Zhengmeng / Correcting the Ignorant / 正蒙
{"WorkMasterId":6988,"WpPageId":286313,"ParentWpPageId":193917,"Slug":"zhengmeng","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/zhang-zai/zhengmeng/","RelativeUrl":"theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/zhang-zai/zhengmeng/","HasFullText":true,"RawHtmlLength":75427,"CleanHtmlLength":20676,"Kicker":"Philosophy Work","Title":"Zhengmeng / Correcting the Ignorant / 正蒙","Deck":"Zhang Zai explains the world as a continuous transformation of qi, grounding Great Harmony, Great Vacuity, nature, mind, and moral cultivation in one cosmological process.","BackLink":{"Text":"Back to Zhang Zai","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/zhang-zai/"},"AuthorCard":{"Label":"Author","Title":"Zhang Zai","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/zhang-zai/","MediaHref":"","ImageSrc":"https://chrisdeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/zhang-zai-01-npm-mei-bo-portrait.jpg","ImageAlt":"Zhang Zai as Mei Bo in a sage-portrait album","FilterTerra":"China (East Asia)","ClickText":"Zhang Zai","ClickHref":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/philosophers/zhang-zai/","Copies":["1020 CE – 1077 CE","Chang\u0027an or Fengxiang region, Shaanxi; lived at Hengqu, Mei County","Northern Song Neo-Confucian philosopher of qi metaphysics whose account of Great Vacuity, Great Harmony, human nature, and universal kinship shaped Guanxue, Cheng-Zhu learning, and later Confucian moral cosmology."]},"ContextCards":[{"Label":"Period","Key":"Period:2","Title":"Medieval History","DateText":"500 CE – 1499 CE","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/eras-of-thought/philosophers-of-medieval-history/"},{"Label":"Era","Key":"Era:5","Title":"High Medieval","DateText":"1000 CE – 1299 CE","Url":"https://chrisdeasy.com/theos/humanities/philosophy/eras-of-thought/philosophers-of-medieval-history/philosophers-of-high-medieval/"},{"Label":"Composition","Title":"1076 CE","Url":"","DateText":""}],"DateNote":"Normalized Northern Song display/sort year derived from composition, circulation, or received textual tradition; not an exact day-of-composition claim.","GeoCards":[{"Label":"Region","Key":"Region:2"},{"Label":"Terra Avita","Key":"TerraAvita:10"},{"Label":"Terra Avita Region","Key":"TerraAvitaRegion:41"},{"Label":"Modern Country","Key":"Country:CHN:10"}],"OriginalTitle":"正蒙","Language":"Classical Chinese","DisciplineCards":[{"Label":"Primary Discipline","Key":"Discipline:metaphysics"},{"Label":"Secondary Discipline","Key":"Discipline:epistemology"}],"Tradition":"Northern Song Neo-Confucian qi metaphysics, Guanxue, Daoxue, Great Harmony cosmology, moral cultivation, and critique of Buddhist and Daoist emptiness","FullText":{"Title":"Full Text","Copy":"Full text from Chinese Wikisource: 正蒙 .","Url":"","Label":"","Kicker":"","Cards":[]},"CoreThesis":["Zhang Zai explains the world as a continuous transformation of qi, grounding Great Harmony, Great Vacuity, nature, mind, and moral cultivation in one cosmological process."],"Classification":{"AlternateTitles":"Zhengmeng; Correcting the Ignorant; Rectifying the Ignorant; Rectifying Youthful Ignorance; Correcting Youthful Ignorance; 正蒙","KeyConcepts":"Zhengmeng; qi; taixu; Great Vacuity; Great Harmony; yin-yang; human nature; physical nature; original nature; moral cultivation","Methodology":"Source-backed Zhang Zai work cluster; IEP, Britannica, Routledge, ChinaKnowledge, CText/search surfaces, library catalogs, and scholarship rows are evidence only and no full text is imported.","Structure":"Work page with Chinese, romanized, and English title forms, normalized Song or received-edition display year, date note, evidence note, source linkage, and no full-text badge."