Twenty Verses on Consciousness-Only
{"WorkMasterId":8007,"WpPageId":290098,"ParentWpPageId":193889,"Slug":"twenty-verses-consciousness-only","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/vasubandhu/twenty-verses-consciousness-only/","RelativeUrl":"theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/vasubandhu/twenty-verses-consciousness-only/","HasFullText":false,"RawHtmlLength":68818,"CleanHtmlLength":15976,"Kicker":"Philosophy Work","Title":"Twenty Verses on Consciousness-Only","Deck":"The Twenty Verses defend appearance-only by arguing that apparently external objects are better explained through consciousness, karma, and mental construction.","BackLink":{"Text":"Back to Vasubandhu","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/vasubandhu/"},"AuthorCard":{"Label":"Author","Title":"Vasubandhu","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/vasubandhu/","MediaHref":"","ImageSrc":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/vasubandhu-01-kofukuji-seshin-unkei-statue.jpg","ImageAlt":"Seshin/Vasubandhu statue by Unkei at Kofukuji","FilterTerra":"India and Central Asia","ClickText":"Vasubandhu","ClickHref":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/vasubandhu/","Copies":["316 CE – 396 CE","Puruṣapura, Gandhāra; modern Peshawar region","Gandhāran Buddhist philosopher whose Abhidharma analysis, Yogācāra consciousness-only arguments, Buddhist logic, karma theory, and Mahāyāna commentary shaped Indian, Tibetan, and East Asian scholastic philosophy."]},"ContextCards":[{"Label":"Period","Key":"Period:1","Title":"Ancient History","DateText":"3000 BCE – 499 CE","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/eras-of-thought/philosophers-of-ancient-history/"},{"Label":"Era","Key":"Era:3","Title":"Classical Antiquity","DateText":"500 BCE – 499 CE","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/eras-of-thought/philosophers-of-ancient-history/philosophers-of-classical-antiquity/"},{"Label":"Composition","Title":"386 CE","Url":"","DateText":""}],"DateNote":"Displayed as 386 CE as a specific site-normalized composition, commentary, finalization, or transmission estimate within the 316-396 CE profile range; it is not a publication date.","GeoCards":[{"Label":"Region","Key":"Region:2"},{"Label":"Terra Avita","Key":"TerraAvita:9"},{"Label":"Terra Avita Region","Key":"TerraAvitaRegion:39"},{"Label":"Modern Country","Key":"Country:PAK:9"}],"OriginalTitle":"विंशिकाविज्ञप्तिमात्रतासिद्धि","Language":"Sanskrit","DisciplineCards":[{"Label":"Primary Discipline","Key":"Discipline:metaphysics"},{"Label":"Secondary Discipline","Key":"Discipline:philosophy-of-mind"}],"Tradition":"Sarvāstivāda-Sautrāntika Abhidharma, Yogācāra, Buddhist logic, Mahāyāna exegesis, and Indian Buddhist scholastic commentary","FullText":null,"CoreThesis":["The Twenty Verses defend appearance-only by arguing that apparently external objects are better explained through consciousness, karma, and mental construction."],"Classification":{"AlternateTitles":"Vimsika; Viṃśikā; Viṃśatikā; Viṃśikāvṛtti; Twenty Verses; Twenty Verses on Consciousness-Only","KeyConcepts":"vijnaptimatra; appearance-only; consciousness-only; external objects; dream argument; karma","Methodology":"Source-backed Vasubandhu work cluster; evidence rows are source/context only and no full text is imported.","Structure":"Work page with Sanskrit, Indic, reception, and English title forms, explicit CE display year, attribution/date note, evidence note, source linkage, and no full-text badge."},"Arguments":["The Twenty Verses defend appearance-only by arguing that apparently external objects are better explained through consciousness, karma, and mental construction."],"Influence":{"InfluencedBy":"Sarvāstivāda Vaibhāṣika Abhidharma, Sautrāntika argument, Gandhāran Buddhist scholasticism, Asaṅga, Maitreya-Yogācāra traditions, Mahāyāna sutra exegesis, and Indian debate culture.","InfluenceOn":""},"Significance":["Accepted as a direct Vasubandhu work row from SEP/IEP/Britannica, Buddhist canon/catalog searches, and scholarship evidence. 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