Laozi
{"TemplateVersion":1,"WpPageId":189538,"ParentWpPageId":159379,"Slug":"laozi","Title":"Laozi","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/laozi/","Kicker":"Philosopher Profile","DisplayTitle":"Laozi","Deck":"Legendary early Daoist figure associated with the Daodejing, Dao, de, wuwei, ziran, simplicity, anti-coercive rule, and later religious Daoist veneration as Taishang Laojun.","BackLink":{"Text":"Back to Philosophers","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/"},"ContextCards":[{"Label":"Period","Title":"Ancient History","DateText":"3000 BCE – 499 CE","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/eras-of-thought/philosophers-of-ancient-history/"},{"Label":"Era","Title":"Iron Age","DateText":"1200 BCE – 501 BCE","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/eras-of-thought/philosophers-of-ancient-history/philosophers-of-the-iron-age/"},{"Label":"Born","Title":"600 BCE","DateText":"","Url":""},{"Label":"Died","Title":"501 BCE","DateText":"","Url":""}],"GeoCards":[{"Label":"Region","Key":"Region:2"},{"Label":"Terra Avita","Key":"TerraAvita:10"},{"Label":"Terra Avita Region","Key":"TerraAvitaRegion:42"},{"Label":"Modern Country","Key":"Country:CHN:10"}],"School":{"Label":"School","Title":"Daoism","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/schools/daoism/","Deck":"Chinese Daoist philosophical tradition centered on the dao, de, wuwei, ziran, non-coercive action, naturalness, spontaneity, embodied skill, political minimalism, language skepticism, and critique of artificial norms.","Ring":"#000000","TerraRing":"#000000"},"Birthplace":{"Title":"traditionally Ku County, state of Chu, near modern Luyi, Henan; historicity uncertain"},"Images":[{"ImageMasterId":288,"ImageOrdinal":1,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/laozi-01-traditional-portrait-3.jpg","Alt":"Traditional portrait of Laozi","Caption":"Traditional portrait of Laozi","Description":"A traditional painted portrait presents Laozi as the Old Master. Laozi, Lao Tzu, Lao-Tzu, Lao Dan, Li Er, Old Master, Daodejing, Dao De Jing, Tao Te Ching, wu wei, ziran, pu, 老子, 老聃, 李耳, 李聃, 伯陽, and 太上老君.","WpMediaId":191236,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Laozi.jpg","SourceImageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Laozi.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Laozi\\laozi-01-traditional-portrait.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":289,"ImageOrdinal":2,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/laozi-02-riding-ox-2.jpg","Alt":"Laozi riding an ox","Caption":"Laozi riding an ox","Description":"Zhang Lu shows Laozi riding an ox, the standard westward departure scene. Laozi, Lao Tzu, Lao-Tzu, Lao Dan, Li Er, Old Master, Daodejing, Dao De Jing, Tao Te Ching, wu wei, ziran, pu, 老子, 老聃, 李耳, 李聃, 伯陽, and 太上老君.","WpMediaId":191237,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zhang_Lu-Laozi_Riding_an_Ox_(cropped).jpg","SourceImageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Zhang_Lu-Laozi_Riding_an_Ox_%28cropped%29.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Laozi\\laozi-02-riding-ox.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":290,"ImageOrdinal":3,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/laozi-03-mokkei-3.jpg","Alt":"Laozi by Mokkei","Caption":"Laozi by Mokkei","Description":"Mokkei presents Laozi in an East Asian painted reception tradition. Laozi, Lao Tzu, Lao-Tzu, Lao Dan, Li Er, Old Master, Daodejing, Dao De Jing, Tao Te Ching, wu wei, ziran, pu, 老子, 老聃, 李耳, 李聃, 伯陽, and 太上老君.","WpMediaId":191238,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Laozi_by_Mokkei_(Okayama_Prefectural_Museum_of_Art).jpg","SourceImageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Laozi_by_Mokkei_%28Okayama_Prefectural_Museum_of_Art%29.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Laozi\\laozi-03-mokkei.