},"Arguments":["Zhang Zai explains the world as a continuous transformation of qi, grounding Great Harmony, Great Vacuity, nature, mind, and moral cultivation in one cosmological process."],"Influence":{"InfluencedBy":"Confucius, Mencius, the Yijing / Book of Changes, the Doctrine of the Mean, Fan Zhongyan, Northern Song classical learning, Buddhist and Daoist metaphysical debate, and Song reform culture.","InfluenceOn":""},"Significance":["Accepted as Zhang Zai\u0027s chief philosophical treatise from IEP, Britannica, ChinaKnowledge, and catalog evidence. No full text is imported.","Zhang Zai remains central to comparative metaphysics, process thought, qi cosmology, environmental ethics, Confucian moral psychology, and debates over universal kinship and embodied cultivation."],"EvidenceNote":["Accepted as Zhang Zai\u0027s chief philosophical treatise from IEP, Britannica, ChinaKnowledge, and catalog evidence. No full text is imported."],"MainSections":[{"Kind":"RawSection","Title":"Full Text","BodyHtml":"\u003cp class=\"dz-philo__section-copy dz-philo__full-text-source\"\u003eFull text from \u003ca href=\"https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E8%92%99\"\u003eChinese Wikisource: 正蒙\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003carticle class=\"dz-philo__full-text-body\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E8%92%99/%E8%98%87%E6%98%BA%E5%BA%8F\" title=\"正蒙/蘇昺序\"\u003e正蒙蘇昺序\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e \u003ca href=\"/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%A3%E8%92%99\u0026amp;action=edit\u0026amp;section=1\" title=\"编辑章节：正蒙蘇昺序\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e编辑\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e先生著《正蒙》書數萬言。一日，從容請曰：「敢以區別成誦何如？」先生曰：「吾之作是書也，譬之枯株，根本枝葉，莫不悉備，充榮之者，其在人功而已。又如晬盤示兒，百物具在，顧取者如何爾。」於是輒就其編，會歸義例，略效論語孟子，篇次章句，以類相從，為十七篇。\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E8%92%99/%E8%8C%83%E8%82%B2%E5%BA%8F\" title=\"正蒙/范育序\"\u003e范育序\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e \u003ca href=\"/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%A3%E8%92%99\u0026amp;action=edit\u0026amp;section=2\" title=\"编辑章节：范育序\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e编辑\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e子張子校書崇文，未伸其志，退而寓於太白之陰，橫渠之陽，潛心天地，參聖學之源，七年而道益明，德益尊，著正蒙書數萬言而未出也，間因問答之言，或窺其一二。\u003ca href=\"/wiki/Category:1077%E5%B9%B4_(%E6%8F%90%E5%8F%8A)\" title=\"Category:1077年 (提及)\"\u003e\u003cspan title=\"1077年\"\u003e熙寧丁巳\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e歲，天子召以為禮官，至京師，予始受其書而質問焉。其年秋，夫子復西歸，歿于驪山之下，門人遂出其書，傳者浸廣，至其疑羲獨無從取正，十有三年於茲矣。痛乎微言之將絕也！\n\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e友人蘇子季明離其書為十七篇以示予。昔者夫子之書蓋未嘗離也，故有「枯株晬盤」之說，然斯言也，豈待好之者充且擇歟？特夫子之所居也。今也離而為書，以推明夫子之道，質萬世之傳，予無加損焉爾。\n\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e惟夫子之為此書也，有六經之所未載，聖人之所不言，或者疑其蓋不必道。若清虛一大之語，適將取訾於末學，予則異焉。\n\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e自孔孟沒，學絕道喪千有餘年，處士橫議，異端間作，若浮屠老子之書，天下共傳，與六經並行。