Ludwig Wittgenstein
{"TemplateVersion":1,"WpPageId":189686,"ParentWpPageId":159379,"Slug":"ludwig-wittgenstein","Title":"Ludwig Wittgenstein","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/ludwig-wittgenstein/","Kicker":"Philosopher Profile","DisplayTitle":"Ludwig Wittgenstein","Deck":"Austrian-British analytic philosopher whose Tractatus, later ordinary-language method, language-games, private-language arguments, and remarks on mathematics, certainty, mind, aesthetics, ethics, and religious language reshaped twentieth-century philosophy.","BackLink":{"Text":"Back to Philosophers","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/"},"ContextCards":[{"Label":"Period","Title":"Contemporary History","DateText":"1945 CE – 2065 CE","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/eras-of-thought/philosophers-of-contemporary-history/"},{"Label":"Era","Title":"World War Era","DateText":"1914 CE – 1944 CE","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/eras-of-thought/philosophers-of-modern-history/philosophers-of-the-world-war-era/"},{"Label":"Born","Title":"1889 CE","DateText":"","Url":""},{"Label":"Died","Title":"1951 CE","DateText":"","Url":""}],"GeoCards":[{"Label":"Region","Key":"Region:1"},{"Label":"Terra Avita","Key":"TerraAvita:1"},{"Label":"Terra Avita Region","Key":"TerraAvitaRegion:3"},{"Label":"Modern Country","Key":"Country:AUT:1"}],"School":{"Label":"School","Title":"Analytic Philosophy","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/schools/analytic-philosophy/","Deck":"Late nineteenth- and twentieth-century philosophical tradition centered on logical analysis, argumentative clarity, language, meaning, science, mathematics, mind, metaphysics, and naturalized inquiry.","Ring":"#8A5A2E","TerraRing":"#8A5A2E"},"Birthplace":{"Title":"Vienna, Austria-Hungary"},"Images":[{"ImageMasterId":3437,"ImageOrdinal":1,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/ludwig-wittgenstein-01-ludwig-wittgenstein-portrait.jpg","Alt":"Ludwig Wittgenstein, photographic portrait.","Caption":"Ludwig Wittgenstein, photographic portrait.","Description":"Ludwig Wittgenstein, photographic portrait.","WpMediaId":283647,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ludwig_Wittgenstein.jpg","SourceImageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Ludwig_Wittgenstein.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Ludwig-Wittgenstein\\ludwig-wittgenstein-01-ludwig-wittgenstein-portrait.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":326,"ImageOrdinal":2,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/ludwig-wittgenstein-02-historic-1.jpg","Alt":"Portrait of Ludwig Wittgenstein.","Caption":"Portrait of Ludwig Wittgenstein.","Description":"Portrait of Ludwig Wittgenstein.","WpMediaId":191442,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:35._Portrait_of_Wittgenstein.jpg","SourceImageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/35._Portrait_of_Wittgenstein.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Ludwig-Wittgenstein\\ludwig-wittgenstein-02-historic.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":3438,"ImageOrdinal":3,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/ludwig-wittgenstein-03-ludwig-wittgenstein-1929.jpg","Alt":"Ludwig Wittgenstein in 1929.","Caption":"Ludwig Wittgenstein in 1929.","Description":"Ludwig Wittgenstein in 1929.","WpMediaId":283648,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ludwig_Wittgenstein_1929.jpg","SourceImageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Ludwig_Wittgenstein_1929.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Ludwig-Wittgenstein\\ludwig-wittgenstein-03-ludwig-wittgenstein-1929.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":3439,"ImageOrdinal":4,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/ludwig-wittgenstein-04-ludwig-wittgenstein-ca-1946.jpg","Alt":"Ludwig Wittgenstein, circa 1946.","Caption":"Ludwig Wittgenstein, circa 1946.","Description":"Ludwig Wittgenstein, circa 1946.","WpMediaId":283649,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ludwig_Wittgenstein_ca._1946.jpg","SourceImageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/Ludwig_Wittgenstein_ca._1946.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Ludwig-Wittgenstein\\ludwig-wittgenstein-04-ludwig-wittgenstein-ca-1946.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":3440,"ImageOrdinal":5,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/ludwig-wittgenstein-05-l-wittgenstein-portrait.jpg","Alt":"L. Wittgenstein portrait photograph.","Caption":"L. Wittgenstein portrait photograph.","Description":"L. Wittgenstein portrait photograph.","WpMediaId":283650,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:L._Wittgenstein.jpg","SourceImageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/L._Wittgenstein.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Ludwig-Wittgenstein\\ludwig-wittgenstein-05-l-wittgenstein-portrait.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":3441,"ImageOrdinal":6,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/ludwig-wittgenstein-06-wittgenstein-1920.jpg","Alt":"Ludwig Wittgenstein, 1920.","Caption":"Ludwig Wittgenstein, 1920.","Description":"Ludwig Wittgenstein, 1920.","WpMediaId":283651,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wittgenstein1920.jpg","SourceImageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Wittgenstein1920.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Ludwig-Wittgenstein\\ludwig-wittgenstein-06-wittgenstein-1920.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":3442,"ImageOrdinal":7,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/ludwig-wittgenstein-07-ludwig-wittgenstein-1910.jpg","Alt":"Ludwig Wittgenstein in 1910.","Caption":"Ludwig Wittgenstein in 1910.","Description":"Ludwig Wittgenstein in 1910.","WpMediaId":283652,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ludwig_Wittgenstein_1910.jpg","SourceImageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Ludwig_Wittgenstein_1910.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Ludwig-Wittgenstein\\ludwig-wittgenstein-07-ludwig-wittgenstein-1910.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":3443,"ImageOrdinal":8,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/ludwig-wittgenstein-08-wittgenstein-with-pupils-1925.jpg","Alt":"Ludwig Wittgenstein with pupils in 1925.","Caption":"Ludwig Wittgenstein with pupils in 1925.","Description":"Ludwig Wittgenstein with pupils in 1925.","WpMediaId":283653,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wittgenstein_with_his_pupils,_1925.jpg","SourceImageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Wittgenstein_with_his_pupils%2C_1925.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Ludwig-Wittgenstein\\ludwig-wittgenstein-08-wittgenstein-with-pupils-1925.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":3444,"ImageOrdinal":9,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/ludwig-wittgenstein-09-trinity-college-scholarship-conferment.jpg","Alt":"Ludwig Wittgenstein at the conferment of the Trinity College scholarship.","Caption":"Ludwig Wittgenstein at the conferment of the Trinity College scholarship.","Description":"Ludwig Wittgenstein at the conferment of the Trinity College scholarship.","WpMediaId":283654,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ludwig_Wittgenstein_conferment_of_the_Trinity_College_scholarship.jpg","SourceImageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Ludwig_Wittgenstein_conferment_of_the_Trinity_College_scholarship.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Ludwig-Wittgenstein\\ludwig-wittgenstein-09-trinity-college-scholarship-conferment.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":3445,"ImageOrdinal":10,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/ludwig-wittgenstein-10-tractatus-title-page-1922-harcourt.png","Alt":"Title page of the 1922 Harcourt edition of the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus.","Caption":"Title page of the 1922 Harcourt edition of the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus.","Description":"Title page of the 1922 Harcourt edition of the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus.","WpMediaId":283655,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tractatus_title_page_1922_Harcourt.png","SourceImageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Tractatus_title_page_1922_Harcourt.png","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Ludwig-Wittgenstein\\ludwig-wittgenstein-10-tractatus-title-page-1922-harcourt.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":3446,"ImageOrdinal":11,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/ludwig-wittgenstein-11-tractatus-first-page-1922-harcourt.png","Alt":"First page of the 1922 Harcourt edition of the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus.","Caption":"First page of the 1922 Harcourt edition of the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus.","Description":"First page of the 1922 Harcourt edition of the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus.","WpMediaId":283656,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tractatus_first_page_1922_Harcourt.png","SourceImageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Tractatus_first_page_1922_Harcourt.png","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Ludwig-Wittgenstein\\ludwig-wittgenstein-11-tractatus-first-page-1922-harcourt.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":3447,"ImageOrdinal":12,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/ludwig-wittgenstein-12-philosophical-investigations-1953.jpg","Alt":"Title image for Philosophical Investigations, 1953.","Caption":"Title image for Philosophical Investigations, 1953.","Description":"Title image for Philosophical Investigations, 1953.","WpMediaId":283657,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ludwig_Wittgenstein_-_Philosophical_Investigations,_1953.jpg","SourceImageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Ludwig_Wittgenstein_-_Philosophical_Investigations%2C_1953.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Ludwig-Wittgenstein\\ludwig-wittgenstein-12-philosophical-investigations-1953.