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":291,"ImageOrdinal":4,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/laozi-04-engraving-3.jpg","Alt":"Laozi engraved portrait","Caption":"Laozi engraved portrait","Description":"An engraved portrait accompanies English Tao Te Ching transmission. Laozi, Lao Tzu, Lao-Tzu, Lao Dan, Li Er, Old Master, Daodejing, Dao De Jing, Tao Te Ching, wu wei, ziran, pu, 老子, 老聃, 李耳, 李聃, 伯陽, and 太上老君.","WpMediaId":191239,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lao_Tzu_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_15250.jpg","SourceImageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Lao_Tzu_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_15250.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Laozi\\laozi-04-engraving.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":292,"ImageOrdinal":5,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/laozi-05-qing-statue-2.jpg","Alt":"Qing-era statue of Laozi","Caption":"Qing-era statue of Laozi","Description":"A Qing-era statue represents Laozi within later Daoist visual culture. Laozi, Lao Tzu, Lao-Tzu, Lao Dan, Li Er, Old Master, Daodejing, Dao De Jing, Tao Te Ching, wu wei, ziran, pu, 老子, 老聃, 李耳, 李聃, 伯陽, and 太上老君.","WpMediaId":191240,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Qing_Laozi_Statue_(9974198566).jpg","SourceImageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Qing_Laozi_Statue_%289974198566%29.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Laozi\\laozi-05-qing-statue.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":3194,"ImageOrdinal":6,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/laozi-06-delivering-daodejing.jpg","Alt":"Laozi delivering the Daodejing","Caption":"Laozi delivering the Daodejing","Description":"Laozi presents the Daodejing in a traditional departure narrative. Laozi, Lao Tzu, Lao-Tzu, Lao Dan, Li Er, Old Master, Daodejing, Dao De Jing, Tao Te Ching, wu wei, ziran, pu, 老子, 老聃, 李耳, 李聃, 伯陽, and 太上老君.","WpMediaId":282951,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Laozi_Delivering_the_Daodejing.jpg","SourceImageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Laozi_Delivering_the_Daodejing.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Laozi\\laozi-06-delivering-daodejing.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":3195,"ImageOrdinal":7,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/laozi-07-northern-wei-laozi-with-attendants.jpg","Alt":"Northern Wei Laozi with attendants","Caption":"Northern Wei Laozi with attendants","Description":"A Northern Wei limestone relief places Laozi with attendants in early devotional reception. Laozi, Lao Tzu, Lao-Tzu, Lao Dan, Li Er, Old Master, Daodejing, Dao De Jing, Tao Te Ching, wu wei, ziran, pu, 老子, 老聃, 李耳, 李聃, 伯陽, and 太上老君.","WpMediaId":282952,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Laozi_with_attendants,_front,_China,_Shaanxi_province,_Xiangu,_near_X%27ian,_Northern_Wei_dynasty,_c._500-535_AD,_limestone_-_%C3%96stasiatiska_museet,_Stockholm_-_DSC09390.JPG","SourceImageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Laozi_with_attendants%2C_front%2C_China%2C_Shaanxi_province%2C_Xiangu%2C_near_X%27ian%2C_Northern_Wei_dynasty%2C_c._500-535_AD%2C_limestone_-_%C3%96stasiatiska_museet%2C_Stockholm_-_DSC09390.JPG","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Laozi\\laozi-07-northern-wei-laozi-with-attendants.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":3196,"ImageOrdinal":8,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/laozi-08-mawangdui-laozi-silk-manuscript.jpg","Alt":"Mawangdui Laozi silk manuscript","Caption":"Mawangdui Laozi silk manuscript","Description":"A Mawangdui silk manuscript preserves an early Laozi textual witness. Laozi, Lao Tzu, Lao-Tzu, Lao Dan, Li Er, Old Master, Daodejing, Dao De Jing, Tao Te Ching, wu wei, ziran, pu, 老子, 老聃, 李耳, 李聃, 伯陽, and 太上老君.","WpMediaId":282953,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mawangdui_LaoTsu_Ms2.JPG","SourceImageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Mawangdui_LaoTsu_Ms2.JPG","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Laozi\\laozi-08-mawangdui-laozi-silk-manuscript.