而其徒侈其說，以為大道精微之理，儒家之所不能談，必取吾書為正。世之儒者亦自許曰：「吾之六經未嘗語也，孔孟未嘗及也」，從而信其書，宗其道，天下靡然同風；無敢置疑於其間，況能奮一朝之辯，而與之較是非曲直乎哉！\n\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e子張子獨以命世之宏才，曠古之絕識，參之以博聞強記之學，質之以稽天窮地之思，與堯、舜、孔、孟合德乎數千載之間。閔乎道之不明，斯人之迷且病，天下之理泯然其將滅也，故為此言與浮屠老子辯，夫豈好異乎哉？蓋不得已也。\n\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e浮屠以心為法，以空為真，故正蒙闢之以天理之大，又曰：「知虛空即氣，則有無、隱顯、神化、性命通一無二。」老子以無為為道，故正蒙闢之曰：「不有兩則無一。」至於談死生之際，曰「輪轉不息，能脫是者則無生滅」，或曰「久生不死」，故正蒙闢之曰：「太虛不能無氣，氣不能不聚而為萬物，萬物不能不散而為太虛。」夫為是言者，豈得已哉!\n\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e使二氏者真得至道之耍、不二之理，則吾何為紛紛然與之辯哉？其為辯者，正欲排邪說，歸至理，使萬伳不惑而已。使彼二氏者，天下信之，出放孔子之前，則六經之言有不道者乎？孟子常勤勤闢楊朱墨翟矣，若浮屠老子之言聞乎孟子之耳，焉有不闢之者乎？故予曰正蒙之言不得已而云也。\n\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e嗚呼!道一而已，亙萬世，窮天地，理有易乎是哉!語上極乎高明，語下涉乎形器，語大至於無間，語小入於無朕，一有窒而不通，則於理為妄。故正蒙之言，高者抑之，卑者舉之，虛者實之，礙者通之，眾者一之，合者散之。要之立乎大中至正之矩。天之所以運，地之所以載，日月之所以明，鬼神之所以幽，風雲之所以變，江河之所以流，物理以辨，人倫以正，造端者微，成能者著，知德者祟，就業者廣，本末上下貫乎一道，過乎此者淫道之狂言也，不及乎此者邪詖之卑說也。推而放諸有形而準，推而放諸無形而準，推而放諸至動而準，推而放諸至靜而準，無不包矣，無不盡矣，無大可過矣，無細可遺矣，言若是乎其極矣，道若是乎其至矣，聖人復起，無有間乎斯文矣。\n\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"/wiki/Category:1087%E5%B9%B4_(%E6%8F%90%E5%8F%8A)\" title=\"Category:1087年 (提及)\"\u003e\u003cspan title=\"1087年\"\u003e元祐丁卯\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e歲，予居太夫人憂，蘇子又以其書屬余為之敘，泣血受書，三年不能為一辭，今也去喪而不死，尚可不為夫子言乎？雖然，爝火之微，培塿之塵，惡乎助太陽之光而益太山之高乎？蓋有不得默乎云爾，則亦不得默乎云爾。\n\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e門人范育謹序\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e \u003ca href=\"/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%A3%E8%92%99\u0026amp;action=edit\u0026amp;section=3\" title=\"编辑章节：\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e编辑\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\n \n\n\n\n\u0026#32;\n\u003ctable role=\"cols\"\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E8%92%99/01\" title=\"正蒙/01\"\u003e太和篇第一\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E8%92%99/02\" title=\"正蒙/02\"\u003e參兩篇第二\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E8%92%99/03\" title=\"正蒙/03\"\u003e天道篇第三\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E8%92%99/04\" title=\"正蒙/04\"\u003e神化篇第四\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E8%92%99/05\" title=\"正蒙/05\"\u003e動物篇第五\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E8%92%99/06\" title=\"正蒙/06\"\u003e誠明篇第六\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#32;\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E8%92%99/07\" title=\"正蒙/07\"\u003e大心篇第七\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E8%92%99/08\" title=\"正蒙/08\"\u003e中正篇第八\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E8%92%99/09\" title=\"正蒙/09\"\u003e至當篇第九\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E8%92%99/10\" title=\"正蒙/10\"\u003e作者篇第十\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E8%92%99/11\" title=\"正蒙/11\"\u003e三十篇第十一\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E8%92%99/12\" title=\"正蒙/12\"\u003e有德篇第十二\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#32;\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E8%92%99/13\" title=\"正蒙/13\"\u003e有司篇第十三\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E8%92%99/14\" title=\"正蒙/14\"\u003e大易篇第十四\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E8%92%99/15\" title=\"正蒙/15\"\u003e樂器篇第十五\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E8%92%99/16\" title=\"正蒙/16\"\u003e王褅篇第十六\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E8%92%99/17\" title=\"正蒙/17\"\u003e乾稱篇第十七\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\n \n\n\u003cp\u003e此北宋作品在全世界都属于\u003cb\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%89%E9%A2%86%E5%9F%9F\" title=\"w:公有领域\"\u003e公有领域\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/b\u003e，因为作者逝世已经超过100年，且作品于1931年1月1日之前出版。