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":9682,"ImageOrdinal":13,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/ludwig-wittgenstein-00-ludwig-wittgenstein-pencil-on-board-jpg.jpg","Alt":"Pencil portrait of Ludwig Wittgenstein","Caption":"Pencil portrait of Ludwig Wittgenstein","Description":"This pencil portrait shows Wittgenstein in side view and gives the profile a drawn likeness distinct from photographic portraits.","WpMediaId":319413,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ludwig_Wittgenstein,_Pencil_on_board.jpg","SourceImageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Ludwig_Wittgenstein%2C_Pencil_on_board.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Ludwig-Wittgenstein\\ludwig-wittgenstein-00-ludwig-wittgenstein-pencil-on-board-jpg.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":9683,"ImageOrdinal":14,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/ludwig-wittgenstein-00-21-photographs-showing-wittgenstein-s-house-in-norway-cropped-jpg.jpg","Alt":"Wittgenstein's Norway house","Caption":"Wittgenstein's Norway house","Description":"This photograph shows Wittgenstein's house in Norway, a site directly associated with his work and periods of philosophical retreat.","WpMediaId":319414,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:21._Photographs_showing_Wittgenstein’s_house_in_Norway_(cropped).jpg","SourceImageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/21._Photographs_showing_Wittgenstein%E2%80%99s_house_in_Norway_%28cropped%29.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Ludwig-Wittgenstein\\ludwig-wittgenstein-00-21-photographs-showing-wittgenstein-s-house-in-norway-cropped-jpg.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":9684,"ImageOrdinal":15,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/ludwig-wittgenstein-00-28-wittgenstein-s-room-in-the-guest-house-zum-braunen-hirschen-trattenbach-jpg.jpg","Alt":"Wittgenstein's room in Trattenbach","Caption":"Wittgenstein's room in Trattenbach","Description":"This photograph shows Wittgenstein's room in the guest-house Zum Braunen Hirschen in Trattenbach, a biographical site connected to his teaching period.","WpMediaId":319415,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:28._Wittgenstein’s_room_in_the_guest-house_‘Zum_Braunen_Hirschen’,_Trattenbach.jpg","SourceImageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/28._Wittgenstein%E2%80%99s_room_in_the_guest-house_%E2%80%98Zum_Braunen_Hirschen%E2%80%99%2C_Trattenbach.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Ludwig-Wittgenstein\\ludwig-wittgenstein-00-28-wittgenstein-s-room-in-the-guest-house-zum-braunen-hirschen-trattenbach-jpg.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":9685,"ImageOrdinal":16,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/ludwig-wittgenstein-00-22-photographs-showing-wittgenstein-s-house-in-norway-jpg.jpg","Alt":"Wittgenstein sketch map of the Norway house location","Caption":"Wittgenstein sketch map of the Norway house location","Description":"This hand-drawn map connected to Wittgenstein's Norway house is relevant as a documentary site image for his life and working environment.","WpMediaId":319416,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:22._Photographs_showing_Wittgenstein’s_house_in_Norway.jpg","SourceImageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/22._Photographs_showing_Wittgenstein%E2%80%99s_house_in_Norway.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Ludwig-Wittgenstein\\ludwig-wittgenstein-00-22-photographs-showing-wittgenstein-s-house-in-norway-jpg.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":9686,"ImageOrdinal":17,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/ludwig-wittgenstein-00-ludwig-wittgenstein-skjolden-norge-2024-vadim-chuprina-jpg.jpg","Alt":"Skjolden landscape associated with Wittgenstein","Caption":"Skjolden landscape associated with Wittgenstein","Description":"This landscape photograph shows the Skjolden setting associated with Wittgenstein's Norwegian retreat, useful as contextual site imagery for his work.","WpMediaId":319417,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ludwig_Wittgenstein_Skjolden_Norge_2024_Vadim_Chuprina.jpg","SourceImageUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Ludwig_Wittgenstein_Skjolden_Norge_2024_Vadim_Chuprina.jpg/1920px-Ludwig_Wittgenstein_Skjolden_Norge_2024_Vadim_Chuprina.jpg","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Ludwig-Wittgenstein\\ludwig-wittgenstein-00-ludwig-wittgenstein-skjolden-norge-2024-vadim-chuprina-jpg.jpg"},{"ImageMasterId":9687,"ImageOrdinal":18,"ImageUrl":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/ludwig-wittgenstein-00-ludwig-wittgenstein.jpg","Alt":"Portrait photograph of Ludwig Wittgenstein","Caption":"Portrait photograph of Ludwig Wittgenstein","Description":"This portrait photograph shows Wittgenstein in profile and provides a direct likeness for the philosopher profile.","WpMediaId":319418,"SourcePageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ludwig_Wittgenstein.jpg","SourceImageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ludwig%20Wittgenstein.jpg?width=1800","LocalPath":"Media\\Philosophy\\Images\\Ludwig-Wittgenstein\\ludwig-wittgenstein-00-ludwig-wittgenstein.jpg"}],"Video":{"Title":"","Iframes":[]},"HasVideo":false,"IdentityFields":[{"Label":"Full Name","Value":"Ludwig Wittgenstein"},{"Label":"Native Name","Value":"Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein"},{"Label":"Other Names","Value":"Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein; L. Wittgenstein; Wittgenstein; Ludwig Wittgenstein, analytic philosophy; Ludwig Wittgenstein, philosophy of language; Ludwig Wittgenstein, ordinary language philosophy"},{"Label":"Sex","Value":"Male"},{"Label":"Nationality","Value":"Austrian-British / analytic philosophy, logical atomism, and ordinary language philosophy"},{"Label":"Religion","Value":"Catholic background and Jewish family ancestry / secular analytic philosophy, ethics, and religious language"},{"Label":"Mother","Value":"Leopoldine Kalmus"},{"Label":"Father","Value":"Karl Wittgenstein"}],"MajorWorks":[{"Title":"Notes on Logic","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/ludwig-wittgenstein/notes-on-logic/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["1913 CE","Early logical manuscript associated with Russell and the pre-Tractatus period."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"1913 CE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"Early logical manuscript associated with Russell and the pre-Tractatus period.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"Notes on Logic 1913 CE Early logical manuscript associated with Russell and the pre-Tractatus period.","Style":"","DataSearch":"notes on logic 1913 ce early logical manuscript associated with russell and the pre-tractatus period. western thought western europe central european highlands philosophy of language logic","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Western Thought","DataTerra":"Western Europe","DataTerraRegion":"Central European Highlands","DataCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Language Logic","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"Notes on Logic","DataFilterSearch":"Notes on Logic 1913 CE Early logical manuscript associated with Russell and the pre-Tractatus period. Western Thought Western Europe Central European Highlands Philosophy of Language Logic","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Western Thought","DataFilterTerra":"Western Europe","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Central European Highlands","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Language Logic","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"1913"},{"Title":"Notes Dictated to G. E. Moore in Norway","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/ludwig-wittgenstein/notes-dictated-to-ge-moore-in-norway/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["1914 CE","Norway notes transmitted through G. E. Moore, treated as a discrete early logical work cluster."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"1914 CE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"Norway notes transmitted through G. E. Moore, treated as a discrete early logical work cluster.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"Notes Dictated to G. E. Moore in Norway 1914 CE Norway notes transmitted through G. E. Moore, treated as a discrete early logical work cluster.","Style":"","DataSearch":"notes dictated to g. e. moore in norway 1914 ce norway notes transmitted through g. e. moore, treated as a discrete early logical work cluster. western thought western europe central european highlands philosophy of language logic","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Western Thought","DataTerra":"Western Europe","DataTerraRegion":"Central European Highlands","DataCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Language Logic","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"Notes Dictated to G. E. Moore in Norway","DataFilterSearch":"Notes Dictated to G. E. Moore in Norway 1914 CE Norway notes transmitted through G. E. Moore, treated as a discrete early logical work cluster. Western Thought Western Europe Central European Highlands Philosophy of Language Logic","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Western Thought","DataFilterTerra":"Western Europe","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Central European Highlands","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Language Logic","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"1914"},{"Title":"Notebooks 1914-1916","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/ludwig-wittgenstein/notebooks-1914-1916/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["1916 CE","War-period notebooks that preserve central pre-Tractatus development; posthumous publication is noted separately from display year."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"1916 CE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"War-period notebooks that preserve central pre-Tractatus development; posthumous publication is noted separately from display year.