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":3197,"ImageOrdinal":9,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/laozi-09-guodian-laozi-jia-bamboo-slips.jpg","Alt":"Guodian Laozi Jia manuscript","Caption":"Guodian Laozi Jia manuscript","Description":"An early Laozi Jia manuscript preserves part of the Daodejing tradition. Laozi, Lao Tzu, Lao-Tzu, Lao Dan, Li Er, Old Master, Daodejing, Dao De Jing, Tao Te Ching, wu wei, ziran, pu, 老子, 老聃, 李耳, 李聃, 伯陽, and 太上老君.","WpMediaId":282954,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E9%83%AD%E5%BA%97%E6%A5%9A%E7%AE%80%E3%80%8A%E8%80%81%E5%AD%90%E7%94%B2%E3%80%8B.jpg","SourceImageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/%E9%83%AD%E5%BA%97%E6%A5%9A%E7%AE%80%E3%80%8A%E8%80%81%E5%AD%90%E7%94%B2%E3%80%8B.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Laozi\\laozi-09-guodian-laozi-jia-bamboo-slips.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":3198,"ImageOrdinal":10,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/laozi-10-guodian-laozi-yi-bamboo-slips.jpg","Alt":"Guodian Laozi Yi manuscript","Caption":"Guodian Laozi Yi manuscript","Description":"An early Laozi Yi manuscript preserves part of the Daodejing tradition. Laozi, Lao Tzu, Lao-Tzu, Lao Dan, Li Er, Old Master, Daodejing, Dao De Jing, Tao Te Ching, wu wei, ziran, pu, 老子, 老聃, 李耳, 李聃, 伯陽, and 太上老君.","WpMediaId":282955,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E9%83%AD%E5%BA%97%E6%A5%9A%E7%AE%80%E3%80%8A%E8%80%81%E5%AD%90%E4%B9%99%E3%80%8B01826.jpg","SourceImageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/%E9%83%AD%E5%BA%97%E6%A5%9A%E7%AE%80%E3%80%8A%E8%80%81%E5%AD%90%E4%B9%99%E3%80%8B01826.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Laozi\\laozi-10-guodian-laozi-yi-bamboo-slips.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":3199,"ImageOrdinal":11,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/laozi-11-guodian-laozi-bing-bamboo-slips.jpg","Alt":"Guodian Laozi Bing manuscript","Caption":"Guodian Laozi Bing manuscript","Description":"An early Laozi Bing manuscript preserves part of the Daodejing tradition. Laozi, Lao Tzu, Lao-Tzu, Lao Dan, Li Er, Old Master, Daodejing, Dao De Jing, Tao Te Ching, wu wei, ziran, pu, 老子, 老聃, 李耳, 李聃, 伯陽, and 太上老君.","WpMediaId":282956,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E9%83%AD%E5%BA%97%E6%A5%9A%E7%AE%80%E3%80%8A%E8%80%81%E5%AD%90%E4%B8%99%E3%80%8B.jpg","SourceImageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/%E9%83%AD%E5%BA%97%E6%A5%9A%E7%AE%80%E3%80%8A%E8%80%81%E5%AD%90%E4%B8%99%E3%80%8B.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Laozi\\laozi-11-guodian-laozi-bing-bamboo-slips.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":3200,"ImageOrdinal":12,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/laozi-12-ming-laozi-preaching-dao.jpg","Alt":"Ming Laozi preaching Dao","Caption":"Ming Laozi preaching Dao","Description":"A Ming work presents Laozi teaching Dao in later reception. Laozi, Lao Tzu, Lao-Tzu, Lao Dan, Li Er, Old Master, Daodejing, Dao De Jing, Tao Te Ching, wu wei, ziran, pu, 老子, 老聃, 李耳, 李聃, 伯陽, and 太上老君.","WpMediaId":282957,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ming_Laozi_Preaching_Dao_(9974198166).jpg","SourceImageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Ming_Laozi_Preaching_Dao_%289974198166%29.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Laozi\\laozi-12-ming-laozi-preaching-dao.