to be considered here: transformation of the product into money; duration of this operation\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep521\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch10.htm#p521\"\u003eTransport costs\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep521\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch10.htm#p524\"\u003eCirculation costs\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep524\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch10.htm#p525\"\u003eMeans of communication and transport\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep525\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch10.htm#p527\"\u003eDivision of the branches of labour\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep527\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch10.htm#p528\"\u003eConcentration of many workers; productive force of this concentration\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep528\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch10.htm#p533\"\u003eGeneral as distinct from particular conditions of production\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep533\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch10.htm#p533\"\u003eTransport to market (spatial condition of circulation) belongs in the production process\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep533\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch10.htm#p534\"\u003eCredit, the temporal moment of circulation\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep534\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch10.htm#p536\"\u003eCapital is circulating capital\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep536\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch10.htm#p537\"\u003eInfluence of circulation on the determination of value; circulation time = time of devaluation\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep537\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch10.htm#p540\"\u003eDifference between the capitalist mode of production and all earlier ones (universality, propagandistic nature)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep540\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch10.htm#p543\"\u003e(Capital itself is the contradiction)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep543\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch10.htm#p544\"\u003eCirculation and creation of value\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep544\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch10.htm#p547\"\u003eCapital not a source of value-creation\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep547\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch10.htm#p548\"\u003eContinuity of production presupposes suspension of circulation time\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep548\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch10.htm#p549\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eTheories of Surplus Value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep549-602\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch10.htm#p549\"\u003eRamsay\u0026#8217;s view that capital is its own source of profit\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep549\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch10.htm#p551\"\u003eNo surplus value according to Ricardo\u0026#8217;s law\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep551\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch10.htm#p553\"\u003eRicardo\u0026#8217;s theory of value. Wages and profit\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep553\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch11.htm\"\u003eQuincey\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep557\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch11.htm#p559\"\u003eRicardo\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep559\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch11.htm#p563\"\u003eWakefield. Conditions of capitalist production in colonies\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep563\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch11.htm#p564\"\u003eSurplus value and profit. Example (Malthus)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep564\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch11.htm#p576\"\u003eDifference between labour and labour capacity\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep576\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch11.htm#p579\"\u003eCarey\u0026#8217;s theory of the cheapening of capital for the worker\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep579\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch11.htm#p580\"\u003eCarey\u0026#8217;s theory of the decline of the rate of profit\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep580\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch11.htm#p581\"\u003eWakefield on the contradiction between Ricardo\u0026#8217;s theories of wage labour and of value\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep581\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch11.htm#p582\"\u003eBailey on dormant capital and increase of production without previous increase of capital\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep582\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch11.htm#p584\"\u003eWade\u0026#8217;s explanation of capital. Capital, collective force. Capital, civilization\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep584\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch11.htm#p591\"\u003eRossi. What is capital? Is raw material capital? Are wages necessary for it?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep591\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch11.htm#p595\"\u003eMalthus. Theory of value and of wages\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep595\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch12.htm\"\u003eAim of capitalist production value (money), not commodity, use value etc. Chalmers\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep600\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch12.htm#p602\"\u003eDifference in return. Interruption of the production process. Total duration of the production process. Unequal periods of production\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep602\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch12.htm#p604\"\u003eThe concept of the free labourer contains the pauper. Population and overpopulation\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep604\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch12.htm#p608\"\u003eNecessary labour. Surplus labour. Surplus population. Surplus capital\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep608\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch12.htm#p610\"\u003eAdam Smith: work as sacrifice\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep610\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch12.htm#p614\"\u003eAdam Smith: the origin of profit\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep614\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch12.htm#p616\"\u003eSurplus labour. Profit. Wages\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep616\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch12.htm#p616\"\u003eImmovable