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"Notebooks 1914-1916 1916 CE War-period notebooks that preserve central pre-Tractatus development; posthumous publication is noted separately from display year.","Style":"","DataSearch":"notebooks 1914-1916 1916 ce war-period notebooks that preserve central pre-tractatus development; posthumous publication is noted separately from display year. western thought western europe central european highlands philosophy of language logic","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Western Thought","DataTerra":"Western Europe","DataTerraRegion":"Central European Highlands","DataCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Language Logic","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"Notebooks 1914-1916","DataFilterSearch":"Notebooks 1914-1916 1916 CE War-period notebooks that preserve central pre-Tractatus development; posthumous publication is noted separately from display year. Western Thought Western Europe Central European Highlands Philosophy of Language Logic","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Western Thought","DataFilterTerra":"Western Europe","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Central European Highlands","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Language Logic","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"1916"},{"Title":"Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus / Logisch-philosophische Abhandlung","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/ludwig-wittgenstein/tractatus-logico-philosophicus/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["1921 CE","Published in German in 1921 and in the Ogden/Ramsey English edition in 1922; display year uses first publication."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"1921 CE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"Published in German in 1921 and in the Ogden/Ramsey English edition in 1922; display year uses first publication.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus / Logisch-philosophische Abhandlung 1921 CE Published in German in 1921 and in the Ogden/Ramsey English edition in 1922; display year uses first publication.","Style":"","DataSearch":"tractatus logico-philosophicus / logisch-philosophische abhandlung 1921 ce published in german in 1921 and in the ogden/ramsey english edition in 1922; display year uses first publication. western thought western europe central european highlands philosophy of language logic","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Western Thought","DataTerra":"Western Europe","DataTerraRegion":"Central European Highlands","DataCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Language Logic","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus / Logisch-philosophische Abhandlung","DataFilterSearch":"Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus / Logisch-philosophische Abhandlung 1921 CE Published in German in 1921 and in the Ogden/Ramsey English edition in 1922; display year uses first publication. Western Thought Western Europe Central European Highlands Philosophy of Language Logic","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Western Thought","DataFilterTerra":"Western Europe","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Central European Highlands","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Language Logic","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"1921"},{"Title":"Some Remarks on Logical Form","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/ludwig-wittgenstein/some-remarks-on-logical-form/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["1929 CE","Only article Wittgenstein published in an academic journal during his lifetime."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"1929 CE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"Only article Wittgenstein published in an academic journal during his lifetime.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"Some Remarks on Logical Form 1929 CE Only article Wittgenstein published in an academic journal during his lifetime.","Style":"","DataSearch":"some remarks on logical form 1929 ce only article wittgenstein published in an academic journal during his lifetime. western thought western europe central european highlands philosophy of language logic","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Western Thought","DataTerra":"Western Europe","DataTerraRegion":"Central European Highlands","DataCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Language Logic","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"Some Remarks on Logical Form","DataFilterSearch":"Some Remarks on Logical Form 1929 CE Only article Wittgenstein published in an academic journal during his lifetime. Western Thought Western Europe Central European Highlands Philosophy of Language Logic","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Western Thought","DataFilterTerra":"Western Europe","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Central European Highlands","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Language Logic","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"1929"},{"Title":"Philosophical Remarks / Philosophische Bemerkungen","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/ludwig-wittgenstein/philosophical-remarks/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["1930 CE","Early middle-period manuscript cluster; posthumous publication does not change normalized composition year."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"1930 CE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"Early middle-period manuscript cluster; posthumous publication does not change normalized composition year.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"Philosophical Remarks / Philosophische Bemerkungen 1930 CE Early middle-period manuscript cluster; posthumous publication does not change normalized composition year.","Style":"","DataSearch":"philosophical remarks / philosophische bemerkungen 1930 ce early middle-period manuscript cluster; posthumous publication does not change normalized composition year. western thought western europe central european highlands philosophy of language logic","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Western Thought","DataTerra":"Western Europe","DataTerraRegion":"Central European Highlands","DataCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Language Logic","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"Philosophical Remarks / Philosophische Bemerkungen","DataFilterSearch":"Philosophical Remarks / Philosophische Bemerkungen 1930 CE Early middle-period manuscript cluster; posthumous publication does not change normalized composition year. Western Thought Western Europe Central European Highlands Philosophy of Language Logic","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Western Thought","DataFilterTerra":"Western Europe","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Central European Highlands","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Language Logic","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"1930"},{"Title":"Remarks on Frazer's Golden Bough","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/ludwig-wittgenstein/remarks-on-frazers-golden-bough/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["1931 CE","Remarks on ritual, explanation, and understanding; display year uses early composition period."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"1931 CE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"Remarks on ritual, explanation, and understanding; display year uses early composition period.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"Remarks on Frazer's Golden Bough 1931 CE Remarks on ritual, explanation, and understanding; display year uses early composition period.","Style":"","DataSearch":"remarks on frazer's golden bough 1931 ce remarks on ritual, explanation, and understanding; display year uses early composition period. western thought western europe central european highlands philosophy of language logic","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Western Thought","DataTerra":"Western Europe","DataTerraRegion":"Central European Highlands","DataCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Language Logic","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"Remarks on Frazer's Golden Bough","DataFilterSearch":"Remarks on Frazer's Golden Bough 1931 CE Remarks on ritual, explanation, and understanding; display year uses early composition period. Western Thought Western Europe Central European Highlands Philosophy of Language Logic","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Western Thought","DataFilterTerra":"Western Europe","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Central European Highlands","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Language Logic","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"1931"},{"Title":"Philosophical Grammar","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/ludwig-wittgenstein/philosophical-grammar/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["1933 CE","Posthumously published from manuscripts and typescripts; display year reflects the main manuscript period."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"1933 CE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"Posthumously published from manuscripts and typescripts; display year reflects the main manuscript period.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"Philosophical Grammar 1933 CE Posthumously published from manuscripts and typescripts; display year reflects the main manuscript period.","Style":"","DataSearch":"philosophical grammar 1933 ce posthumously published from manuscripts and typescripts; display year reflects the main manuscript period. western thought western europe central european highlands philosophy of language logic","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Western Thought","DataTerra":"Western Europe","DataTerraRegion":"Central European Highlands","DataCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Language Logic","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"Philosophical Grammar","DataFilterSearch":"Philosophical Grammar 1933 CE Posthumously published from manuscripts and typescripts; display year reflects the main manuscript period. Western Thought Western Europe Central European Highlands Philosophy of Language Logic","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Western Thought","DataFilterTerra":"Western Europe","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Central European Highlands","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Language Logic","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"1933"},{"Title":"The Big Typescript / TS 213","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/ludwig-wittgenstein/big-typescript-ts-213/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["1933 CE","Major typescript in the Nachlass, central to the transition toward later philosophy."