SURAH 44 — Ad-Dukhān — الدخان — “The Smoke”

• Revelation Order: 64
• Event Anchor: Late Meccan famine and warning through divine affliction (c. 617–619 CE)

Explanation:
Ad-Dukhān references a punishment of “smoke” that overtook the Meccans—interpreted by many classical commentators as a severe drought and famine that struck Quraysh after they resisted the message. The surah uses this event to warn of greater punishment for persistent denial and contrasts the fate of the wicked with the salvation of believers. Its connection to a real, historically remembered hardship ties it to the late Meccan phase when opposition led to both social and environmental crises. The surah reinforces the pattern of divine response to obstinate rejection.

Verse	Verse #	Meccan v Medinan	General Index
Ha, Meem.	1	Meccan	4415
By the clear Book,	2	Meccan	4416
Indeed, We sent it down during a blessed night. Indeed, We were to warn [mankind].	3	Meccan	4417
On that night is made distinct every precise matter –	4	Meccan	4418
[Every] matter [proceeding] from Us. Indeed, We were to send [a messenger]	5	Meccan	4419
As mercy from your Lord. Indeed, He is the Hearing, the Knowing.	6	Meccan	4420
Lord of the heavens and the earth and that between them, if you would be certain.	7	Meccan	4421
There is no deity except Him; He gives life and causes death. [He is] your Lord and the Lord of your first forefathers.	8	Meccan	4422
But they are in doubt, amusing themselves.	9	Meccan	4423
Then watch for the Day when the sky will bring a visible smoke.	10	Meccan	4424
Covering the people; this is a painful torment.	11	Meccan	4425
[They will say], “Our Lord, remove from us the torment; indeed, we are believers.”	12	Meccan	4426
How will there be for them a reminder [at that time]? And there had come to them a clear Messenger.	13	Meccan	4427
Then they turned away from him and said, “[He was] taught [and is] a madman.”	14	Meccan	4428
Indeed, We will remove the torment for a little. Indeed, you [disbelievers] will return [to disbelief].	15	Meccan	4429
The Day We will strike with the greatest assault, indeed, We will take retribution.	16	Meccan	4430
And We had already tried before them the people of Pharaoh, and there came to them a noble messenger,	17	Meccan	4431
[Saying], “Render to me the servants of Allah. Indeed, I am to you a trustworthy messenger,”	18	Meccan	4432
And [saying], “Be not haughty with Allah. Indeed, I have come to you with clear authority.	19	Meccan	4433
And indeed, I have sought refuge in my Lord and your Lord, lest you stone me.	20	Meccan	4434
But if you do not believe me, then leave me alone.”	21	Meccan	4435
And [finally] he called to his Lord that these were a criminal people.	22	Meccan	4436
[Allah said], “Then set out with My servants by night. Indeed, you are to be pursued.	23	Meccan	4437
And leave the sea in stillness. Indeed, they are an army to be drowned.”	24	Meccan	4438
How much they left behind of gardens and springs	25	Meccan	4439
And crops and noble sites	26	Meccan	4440
And comfort wherein they were amused.	27	Meccan	4441
Thus. And We caused to inherit it another people.	28	Meccan	4442
And the heaven and earth wept not for them, nor were they reprieved.	29	Meccan	4443
And We certainly saved the Children of Israel from the humiliating torment –	30	Meccan	4444
From Pharaoh. Indeed, he was a haughty one among the transgressors.	31	Meccan	4445
And We certainly chose them by knowledge over [all] the worlds.	32	Meccan	4446
And We gave them of signs that in which there was a clear trial.	33	Meccan	4447
Indeed, these [disbelievers] are saying,	34	Meccan	4448
“There is not but our first death, and we will not be resurrected.	35	Meccan	4449
Then bring [back] our forefathers, if you should be truthful.”	36	Meccan	4450
Are they better or the people of Tubba’ and those before them? We destroyed them, [for] indeed, they were criminals.	37	Meccan	4451
And We did not create the heavens and earth and that between them in play.	38	Meccan	4452
We did not create them except in truth, but most of them do not know.	39	Meccan	4453
Indeed, the Day of Judgement is the appointed time for them all –	40	Meccan	4454
The Day when no relation will avail a relation at all, nor will they be helped –	41	Meccan	4455
Except those [believers] on whom Allah has mercy. Indeed, He is the Exalted in Might, the Merciful.	42	Meccan	4456
Indeed, the tree of zaqqum	43	Meccan	4457
Is food for the sinful.	44	Meccan	4458
Like murky oil, it boils within bellies	45	Meccan	4459
Like the boiling of scalding water.	46	Meccan	4460
[It will be commanded], “Seize him and drag him into the midst of the Hellfire,	47	Meccan	4461
Then pour over his head from the torment of scalding water.”	48	Meccan	4462
[It will be said], “Taste! Indeed, you are the honored, the noble!	49	Meccan	4463
Indeed, this is what you used to dispute.”	50	Meccan	4464
Indeed, the righteous will be in a secure place;	51	Meccan	4465
Within gardens and springs,	52	Meccan	4466
Wearing [garments of] fine silk and brocade, facing each other.	53	Meccan	4467
Thus. And We will marry them to fair women with large, [beautiful] eyes.	54	Meccan	4468
They will call therein for every [kind of] fruit – safe and secure.	55	Meccan	4469
They will not taste death therein except the first death, and He will have protected them from the punishment of Hellfire	56	Meccan	4470
As bounty from your Lord. That is what is the great attainment.	57	Meccan	4471
And indeed, We have eased the Qur’an in your tongue that they might be reminded.	58	Meccan	4472
So watch, [O Muhammad]; indeed, they are watching [for your end].	59	Meccan	4473