capital. Return of capital. Fixed capital. John Stuart Mill\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep616\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch12.htm#p618\"\u003eTurnover of capital. Circulation process. Production process\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep618\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch12.htm#p633\"\u003eCirculation costs. Circulation time\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep633\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch12.htm#p637\"\u003eCapital\u0026#8217;s change of form and of substance; different forms of capital; circulating capital as general character of capital\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep637\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch12.htm#p640\"\u003eFixed (tied down) capital and circulating capital\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep640\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch12.htm#p649\"\u003eConstant and variable capital\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep649\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch12.htm#p649\"\u003eCompetition\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep649\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch13.htm\"\u003eSurplus value. Production time. Circulation time. Turnover time\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep650\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch13.htm#p657\"\u003eCompetition (continued)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep657\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch13.htm#p658\"\u003ePart of capital in production time, part in circulation time\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep658\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch13.htm#p663\"\u003eSurplus value and production phase. Number of reproductions of capital = number of turnovers\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep663\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch13.htm#p667\"\u003eChange of form and of matter in the circulation of capital C\u0026#8211;M\u0026#8211;C. M\u0026#8211;C\u0026#8211;M\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep667\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch13.htm#p668\"\u003eDifference between production time and labour time\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep668\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch13.htm#p671\"\u003eFormation of a mercantile estate; credit\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep671\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch13.htm#p673\"\u003eSmall-scale circulation. The process of exchange between capital and labour capacity generally\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep673\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch13.htm#p678\"\u003eThreefold character, or mode, of circulation\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep678\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch13.htm#p679\"\u003eFixed capital and circulating capital\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep679\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch13.htm#p684\"\u003eInfluence of fixed capital on the total turnover time of capital\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep684\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch13.htm#p690\"\u003eFixed capital. Means of labour. Machine\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep690\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch13.htm#p699\"\u003eTransposition of powers of labour into powers of capital both in fixed and in circulating capital\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep699\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch13.htm#p701\"\u003eTo what extent fixed capital (machine) creates value\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep701\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch14.htm\"\u003eFixed capital \u0026amp; continuity of the production process. Machinery \u0026amp; living labour\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep702\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch14.htm#p704\"\u003eContradiction between the foundation of bourgeois production (value as measure) and its development\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep704\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch14.htm#p707\"\u003eSignificance of the development of fixed capital (for the development of capital generally)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep707\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch14.htm#p708\"\u003eThe chief role of capital is to create disposable time; contradictory form of this in capital\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep708\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch14.htm#p710\"\u003eDurability of fixed capital\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep710\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch14.htm#p711\"\u003eReal saving (economy) = saving of labour time = development of productive force\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep711\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch14.htm#p712\"\u003eTrue conception of the process of social production\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep712\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch14.htm#p712\"\u003eOwen\u0026#8217;s historical conception of industrial (capitalist) production\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep712\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch14.htm#p714\"\u003eCapital and value of natural agencies\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep714\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch14.htm#p715\"\u003eScope of fixed capital indicates the level of capitalist production\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep715\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch14.htm#p716\"\u003eIs money fixed capital or circulating capital?\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep716\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch14.htm#p717\"\u003eTurnover time of capital consisting of fixed capital and circulating capital. Reproduction time of fixed capital\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep717\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch14.htm#p723\"\u003eThe same commodity sometimes circulating capital, sometimes fixed capital\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep723\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch14.htm#p726\"\u003eEvery moment which is a presupposition of production is at the same time its result, in that it reproduces its own conditions\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep726\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch14.htm#p727\"\u003eThe counter-value of circulating capital must be produced within the year. Not so for fixed capital. It engages the production of subsequent years\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep727\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch14.htm#p732\"\u003eMaintenance costs of fixed capital\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep732\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch14.htm#p732\"\u003eRevenue of fixed capital and circulating capital\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep732\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch14.htm#p735\"\u003eFree labour = latent pauperism. Eden\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep735\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch14.htm#p737\"\u003eThe smaller the value of fixed capital in relation to its product, the more useful\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep737\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch14.htm#p739\"\u003eMovable and immovable, fixed and circulating\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep739\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch14.htm#p741\"\u003eConnection of circulation and reproduction\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep741\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch15.htm\"\u003eSECTION THREE: CAPITAL AS FRUCTIFEROUS.