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"1933 CE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"Major typescript in the Nachlass, central to the transition toward later philosophy.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"The Big Typescript / TS 213 1933 CE Major typescript in the Nachlass, central to the transition toward later philosophy.","Style":"","DataSearch":"the big typescript / ts 213 1933 ce major typescript in the nachlass, central to the transition toward later philosophy. western thought western europe central european highlands philosophy of language logic","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Western Thought","DataTerra":"Western Europe","DataTerraRegion":"Central European Highlands","DataCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Language Logic","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"The Big Typescript / TS 213","DataFilterSearch":"The Big Typescript / TS 213 1933 CE Major typescript in the Nachlass, central to the transition toward later philosophy. Western Thought Western Europe Central European Highlands Philosophy of Language Logic","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Western Thought","DataFilterTerra":"Western Europe","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Central European Highlands","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Language Logic","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"1933"},{"Title":"The Blue Book","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/ludwig-wittgenstein/blue-book/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["1934 CE","Dictated Cambridge lecture notes circulated to students; retained as a direct work cluster."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"1934 CE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"Dictated Cambridge lecture notes circulated to students; retained as a direct work cluster.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"The Blue Book 1934 CE Dictated Cambridge lecture notes circulated to students; retained as a direct work cluster.","Style":"","DataSearch":"the blue book 1934 ce dictated cambridge lecture notes circulated to students; retained as a direct work cluster. western thought western europe central european highlands philosophy of language logic","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Western Thought","DataTerra":"Western Europe","DataTerraRegion":"Central European Highlands","DataCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Language Logic","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"The Blue Book","DataFilterSearch":"The Blue Book 1934 CE Dictated Cambridge lecture notes circulated to students; retained as a direct work cluster. Western Thought Western Europe Central European Highlands Philosophy of Language Logic","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Western Thought","DataFilterTerra":"Western Europe","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Central European Highlands","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Language Logic","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"1934"},{"Title":"The Brown Book","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/ludwig-wittgenstein/brown-book/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["1935 CE","Dictated continuation of the Blue Book materials, central to language-game development."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"1935 CE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"Dictated continuation of the Blue Book materials, central to language-game development.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"The Brown Book 1935 CE Dictated continuation of the Blue Book materials, central to language-game development.","Style":"","DataSearch":"the brown book 1935 ce dictated continuation of the blue book materials, central to language-game development. western thought western europe central european highlands philosophy of language logic","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Western Thought","DataTerra":"Western Europe","DataTerraRegion":"Central European Highlands","DataCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Language Logic","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"The Brown Book","DataFilterSearch":"The Brown Book 1935 CE Dictated continuation of the Blue Book materials, central to language-game development. Western Thought Western Europe Central European Highlands Philosophy of Language Logic","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Western Thought","DataFilterTerra":"Western Europe","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Central European Highlands","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Language Logic","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"1935"},{"Title":"Lectures and Conversations on Aesthetics, Psychology and Religious Belief","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/ludwig-wittgenstein/lectures-and-conversations-on-aesthetics-psychology-and-religious-belief/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["1938 CE","Student-note transmission of Cambridge lectures and conversations; display year reflects the lecture period."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"1938 CE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"Student-note transmission of Cambridge lectures and conversations; display year reflects the lecture period.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"Lectures and Conversations on Aesthetics, Psychology and Religious Belief 1938 CE Student-note transmission of Cambridge lectures and conversations; display year reflects the lecture period.","Style":"","DataSearch":"lectures and conversations on aesthetics, psychology and religious belief 1938 ce student-note transmission of cambridge lectures and conversations; display year reflects the lecture period. western thought western europe central european highlands philosophy of language logic","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Western Thought","DataTerra":"Western Europe","DataTerraRegion":"Central European Highlands","DataCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Language Logic","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"Lectures and Conversations on Aesthetics, Psychology and Religious Belief","DataFilterSearch":"Lectures and Conversations on Aesthetics, Psychology and Religious Belief 1938 CE Student-note transmission of Cambridge lectures and conversations; display year reflects the lecture period. Western Thought Western Europe Central European Highlands Philosophy of Language Logic","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Western Thought","DataFilterTerra":"Western Europe","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Central European Highlands","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Language Logic","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"1938"},{"Title":"Lectures on the Foundations of Mathematics, Cambridge 1939","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/ludwig-wittgenstein/lectures-on-the-foundations-of-mathematics-cambridge-1939/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["1939 CE","Cambridge lectures preserved through student notes; direct work page does not import full text."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"1939 CE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"Cambridge lectures preserved through student notes; direct work page does not import full text.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"Lectures on the Foundations of Mathematics, Cambridge 1939 1939 CE Cambridge lectures preserved through student notes; direct work page does not import full text.","Style":"","DataSearch":"lectures on the foundations of mathematics, cambridge 1939 1939 ce cambridge lectures preserved through student notes; direct work page does not import full text. western thought western europe central european highlands philosophy of language logic","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Western Thought","DataTerra":"Western Europe","DataTerraRegion":"Central European Highlands","DataCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Language Logic","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"Lectures on the Foundations of Mathematics, Cambridge 1939","DataFilterSearch":"Lectures on the Foundations of Mathematics, Cambridge 1939 1939 CE Cambridge lectures preserved through student notes; direct work page does not import full text. Western Thought Western Europe Central European Highlands Philosophy of Language Logic","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Western Thought","DataFilterTerra":"Western Europe","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Central European Highlands","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Language Logic","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"1939"},{"Title":"Remarks on the Foundations of Mathematics","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/ludwig-wittgenstein/remarks-on-the-foundations-of-mathematics/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["1944 CE","Collected remarks from the later manuscript period; display year marks the main late composition cluster."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"1944 CE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"Collected remarks from the later manuscript period; display year marks the main late composition cluster.