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":9660,"ImageOrdinal":13,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/laozi-00-ensemble-de-statues-a-budapest-jpg.jpg","Alt":"Laozi statue group in Budapest","Caption":"Laozi statue group in Budapest","Description":"This public statue group includes a figure representing Laozi and is useful as a modern commemorative depiction of the Daoist philosopher.","WpMediaId":319391,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ensemble_de_statues_à_Budapest.jpg","SourceImageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Ensemble_de_statues_%C3%A0_Budapest.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Laozi\\laozi-00-ensemble-de-statues-a-budapest-jpg.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":9661,"ImageOrdinal":14,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/laozi-00-laozi-statue-tai-lake-jpg.jpg","Alt":"Laozi statue at Tai Lake","Caption":"Laozi statue at Tai Lake","Description":"This monumental statue depicts Laozi as an aged sage and is a direct sculptural image for the Daoist philosopher's profile.","WpMediaId":319392,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Laozi_Statue,Tai_Lake.jpg","SourceImageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Laozi_Statue%2CTai_Lake.jpg/1920px-Laozi_Statue%2CTai_Lake.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Laozi\\laozi-00-laozi-statue-tai-lake-jpg.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":9662,"ImageOrdinal":15,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/laozi-00-lao-tze-statue-louguantai-temple-jpg.jpg","Alt":"Laozi statue at Louguantai Temple","Caption":"Laozi statue at Louguantai Temple","Description":"This landscape view shows a Laozi statue at Louguantai Temple, a site traditionally associated with Daoist memory and Laozi's teaching.","WpMediaId":319393,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lao_Tze_statue,_Louguantai_Temple.jpg","SourceImageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Lao_Tze_statue%2C_Louguantai_Temple.jpg/1920px-Lao_Tze_statue%2C_Louguantai_Temple.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Laozi\\laozi-00-lao-tze-statue-louguantai-temple-jpg.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":9663,"ImageOrdinal":16,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/laozi-00-stone-sculpture-laozi-in-the-pose-of-the-buddha-564-ce-northern-zhou-period-557-581-ce-shaanxi-province-jpg.jpg","Alt":"Northern Zhou stone sculpture of Laozi in Buddha pose","Caption":"Northern Zhou stone sculpture of Laozi in Buddha pose","Description":"This 564 CE stone sculpture represents Laozi in a Buddhist pose, documenting the historical visual blending of Daoist and Buddhist traditions around Laozi.","WpMediaId":319394,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stone_sculpture_Laozi_in_the_pose_of_the_Buddha_564_CE_Northern_Zhou_period_(557-581_CE_Shaanxi_Province.jpg","SourceImageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Stone_sculpture_Laozi_in_the_pose_of_the_Buddha_564_CE_Northern_Zhou_period_%28557-581_CE_Shaanxi_Province.jpg/1920px-Stone_sculpture_Laozi_in_the_pose_of_the_Buddha_564_CE_Northern_Zhou_period_%28557-581_CE_Shaanxi_Province.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Laozi\\laozi-00-stone-sculpture-laozi-in-the-pose-of-the-buddha-564-ce-northern-zhou-period-557-581-ce-shaanxi-province-jpg.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":9664,"ImageOrdinal":17,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/laozi-00-statue-of-lao-tzu-in-quanzhou-jpg.jpg","Alt":"Laozi statue in Quanzhou","Caption":"Laozi statue in Quanzhou","Description":"This outdoor statue depicts Laozi as an aged sage and provides a direct sculptural image for the Daoist philosopher's profile.","WpMediaId":319395,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Statue_of_Lao_Tzu_in_Quanzhou.jpg","SourceImageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Statue_of_Lao_Tzu_in_Quanzhou.jpg/1920px-Statue_of_Lao_Tzu_in_Quanzhou.