\n\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\n \u003c/article\u003e"},{"Kind":"TextSection","Title":"Core Thesis","Paragraphs":["Zhang Zai explains the world as a continuous transformation of qi, grounding Great Harmony, Great Vacuity, nature, mind, and moral cultivation in one cosmological process."]},{"Kind":"FieldSection","Title":"Classification","Fields":[{"Label":"Alternate Titles","Value":"Zhengmeng; Correcting the Ignorant; Rectifying the Ignorant; Rectifying Youthful Ignorance; Correcting Youthful Ignorance; 正蒙"},{"Label":"Key Concepts","Value":"Zhengmeng; qi; taixu; Great Vacuity; Great Harmony; yin-yang; human nature; physical nature; original nature; moral cultivation"},{"Label":"Methodology","Value":"Source-backed Zhang Zai work cluster; IEP, Britannica, Routledge, ChinaKnowledge, CText/search surfaces, library catalogs, and scholarship rows are evidence only and no full text is imported."},{"Label":"Structure","Value":"Work page with Chinese, romanized, and English title forms, normalized Song or received-edition display year, date note, evidence note, source linkage, and no full-text badge."}]},{"Kind":"TextSection","Title":"Arguments","Paragraphs":["Zhang Zai explains the world as a continuous transformation of qi, grounding Great Harmony, Great Vacuity, nature, mind, and moral cultivation in one cosmological process."]},{"Kind":"FieldSection","Title":"Influence","Fields":[{"Label":"Influenced By","Value":"Confucius, Mencius, the Yijing / Book of Changes, the Doctrine of the Mean, Fan Zhongyan, Northern Song classical learning, Buddhist and Daoist metaphysical debate, and Song reform culture."},{"Label":"Influence On","Value":"Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism, Zhu Xi, Wang Fuzhi, Guanxue, Song-Ming Confucian metaphysics, theories of qi, human nature, moral cultivation, and cosmological ethics."}]},{"Kind":"TextSection","Title":"Significance","Paragraphs":["Accepted as Zhang Zai\u0027s chief philosophical treatise from IEP, Britannica, ChinaKnowledge, and catalog evidence. No full text is imported.","Zhang Zai remains central to comparative metaphysics, process thought, qi cosmology, environmental ethics, Confucian moral psychology, and debates over universal kinship and embodied cultivation."]},{"Kind":"TextSection","Title":"Evidence Note","Paragraphs":["Accepted as Zhang Zai\u0027s chief philosophical treatise from IEP, Britannica, ChinaKnowledge, and catalog evidence. No full text is imported."]}],"SectionSequence":["Back Link","Work Title","Deck","Author","Period","Era","Composition","Date Note","Region","Terra Avita","Terra Avita Region","Modern Country","Original Title","Language","Primary Discipline","Secondary Discipline","Tradition","Full Text","Core Thesis","Classification","Arguments","Influence","Significance","Evidence Note"],"Counts":{"ContextCards":3,"GeoCards":4,"DisciplineCards":2,"Links":11,"Sections":24,"Styles":2,"Scripts":1}}