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"Remarks on the Foundations of Mathematics 1944 CE Collected remarks from the later manuscript period; display year marks the main late composition cluster.","Style":"","DataSearch":"remarks on the foundations of mathematics 1944 ce collected remarks from the later manuscript period; display year marks the main late composition cluster. western thought western europe central european highlands philosophy of language logic","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Western Thought","DataTerra":"Western Europe","DataTerraRegion":"Central European Highlands","DataCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Language Logic","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"Remarks on the Foundations of Mathematics","DataFilterSearch":"Remarks on the Foundations of Mathematics 1944 CE Collected remarks from the later manuscript period; display year marks the main late composition cluster. Western Thought Western Europe Central European Highlands Philosophy of Language Logic","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Western Thought","DataFilterTerra":"Western Europe","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Central European Highlands","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Language Logic","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"1944"},{"Title":"Philosophical Investigations","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/ludwig-wittgenstein/philosophical-investigations/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":true,"Copies":["1945 CE","Full text available","Late masterwork prepared before posthumous 1953 publication; display year follows composition/preparation rather than publication."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"1945 CE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"Full text available","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy dz-philo__work-full-text","Style":"font:700 12px/1.4 var(–ui);letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6f5613"},{"Text":"Late masterwork prepared before posthumous 1953 publication; display year follows composition/preparation rather than publication.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"Philosophical Investigations 1945 CE Full text available Late masterwork prepared before posthumous 1953 publication; display year follows composition/preparation rather than publication.","Style":"background:#fff7dc;border-color:rgba(111,86,19,.35)","DataSearch":"philosophical investigations 1945 ce late masterwork prepared before posthumous 1953 publication; display year follows composition/preparation rather than publication. western thought western europe central european highlands philosophy of language logic","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Western Thought","DataTerra":"Western Europe","DataTerraRegion":"Central European Highlands","DataCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Language Logic","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"Philosophical Investigations","DataFilterSearch":"Philosophical Investigations 1945 CE Late masterwork prepared before posthumous 1953 publication; display year follows composition/preparation rather than publication. Western Thought Western Europe Central European Highlands Philosophy of Language Logic","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Western Thought","DataFilterTerra":"Western Europe","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Central European Highlands","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Language Logic","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"1945"},{"Title":"Remarks on the Philosophy of Psychology","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/ludwig-wittgenstein/remarks-on-the-philosophy-of-psychology/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["1948 CE","Late remarks on psychology and mind; posthumous editorial form is noted."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"1948 CE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"Late remarks on psychology and mind; posthumous editorial form is noted.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"Remarks on the Philosophy of Psychology 1948 CE Late remarks on psychology and mind; posthumous editorial form is noted.","Style":"","DataSearch":"remarks on the philosophy of psychology 1948 ce late remarks on psychology and mind; posthumous editorial form is noted. western thought western europe central european highlands philosophy of language logic","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Western Thought","DataTerra":"Western Europe","DataTerraRegion":"Central European Highlands","DataCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Language Logic","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"Remarks on the Philosophy of Psychology","DataFilterSearch":"Remarks on the Philosophy of Psychology 1948 CE Late remarks on psychology and mind; posthumous editorial form is noted. Western Thought Western Europe Central European Highlands Philosophy of Language Logic","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Western Thought","DataFilterTerra":"Western Europe","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Central European Highlands","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Language Logic","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"1948"},{"Title":"Zettel","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/ludwig-wittgenstein/zettel/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["1948 CE","Posthumously assembled remarks from late manuscripts; display year reflects the late source materials."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"1948 CE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"Posthumously assembled remarks from late manuscripts; display year reflects the late source materials.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"Zettel 1948 CE Posthumously assembled remarks from late manuscripts; display year reflects the late source materials.","Style":"","DataSearch":"zettel 1948 ce posthumously assembled remarks from late manuscripts; display year reflects the late source materials. western thought western europe central european highlands philosophy of language logic","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Western Thought","DataTerra":"Western Europe","DataTerraRegion":"Central European Highlands","DataCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Language Logic","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"Zettel","DataFilterSearch":"Zettel 1948 CE Posthumously assembled remarks from late manuscripts; display year reflects the late source materials. Western Thought Western Europe Central European Highlands Philosophy of Language Logic","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Western Thought","DataFilterTerra":"Western Europe","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Central European Highlands","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Language Logic","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"1948"},{"Title":"Last Writings on the Philosophy of Psychology","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/ludwig-wittgenstein/last-writings-on-the-philosophy-of-psychology/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["1949 CE","Late manuscript materials on psychology; normalized to the late composition period."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"1949 CE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"Late manuscript materials on psychology; normalized to the late composition period.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"Last Writings on the Philosophy of Psychology 1949 CE Late manuscript materials on psychology; normalized to the late composition period.","Style":"","DataSearch":"last writings on the philosophy of psychology 1949 ce late manuscript materials on psychology; normalized to the late composition period. western thought western europe central european highlands philosophy of language logic","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Western Thought","DataTerra":"Western Europe","DataTerraRegion":"Central European Highlands","DataCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Language Logic","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"Last Writings on the Philosophy of Psychology","DataFilterSearch":"Last Writings on the Philosophy of Psychology 1949 CE Late manuscript materials on psychology; normalized to the late composition period. Western Thought Western Europe Central European Highlands Philosophy of Language Logic","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Western Thought","DataFilterTerra":"Western Europe","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Central European Highlands","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Language Logic","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"1949"},{"Title":"Culture and Value","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/ludwig-wittgenstein/culture-and-value/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":true,"Copies":["1951 CE","Full text available","Collected cultural and philosophical remarks across the Nachlass; display year marks final accepted cluster while notes preserve compilation status."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"1951 CE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"Full text available","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy dz-philo__work-full-text","Style":"font:700 12px/1.4 var(–ui);letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6f5613"},{"Text":"Collected cultural and philosophical remarks across the Nachlass; display year marks final accepted cluster while notes preserve compilation status.