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Laozi\\laozi-00-statue-of-lao-tzu-in-quanzhou-jpg.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":9665,"ImageOrdinal":18,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/laozi-00-lao-tzu-png.png","Alt":"Traditional portrait of Laozi","Caption":"Traditional portrait of Laozi","Description":"This painted portrait presents Laozi as an elderly sage in traditional robes and is suitable as a reception depiction rather than a historical likeness.","WpMediaId":319396,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lao_Tzu.png","SourceImageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Lao_Tzu.png","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Laozi\\laozi-00-lao-tzu-png.png"},{"ImageMasterId":9666,"ImageOrdinal":19,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/laozi-00-baby-laozi-qingyanggong-chengdu-jpg.jpg","Alt":"Baby Laozi mural at Qingyanggong, Chengdu","Caption":"Baby Laozi mural at Qingyanggong, Chengdu","Description":"This temple mural depicts the legendary birth or infancy of Laozi, connecting the profile to Daoist narrative and devotional imagery.","WpMediaId":319397,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Baby_Laozi_Qingyanggong_Chengdu.jpg","SourceImageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Baby_Laozi_Qingyanggong_Chengdu.jpg/1920px-Baby_Laozi_Qingyanggong_Chengdu.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Laozi\\laozi-00-baby-laozi-qingyanggong-chengdu-jpg.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":9667,"ImageOrdinal":20,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/laozi-00-lao-zi-by-ikarashi-shunmei-jpg.jpg","Alt":"Ikarashi Shunmei depiction of Laozi","Caption":"Ikarashi Shunmei depiction of Laozi","Description":"This artwork by Ikarashi Shunmei depicts Laozi riding an ox, a familiar traditional motif in Laozi iconography.","WpMediaId":319398,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lao_Zi_by_Ikarashi_Shunmei.jpg","SourceImageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Lao_Zi_by_Ikarashi_Shunmei.jpg/1920px-Lao_Zi_by_Ikarashi_Shunmei.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Laozi\\laozi-00-lao-zi-by-ikarashi-shunmei-jpg.jpg"}],"Video":{"Title":"","Iframes":[]},"HasVideo":false,"IdentityFields":[{"Label":"Full Name","Value":"Laozi"},{"Label":"Native Name","Value":"老子"},{"Label":"Other Names","Value":"Lao Tzu; Lao-Tzu; Lao Tse; Lao-Tse; Lao Tseu; Lao Zi; Lao Dan; Laodan; Li Er; Li Dan; Li Boyang; Boyang; Old Master; author of the Daodejing; Daodejing Laozi; Taishang Laojun; 老聃; 李耳; 李聃; 伯陽; 伯阳; 太上老君"},{"Label":"Sex","Value":"Male"},{"Label":"Nationality","Value":"Chinese / early Daoist philosophy and Warring States textual tradition"},{"Label":"Religion","Value":"Daoist tradition / philosophical Daoism, Dao, de, and later religious Daoist veneration"},{"Label":"Mother","Value":"unknown"},{"Label":"Father","Value":"unknown"}],"MajorWorks":[{"Title":"Daodejing / Laozi / Tao Te Ching","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/laozi/daodejing/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":true,"Copies":["300 BCE","Full text available","The Daodejing presents Dao as the generative, nameless source and pattern of reality; praises de, wuwei, ziran, and pu; and recommends restrained, non-coercive rule, simplicity, humility, and return from artificial excess."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"300 BCE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"Full text available","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy dz-philo__work-full-text","Style":"font:700 12px/1.4 var(–ui);letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6f5613"},{"Text":"The Daodejing presents Dao as the generative, nameless source and pattern of reality; praises de, wuwei, ziran, and pu; and recommends restrained, non-coercive 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