\u003cbr\u003eTRANSFORMATION OF SURPLUS VALUE INTO PROFIT\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep745-778\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch15.htm\"\u003eRate of profit. Fall of the rate of profit\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep745\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch15.htm#p753\"\u003eSurplus value as profit always expresses a lesser proportion\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep753\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch15.htm#p754\"\u003eWakefield, Carey and Bastiat on the rate of profit\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep754\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch15.htm#p758\"\u003eCapital and revenue (profit). Production and distribution. Sismondi\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep758\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch15.htm#p762\"\u003eTransformation of surplus value into profit\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep762\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch15.htm#p762\"\u003eLaws of this transformation\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep762\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch15.htm#p764\"\u003eSurplus value = relation of surplus labour to necessary labour\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep764\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch15.htm#p765\"\u003eValue of fixed capital and its productive power\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep765\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch15.htm#p767\"\u003eMachinery and surplus labour. Recapitulation of the doctrine of surplus value generally\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep767\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch15.htm#p771\"\u003eRelation between the objective conditions of production. Change in the proportion of the component parts of capital\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep771\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch15.htm#p778\"\u003eMISCELLANEOUS\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep778-880\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch15.htm#p778\"\u003eMoney and fixed capital: presupposes a certain amount of wealth. Relation of fixed capital and circulating capital. (\u003cem\u003eEconomist\u003c/em\u003e)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep778\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch15.htm#p778\"\u003eSlavery and wage labour; profit upon alienation (Steuart)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep778\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch15.htm#p781\"\u003eSteuart, Montanari and Gouge on money\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep781\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch15.htm#p783\"\u003eThe wool industry in England since Elizabeth; silk-manufacture; iron; cotton\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep783\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch15.htm#p785\"\u003eOrigin of free wage labour. Vagabondage. (Tuckett)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep785\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch15.htm#p786\"\u003eBlake on accumulation and rate of profit; dormant capital\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep786\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch15.htm#p788\"\u003eDomestic agriculture at the beginning of the sixteenth century. (Tuckett)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep788\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch15.htm#p789\"\u003eProfit. Interest. Influence of machinery on the wage fund. (\u003cem\u003eWestminster Review\u003c/em\u003e)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep789\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch15.htm#p789\"\u003eMoney as measure of values and yardstick of prices. Critique of theories of the standard measure of money\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep789\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch16.htm\"\u003eTransformation of the medium of circulation into money. Formation of treasures. Means of payment. Prices of commodities and quantity of circulating money. Value of money\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep805\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch16.htm#p816\"\u003eCapital, not labour, determines the value of money. (Torrens)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep816\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch16.htm#p817\"\u003eThe minimum of wages\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep817\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch16.htm#p818\"\u003eCotton machinery and working men in 1826. (Hodgskin)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep818\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch16.htm#p818\"\u003eHow the machine creates raw material. (\u003cem\u003eEconomist\u003c/em\u003e) \u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep818\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch16.htm#p819\"\u003eMachinery and surplus labour\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep819\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch16.htm#p821\"\u003eCapital and profit. Relation of the worker to the conditions of labour in capitalist production. All parts of capital bring a profit\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep821\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch16.htm#p825\"\u003eTendency of the machine to prolong labour\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep825\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch16.htm#p826\"\u003eCotton factories in England. Example for machinery and surplus labour\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep826\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch16.htm#p828\"\u003eExamples from Glasgow for the rate of profit\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep828\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch16.htm#p831\"\u003eAlienation of the conditions of labour with the development of capital. Inversion\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep831\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch16.htm#p833\"\u003eMerivale. Natural