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"Culture and Value 1951 CE Full text available Collected cultural and philosophical remarks across the Nachlass; display year marks final accepted cluster while notes preserve compilation status.","Style":"background:#fff7dc;border-color:rgba(111,86,19,.35)","DataSearch":"culture and value 1951 ce collected cultural and philosophical remarks across the nachlass; display year marks final accepted cluster while notes preserve compilation status. western thought western europe central european highlands philosophy of language logic","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Western Thought","DataTerra":"Western Europe","DataTerraRegion":"Central European Highlands","DataCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Language Logic","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"Culture and Value","DataFilterSearch":"Culture and Value 1951 CE Collected cultural and philosophical remarks across the Nachlass; display year marks final accepted cluster while notes preserve compilation status. Western Thought Western Europe Central European Highlands Philosophy of Language Logic","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Western Thought","DataFilterTerra":"Western Europe","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Central European Highlands","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Language Logic","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"1951"},{"Title":"On Certainty","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/ludwig-wittgenstein/on-certainty/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["1951 CE","Final remarks responding to Moore and skepticism; display year follows the final writing period."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"1951 CE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"Final remarks responding to Moore and skepticism; display year follows the final writing period.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"On Certainty 1951 CE Final remarks responding to Moore and skepticism; display year follows the final writing period.","Style":"","DataSearch":"on certainty 1951 ce final remarks responding to moore and skepticism; display year follows the final writing period. western thought western europe central european highlands philosophy of language logic","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Western Thought","DataTerra":"Western Europe","DataTerraRegion":"Central European Highlands","DataCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Language Logic","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"On Certainty","DataFilterSearch":"On Certainty 1951 CE Final remarks responding to Moore and skepticism; display year follows the final writing period. Western Thought Western Europe Central European Highlands Philosophy of Language Logic","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Western Thought","DataFilterTerra":"Western Europe","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Central European Highlands","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Language Logic","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"1951"},{"Title":"Remarks on Colour","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/ludwig-wittgenstein/remarks-on-colour/","ClassName":"dz-philo__profile-work-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["1951 CE","Final remarks on color concepts; posthumous publication noted without changing display year."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"1951 CE","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"Final remarks on color concepts; posthumous publication noted without changing display year.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}],"Text":"Remarks on Colour 1951 CE Final remarks on color concepts; posthumous publication noted without changing display year.","Style":"","DataSearch":"remarks on colour 1951 ce final remarks on color concepts; posthumous publication noted without changing display year. western thought western europe central european highlands philosophy of language logic","DataPeriod":"","DataEra":"","DataRegion":"Western Thought","DataTerra":"Western Europe","DataTerraRegion":"Central European Highlands","DataCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Language Logic","DataSchool":"","DataFilterTitle":"Remarks on Colour","DataFilterSearch":"Remarks on Colour 1951 CE Final remarks on color concepts; posthumous publication noted without changing display year. Western Thought Western Europe Central European Highlands Philosophy of Language Logic","DataFilterPeriod":"","DataFilterEra":"","DataFilterRegion":"Western Thought","DataFilterTerra":"Western Europe","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Central European Highlands","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Philosophy of Language Logic","DataFilterSchool":"","DataFilterYear":"1951"}],"Relations":{"Influences":{"Title":"Influences","Cards":[{"Title":"Gottlob Frege","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/gottlob-frege/","ClassName":"dz-philo__hub-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["1848 CE – 1925 CE","Wismar","German logician, mathematician, and philosopher whose concept-script, modern quantificational logic, logicism, sense-reference distinction, concept-object analysis, and anti-psychologism helped launch analytic philosophy and reshape logic, language, mathematics, and truth."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"1848 CE – 1925 CE","ClassName":"dz-philo__hub-card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"Wismar","ClassName":"dz-philo__hub-card-copy dz-philo__hub-card-location","Style":"font-weight:700"},{"Text":"German logician, mathematician, and philosopher whose concept-script, modern quantificational logic, logicism, sense-reference distinction, concept-object analysis, and anti-psychologism helped launch analytic philosophy and reshape logic, language, mathematics, and truth.","ClassName":"dz-philo__hub-card-copy","Style":""}],"MediaSrc":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/gottlob-frege-01-frege-c-1879.jpg","MediaAlt":"Gottlob Frege, c. 1879","Text":"Gottlob Frege 1848 CE – 1925 CE Wismar German logician, mathematician, and philosopher whose concept-script, modern quantificational logic, logicism, sense-reference distinction, concept-object analysis, and anti-psychologism helped launch analytic philosophy and reshape logic, language, mathematics, and truth.","Style":"","DataSearch":"gottlob frege gottlob frege friedrich ludwig gottlob frege frege; friedrich ludwig gottlob frege; g. frege 1848 ce – 1925 ce wismar germany modern history long 19th century western thought western europe central european highlands metaphysics epistemology logic philosophy of mind philosophy of language philosophy of science","DataPeriod":"Modern History","DataEra":"Long 19th Century","DataRegion":"Western Thought","DataTerra":"Western Europe","DataTerraRegion":"Central European Highlands","DataCoreAreas":"Metaphysics|Epistemology|Logic|Philosophy of Mind|Philosophy of Language|Philosophy of Science","DataSchool":"Analytic Philosophy","DataFilterTitle":"Gottlob Frege","DataFilterSearch":"Gottlob Frege Gottlob Frege Friedrich Ludwig Gottlob Frege Frege; Friedrich Ludwig Gottlob Frege; G. Frege 1848 CE – 1925 CE Wismar Germany Modern History Long 19th Century Western Thought Western Europe Central European Highlands Metaphysics Epistemology Logic Philosophy of Mind Philosophy of Language Philosophy of Science","DataFilterPeriod":"Modern History","DataFilterEra":"Long 19th Century","DataFilterRegion":"Western Thought","DataFilterTerra":"Western Europe","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Central European Highlands","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Metaphysics|Epistemology|Logic|Philosophy of Mind|Philosophy of Language|Philosophy of Science","DataFilterSchool":"Analytic Philosophy","DataFilterYear":"1848"},{"Title":"Bertrand Russell","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/bertrand-russell/","ClassName":"dz-philo__hub-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["1872 CE – 1970 CE","Trellech, Monmouthshire","British analytic philosopher, logician, mathematician, social critic, and Nobel laureate from Trellech whose logicism, theory of descriptions, logical atomism, epistemology, philosophy of language, ethics, pacifism, secular critique, and political writing shaped analytic philosophy and twentieth-century public reason."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"1872 CE – 1970 CE","ClassName":"dz-philo__hub-card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"Trellech, Monmouthshire","ClassName":"dz-philo__hub-card-copy dz-philo__hub-card-location","Style":"font-weight:700"},{"Text":"British analytic philosopher, logician, mathematician, social critic, and Nobel laureate from Trellech whose logicism, theory of descriptions, logical atomism, epistemology, philosophy of language, ethics, pacifism, secular critique, and political writing shaped analytic philosophy and twentieth-century public reason.","ClassName":"dz-philo__hub-card-copy","Style":""}],"MediaSrc":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/bertrand-russell-01-1954-portrait-2.jpg","MediaAlt":"Bertrand Russell Portrait, 1954","Text":"Bertrand Russell 1872 CE – 1970 CE Trellech, Monmouthshire British analytic philosopher, logician, mathematician, social critic, and Nobel laureate from Trellech whose logicism, theory of descriptions, logical atomism, epistemology, philosophy of language, ethics, pacifism, secular critique, and political writing shaped analytic philosophy and twentieth-century public reason.","Style":"","DataSearch":"bertrand russell bertrand russell bertrand arthur william russell; bertrand russell, 3rd earl russell; lord russell; b. russell; bertrand a. w. russell 1872 ce – 1970 ce trellech, monmouthshire united kingdom contemporary history world war era western thought western europe north sea–channel rim metaphysics epistemology logic ethics political philosophy philosophy of mind philosophy of language philosophy of science philosophy of religion","DataPeriod":"Contemporary History","DataEra":"World War Era","DataRegion":"Western Thought","DataTerra":"Western Europe","DataTerraRegion":"North Sea–Channel Rim","DataCoreAreas":"Metaphysics|Epistemology|Logic|Ethics|Political Philosophy|Philosophy of Mind|Philosophy of Language|Philosophy of Science|Philosophy of Religion","DataSchool":"Analytic Philosophy","DataFilterTitle":"Bertrand Russell","DataFilterSearch":"Bertrand Russell Bertrand Russell Bertrand Arthur William Russell; Bertrand Russell, 3rd Earl Russell; Lord Russell; B. Russell; Bertrand A. W. Russell 1872 CE – 1970 CE Trellech, Monmouthshire United Kingdom Contemporary History World War Era Western Thought Western Europe North Sea–Channel Rim Metaphysics Epistemology Logic Ethics Political Philosophy Philosophy of Mind Philosophy of Language Philosophy of Science Philosophy of Religion","DataFilterPeriod":"Contemporary History","DataFilterEra":"World War Era","DataFilterRegion":"Western Thought","DataFilterTerra":"Western Europe","DataFilterTerraRegion":"North Sea–Channel Rim","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Metaphysics|Epistemology|Logic|Ethics|Political Philosophy|Philosophy of Mind|Philosophy of Language|Philosophy of Science|Philosophy of Religion","DataFilterSchool":"Analytic Philosophy","DataFilterYear":"1872"},{"Title":"Arthur Schopenhauer","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/arthur-schopenhauer/","ClassName":"dz-philo__hub-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["1788 CE – 1860 CE","Danzig (now Gdansk)","German philosopher from Danzig whose account of the world as representation and blind will, pessimistic metaphysics, compassion ethics, aesthetics of will-less contemplation, theory of music, and engagement with Kant, Plato, Buddhism, and the Upanishads reshaped nineteenth-century and modern philosophy."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"1788 CE – 1860 CE","ClassName":"dz-philo__hub-card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"Danzig (now Gdansk)","ClassName":"dz-philo__hub-card-copy dz-philo__hub-card-location","Style":"font-weight:700"},{"Text":"German philosopher from Danzig whose account of the world as representation and blind will, pessimistic metaphysics, compassion ethics, aesthetics of will-less contemplation, theory of music, and engagement with Kant, Plato, Buddhism, and the Upanishads reshaped nineteenth-century and modern philosophy.","ClassName":"dz-philo__hub-card-copy","Style":""}],"MediaSrc":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/arthur-schopenhauer-01-standard-portrait.jpg","MediaAlt":"Arthur Schopenhauer Portrait","Text":"Arthur Schopenhauer 1788 CE – 1860 CE Danzig (now Gdansk) German philosopher from Danzig whose account of the world as representation and blind will, pessimistic metaphysics, compassion ethics, aesthetics of will-less contemplation, theory of music, and engagement with Kant, Plato, Buddhism, and the Upanishads reshaped nineteenth-century and modern philosophy.","Style":"","DataSearch":"arthur schopenhauer arthur schopenhauer arthur schopenhauer schopenhauer; arthur schopenhauer von danzig 1788 ce – 1860 ce danzig (now gdansk) poland modern history long 19th century western thought western europe central european highlands metaphysics epistemology logic ethics aesthetics political philosophy philosophy of mind philosophy of language philosophy of science philosophy of religion","DataPeriod":"Modern History","DataEra":"Long 19th Century","DataRegion":"Western Thought","DataTerra":"Western Europe","DataTerraRegion":"Central European Highlands","DataCoreAreas":"Metaphysics|Epistemology|Logic|Ethics|Aesthetics|Political Philosophy|Philosophy of Mind|Philosophy of Language|Philosophy of Science|Philosophy of Religion","DataSchool":"Schopenhauerianism","DataFilterTitle":"Arthur Schopenhauer","DataFilterSearch":"Arthur Schopenhauer Arthur Schopenhauer Arthur Schopenhauer Schopenhauer; Arthur Schopenhauer von Danzig 1788 CE – 1860 CE Danzig (now Gdansk) Poland Modern History Long 19th Century Western Thought Western Europe Central European Highlands Metaphysics Epistemology Logic Ethics Aesthetics Political Philosophy Philosophy of Mind Philosophy of Language Philosophy of Science Philosophy of Religion","DataFilterPeriod":"Modern History","DataFilterEra":"Long 19th Century","DataFilterRegion":"Western Thought","DataFilterTerra":"Western Europe","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Central European Highlands","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Metaphysics|Epistemology|Logic|Ethics|Aesthetics|Political Philosophy|Philosophy of Mind|Philosophy of Language|Philosophy of Science|Philosophy of Religion","DataFilterSchool":"Schopenhauerianism","DataFilterYear":"1788"}],"Chips":[]},"Followers":{"Title":"Followers","Cards":[{"Title":"Saul Kripke","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/saul-kripke/","ClassName":"dz-philo__hub-card","HasFullText":false,"Copies":["1940 CE – 2022 CE","Bay Shore, New York","American analytic philosopher and logician whose work on modal logic, rigid designation, necessary a posteriori truth, truth theory, belief, and rule-following reshaped philosophy of language and metaphysics."],"CopyItems":[{"Text":"1940 CE – 2022 CE","ClassName":"dz-philo__hub-card-copy","Style":""},{"Text":"Bay Shore, New York","ClassName":"dz-philo__hub-card-copy dz-philo__hub-card-location","Style":"font-weight:700"},{"Text":"American analytic philosopher and logician whose work on modal logic, rigid designation, necessary a posteriori truth, truth theory, belief, and rule-following reshaped philosophy of language and metaphysics.","ClassName":"dz-philo__hub-card-copy","Style":""}],"MediaSrc":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/saul-kripke-01-kripke-in-2005.jpg","MediaAlt":"Saul Kripke in 2005","Text":"Saul Kripke 1940 CE – 2022 CE Bay Shore, New York American analytic philosopher and logician whose work on modal logic, rigid designation, necessary a posteriori truth, truth theory, belief, and rule-following reshaped philosophy of language and metaphysics.","Style":"","DataSearch":"saul kripke saul aaron kripke saul aaron kripke saul kripke; saul a. kripke; kripke 1940 ce – 2022 ce bay shore, new york united states contemporary history world war era western thought north america appalachian–atlantic highlands metaphysics epistemology logic philosophy of mind philosophy of language philosophy of science","DataPeriod":"Contemporary History","DataEra":"World War Era","DataRegion":"Western Thought","DataTerra":"North America","DataTerraRegion":"Appalachian–Atlantic Highlands","DataCoreAreas":"Metaphysics|Epistemology|Logic|Philosophy of Mind|Philosophy of Language|Philosophy of Science","DataSchool":"Analytic Philosophy","DataFilterTitle":"Saul Kripke","DataFilterSearch":"Saul Kripke Saul Aaron Kripke Saul Aaron Kripke Saul Kripke; Saul A. Kripke; Kripke 1940 CE – 2022 CE Bay Shore, New York United States Contemporary History World War Era Western Thought North America Appalachian–Atlantic Highlands Metaphysics Epistemology Logic Philosophy of Mind Philosophy of Language Philosophy of Science","DataFilterPeriod":"Contemporary History","DataFilterEra":"World War Era","DataFilterRegion":"Western Thought","DataFilterTerra":"North America","DataFilterTerraRegion":"Appalachian–Atlantic Highlands","DataFilterCoreAreas":"Metaphysics|Epistemology|Logic|Philosophy of Mind|Philosophy of Language|Philosophy of Science","DataFilterSchool":"Analytic Philosophy","DataFilterYear":"1940"}],"Chips":[]}},"Contributions":[{"Title":"Metaphysics","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/core-areas-of-philosophy/metaphysics/","Copies":["Moves from the Tractatus picture theory and logical form to later investigations of grammar, form of life, and the limits of metaphysical theorizing."],"Text":"Metaphysics Moves from the Tractatus picture theory and logical form to later investigations of grammar, form of life, and the limits of metaphysical theorizing.","Style":"","DataRegion":"","DataTerra":"","DataTerraRegion":"","CopyItems":[{"Text":"Moves from the Tractatus picture theory and logical form to later investigations of grammar, form of life, and the limits of metaphysical theorizing.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}]},{"Title":"Epistemology","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/core-areas-of-philosophy/epistemology/","Copies":["Recasts knowledge, certainty, doubt, and rule-following through ordinary practices rather than detached foundations."],"Text":"Epistemology Recasts knowledge, certainty, doubt, and rule-following through ordinary practices rather than detached foundations.","Style":"","DataRegion":"","DataTerra":"","DataTerraRegion":"","CopyItems":[{"Text":"Recasts knowledge, certainty, doubt, and rule-following through ordinary practices rather than detached foundations.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}]},{"Title":"Logic","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/core-areas-of-philosophy/logic/","Copies":["Shapes early analytic logic through the Tractatus account of propositions, tautology, logical space, and the limits of sayability."],"Text":"Logic Shapes early analytic logic through the Tractatus account of propositions, tautology, logical space, and the limits of sayability.","Style":"","DataRegion":"","DataTerra":"","DataTerraRegion":"","CopyItems":[{"Text":"Shapes early analytic logic through the Tractatus account of propositions, tautology, logical space, and the limits of sayability.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}]},{"Title":"Ethics","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/core-areas-of-philosophy/ethics/","Copies":["Treats ethics as showing itself in life, attitude, and form rather than as a body of theoretical propositions."],"Text":"Ethics Treats ethics as showing itself in life, attitude, and form rather than as a body of theoretical propositions.","Style":"","DataRegion":"","DataTerra":"","DataTerraRegion":"","CopyItems":[{"Text":"Treats ethics as showing itself in life, attitude, and form rather than as a body of theoretical propositions.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}]},{"Title":"Aesthetics","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/core-areas-of-philosophy/aesthetics/","Copies":["Analyzes aesthetic judgment through criteria, use, reaction, and training rather than private inner impressions."],"Text":"Aesthetics Analyzes aesthetic judgment through criteria, use, reaction, and training rather than private inner impressions.","Style":"","DataRegion":"","DataTerra":"","DataTerraRegion":"","CopyItems":[{"Text":"Analyzes aesthetic judgment through criteria, use, reaction, and training rather than private inner impressions.