dependence of the worker in colonies to be replaced by artificial restrictions\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep833\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch16.htm#p834\"\u003eHow the machine saves material. Bread. D\u0026#8217;eau de la Malle\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep834\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch16.htm#p836\"\u003eDevelopment of money and interest\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep836\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch16.htm#p840\"\u003eProductive consumption. Newman. Transformations of capital. Economic cycle\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep840\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch16.htm#p842\"\u003eDr Price. Innate power of capital\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep842\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch16.htm#p843\"\u003eProudhon. Capital and simple exchange. Surplus\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep843\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch16.htm#p845\"\u003eNecessity of the worker\u0026#8217;s propertylessness\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep845\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch16.htm#p846\"\u003eGaliani\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep846\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch16.htm#p848\"\u003eTheory of savings. Storch\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep848\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch16.htm#p849\"\u003eMacCulloch. Surplus. Profit\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep849\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch16.htm#p850\"\u003eArnd. Natural interest\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep850\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch17.htm\"\u003eInterest and profit. Carey\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep851\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch17.htm#p855\"\u003eHow merchant takes the place of master\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep855\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch17.htm#p856\"\u003eMerchant wealth\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep856\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch17.htm#p861\"\u003eCommerce with equivalents impossible. Opdyke\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep861\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch17.htm#p862\"\u003ePrincipal and interest\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep862\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch17.htm#p862\"\u003eDouble standard\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep862\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch17.htm#p864\"\u003eOn money\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep864\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch17.htm#p867\"\u003eJames Mill\u0026#8217;s false theory of prices\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep867\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch17.htm#p870\"\u003eRicardo on currency\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep870\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch17.htm#p871\"\u003eOn money\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep871\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch17.htm#p872\"\u003eTheory of foreign trade. Two nations may exchange according to the law of profit in such a way that both gain, but one is always defrauded\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep872\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch17.htm#p872\"\u003eMoney in its third role, as money\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep872\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch17.htm#value\"\u003e(I) VALUE (This section to be brought forward)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep881\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch17.htm#bastiat\"\u003eBASTIAT AND CAREY\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep883-893\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch17.htm#p883\"\u003eBastiat\u0026#8217;s economic harmonies\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep883\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003ca href=\"ch17.htm#wages\"\u003eBastiat on wages\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\t\u003ctd\u003ep889\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\r\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\r\n\u003c/TABLE\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#160;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n \r\n\u003chr\u003e\r\n\n \u003c/article\u003e"},{"Kind":"TextSection","Title":"Core Thesis","Paragraphs":["Marx develops notebooks on production, circulation, money, capital, labor, history, precapitalist forms, and method."]},{"Kind":"FieldSection","Title":"Classification","Fields":[{"Label":"Alternate Titles","Value":"Foundations of the Critique of Political Economy; Grundrisse"},{"Label":"Key Concepts","Value":"Grundrisse; capital; labor; production; circulation; method; precapitalist formations; value"},{"Label":"Methodology","Value":"Historical-materialist analysis, critique of political economy, dialectical critique, philosophical polemic, archival manuscript work, journalism, and social theory."},{"Label":"Structure","Value":"The page records an approved Marx work with explicit year, source evidence, and visible coauthorship, manuscript, posthumous, or Engels-edited status where needed."}]},{"Kind":"TextSection","Title":"Arguments","Paragraphs":["Marx develops notebooks on production, circulation, money, capital, labor, history, precapitalist forms, and method."]},{"Kind":"FieldSection","Title":"Influence","Fields":[{"Label":"Influenced By","Value":"Hegel, Feuerbach, Adam Smith, David Ricardo, Aristotle, Epicurus, French socialism, British political economy, and nineteenth-century revolutionary politics."},{"Label":"Influence On","Value":"Marxism, socialism, communism, critical theory, labor movements, political economy, sociology, social philosophy, philosophy of history, and twentieth-century continental thought."}]},{"Kind":"TextSection","Title":"Significance","Paragraphs":["Included as one of the twenty-seven direct Karl Marx work pages approved for the Karl Marx full-process repair.","The work anchors Marx\u0027s continuing relevance for capitalism, labor, alienation, class, ideology, religion critique, political economy, state power, social transformation, and historical explanation."]},{"Kind":"TextSection","Title":"Evidence Note","Paragraphs":["Accepted as a direct manuscript cluster through MEGA, Marxists archive, catalog, and scholarship evidence; HasFullText remains false."]}],"SectionSequence":["Back Link","Work Title","Deck","Author","Period","Era","Composition","Date Note","Region","Terra Avita","Terra Avita Region","Modern Country","Original Title","Language","Primary Discipline","Secondary Discipline","Tradition","Full Text","Core Thesis","Classification","Arguments","Influence","Significance","Evidence Note"],"Counts":{"ContextCards":3,"GeoCards":4,"DisciplineCards":2,"Links":11,"Sections":24,"Styles":2,"Scripts":1}}