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}]},{"Title":"Philosophy of Mind","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/core-areas-of-philosophy/philosophy-of-mind/","Copies":["Challenges private inner-object models of mind through language-games, criteria, aspect-seeing, sensation language, and rule-following."],"Text":"Philosophy of Mind Challenges private inner-object models of mind through language-games, criteria, aspect-seeing, sensation language, and rule-following.","Style":"","DataRegion":"","DataTerra":"","DataTerraRegion":"","CopyItems":[{"Text":"Challenges private inner-object models of mind through language-games, criteria, aspect-seeing, sensation language, and rule-following.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}]},{"Title":"Philosophy of Language","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/core-areas-of-philosophy/philosophy-of-language/","Copies":["Transforms philosophy of language from logical representation to meaning as use, language-games, grammar, family resemblance, and forms of life."],"Text":"Philosophy of Language Transforms philosophy of language from logical representation to meaning as use, language-games, grammar, family resemblance, and forms of life.","Style":"","DataRegion":"","DataTerra":"","DataTerraRegion":"","CopyItems":[{"Text":"Transforms philosophy of language from logical representation to meaning as use, language-games, grammar, family resemblance, and forms of life.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}]},{"Title":"Philosophy of Science","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/core-areas-of-philosophy/philosophy-of-science/","Copies":["Interrogates foundations of mathematics, psychology, and explanation by showing how scientific and mathematical concepts operate within practices."],"Text":"Philosophy of Science Interrogates foundations of mathematics, psychology, and explanation by showing how scientific and mathematical concepts operate within practices.","Style":"","DataRegion":"","DataTerra":"","DataTerraRegion":"","CopyItems":[{"Text":"Interrogates foundations of mathematics, psychology, and explanation by showing how scientific and mathematical concepts operate within practices.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}]},{"Title":"Philosophy of Religion","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/core-areas-of-philosophy/philosophy-of-religion/","Copies":["Approaches religious belief as a form of life and language-practice rather than as a competing empirical hypothesis."],"Text":"Philosophy of Religion Approaches religious belief as a form of life and language-practice rather than as a competing empirical hypothesis.","Style":"","DataRegion":"","DataTerra":"","DataTerraRegion":"","CopyItems":[{"Text":"Approaches religious belief as a form of life and language-practice rather than as a competing empirical hypothesis.","ClassName":"dz-philo__card-copy","Style":""}]}],"OtherVoices":{"Title":"Other Voices","Copy":"Reference entries, source pages, catalog records, image sources, public text indexes, archive pages, and scholarship connected to Ludwig Wittgenstein.","ButtonText":"Open Other Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/ludwig-wittgenstein/ludwig-wittgenstein-other-voices/","Links":[{"Title":"SEP","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/stanford-encyclopedia-of-philosophy/","SortRank":1},{"Title":"SEP","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/stanford-encyclopedia-of-philosophy/","SortRank":2},{"Title":"SEP","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/stanford-encyclopedia-of-philosophy/","SortRank":3},{"Title":"SEP","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/stanford-encyclopedia-of-philosophy/","SortRank":4},{"Title":"SEP","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/stanford-encyclopedia-of-philosophy/","SortRank":5},{"Title":"SEP","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/stanford-encyclopedia-of-philosophy/","SortRank":6},{"Title":"SEP","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/stanford-encyclopedia-of-philosophy/","SortRank":7},{"Title":"IEP","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/internet-encyclopedia-of-philosophy/","SortRank":8},{"Title":"IEP","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/internet-encyclopedia-of-philosophy/","SortRank":9},{"Title":"IEP","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/internet-encyclopedia-of-philosophy/","SortRank":10},{"Title":"IEP","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/internet-encyclopedia-of-philosophy/","SortRank":11},{"Title":"Wikipedia","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/wikipedia/","SortRank":12},{"Title":"Wikipedia","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/wikipedia/","SortRank":13},{"Title":"Wikipedia","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/wikipedia/","SortRank":14},{"Title":"Wikipedia","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/wikipedia/","SortRank":15},{"Title":"Wikipedia","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/wikipedia/","SortRank":16},{"Title":"Wikipedia","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/wikipedia/","SortRank":17},{"Title":"Wikipedia","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/wikipedia/","SortRank":18},{"Title":"Wikipedia","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/wikipedia/","SortRank":19},{"Title":"Wikipedia","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/wikipedia/","SortRank":20},{"Title":"Wikipedia","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/wikipedia/","SortRank":21},{"Title":"Wikipedia","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/wikipedia/","SortRank":22},{"Title":"Wikipedia","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/wikipedia/","SortRank":23},{"Title":"Gutenberg","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/project-gutenberg/","SortRank":24},{"Title":"Gutenberg","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/project-gutenberg/","SortRank":25},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":26},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":27},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":28},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":29},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":30},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":31},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":32},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":33},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":34},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":35},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":36},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":37},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":38},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":39},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":40},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":41},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":42},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":43},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":44},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":45},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":46},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":47},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":48},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":49},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":50},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":51},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":52},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":53},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":54},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":55},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":56},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":57},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":58},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":59},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":60},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":61},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":62},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":63},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":64},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":65},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":66},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":67},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":68},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":69},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":70},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":71},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":72},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":73},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":74},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":75},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":76},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":77},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":78},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":79},{"Title":"Minor Voices","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/other-voices/minor-voices/","SortRank":80}]},"ComponentSequence":["Page Shell","Top Action Back Link","Profile Kicker","Profile Title","Profile Deck","Visual Identity Section","Context Card Row","Period Card","Era Card","Born Card","Died Card","Geo Card Row","Region Card","Terra Avita Card","Terra Avita Region Card","Modern Country Card","School/Birthplace Row","School Card","Birthplace Card","Image Gallery Section","Image Modal","Main Content Container","Identity Fields Section","Major Works Section","Influences & Followers Section","Influences Subsection","Followers Subsection","Contributions Section","Other Voices Section"],"SectionTitles":["Identity Fields","Major Works","Influences & Followers","Contributions","Other Voices"],"Counts":{"ImageFigures":18,"VideoIframes":0,"MajorWorkCards":21,"RelationCards":4,"RelationChips":0,"ContributionCards":9}}