Portugal discovered and colonized the uninhabited Sao Tome and Principe islands in the late 15th century, setting up a sugar-based economy that gave way to coffee and cocoa in the 19th century – all grown with African slave labor, a form of which lingered into the 20th century. While independence was achieved in 1975, democratic reforms were not instituted until the late 1980s.
The country held its first free elections in 1991, but frequent internal wrangling among the various political parties precipitated repeated changes in leadership and failed, non-violent coup attempts in 1995, 1998, 2003, and 2009. In 2012, three opposition parties combined in a no-confidence vote to bring down the majority government of former Prime Minister Patrice TROVOADA, but legislative elections returned him to the office two years later. President Evaristo CARVALHO, of the same political party as TROVOADA, was elected in 2016, marking a rare instance in which the same party held the positions of president and prime minister. TROVOADA resigned in 2018 and was replaced by Jorge BOM JESUS. Carlos Vila NOVA was elected president in 2021. TROVOADA began his fourth stint as prime minister in 2022, after his party’s victory in legislative elections.
Current Country Profile
🇸🇹 São Tomé and Príncipe
ContinentAfrica
RegionArabian Peninsula
Formation1975
Age51 years
Land Area990 sq km
Population
235.5K
GDP
$822.15M
GDP per Capita
$3K
Population
235.5K
GDP
$822.15M
GDP per Capita
$3K
GNI per Capita
$3K
Land Area
990 sq km
Current System
Democracy
Benchmark Shelf
Population
235.5K World 8.1B Africa 1.5B
GDP
$822.15M World $109.24T Africa $2.89T
GDP per Capita
$3K World $14K Africa $2K
Life Expectancy
69.9 World 73.4 Africa 64.4
Internet Users
59.1% World 72.6% Africa 40.9%
Urban Population
68.9% World 57.4% Africa 45.9%
CO2 per Capita
0.63 World 4.69 Africa 1.03
Trend Wall
Population
2000-2024
235.5K
GDP
2000-2024
$822.15M
GDP per Capita
2000-2024
$3K
Life Expectancy
2000-2024
69.9
Internet Users
2000-2024
59.1%
Fertility Rate
2000-2024
3.60
Urban Population
2000-2024
68.9%
Inflation
2000-2024
14.4%
Unemployment
2001-2025
9.1%
Electricity Access
2000-2023
81.3%
CO2 per Capita
2000-2024
0.63
Current Structure
Demographic Structure
Share of population
Child share 37.8%
Working-age share 58.3%
Elderly share 3.9%
Economic Structure
Share of value added
Agriculture 12.5%
Industry 2.8%
Services 80.3%
Other 4.3%
Land Use
Share of land area
Forest area 52.1%
Agricultural land 44.8%
Other land 3.1%
Electricity Mix
% of total electricity output
Fossil electricity 93.9%
Nuclear electricity 0.0%
Hydroelectricity 5.9%
Other renewables 0.2%
Energy Use Mix
% of total energy use
Fossil fuel energy 57.5%
Alternative and nuclear energy 0.0%
Combustible renewables and waste 42.5%
Milestone Timeline
Formation
1975
Independence
Uses the independence date as the modern annual-spine start.
Regime
1975
Constitution adopted
2016
Leadership milestone
President Evaristo CARVALHO, of the same political party as TROVOADA, was elected in 2016, marking a rare instance in which the same party held the positions of president and prime minister.
2021
Leadership milestone
Carlos Vila NOVA was elected president in 2021.
2022
Election crisis
TROVOADA began his fourth stint as prime minister in 2022, after his party’s victory in legislative elections.
External
Historical Footing
Before the modern state
Before 1975
The political traditions that preceded the modern state of São Tomé and Príncipe shaped the institutional footing that followed.
State formation
1975
Uses the independence date as the modern annual-spine start.
Current footing
1975 to present
Today São Tomé and Príncipe sits in Arabian Peninsula, with a current system of Democracy.
Annual Explorer
Health
Infant Mortality
9.2
2024
-7.4 / 10y
W 19.0
C 42.0
Under-5 Mortality
13.6
2024
-11.9 / 10y
W 24.7
C 61.8
Maternal Mortality
75.0
2023
-75.0 / 10y
W 111.8
C 357.9
Physicians
0.46
2022
-0.05 / 10y
W 2.30
C 0.29
Hospital Beds
2.91
2019
-1.83 / 10y
W 3.04
C 0.93
Measles Immunization
87.0%
2024
-5.0 pts / 10y
W 88.9%
C 73.7%
Education
Secondary Enrollment
90.4%
2017
+44.0 pts / 10y
W 83.3%
C 55.7%
Tertiary Enrollment
12.8%
2015
W 42.7%
C 15.9%
Adult Literacy
87.4%
2019
+2.5 pts / 10y
W 79.2%
C 62.0%
Environment
CO2 Emissions
148
2024
+16 / 10y
W 37,916,447
C 1,541,406
Demography
Population Growth
2.0%
2024
+0.1 pts / 10y
W 1.0%
C 2.3%
Density
237.9
2024
+32.9 / 10y
W n/a
C n/a
Median Age
19.1
2023
+1.2 / 10y
W 30.8
C 19.4
Net Migration
-650
2025
+1,159 / 10y
W n/a
C n/a
Connectivity
Mobile Subscriptions
62.4
2024
-2.9 / 10y
W 110.2
C 95.3
Fixed Broadband
3.0
2024
+2.4 / 10y
W 19.9
C 2.7
Secure Servers
42.5
2024
+32.3 / 10y
W 16,260.9
C 803.8
Economy
GDP Growth
1.1%
2024
-3.8 pts / 10y
W n/a
C n/a
Labor Force Participation
23.3%
2025
-0.7 pts / 10y
W n/a
C n/a
Deep Data
Demography
Demography summary
| Metric | Latest | Latest Year | Start | Peak | Low | 10y | 25y | World | Continent | Source | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Child Share | 37.8% | 2024 | 45.5%1975 | 45.5%1975 | 37.8%2024 | -4.2 pts / 10y | -5.5 pts / 25y25y | 24.8% | 39.1% | WorldBankWdi | |
| Fertility Rate | 3.60 | 2024 | 6.531975 | 6.531975 | 3.602024 | -0.89 / 10y | -1.63 / 25y25y | 2.17 | 4.06 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Elderly Share | 3.9% | 2024 | 4.6%1975 | 4.6%1975 | 3.6%2014 | +0.3 pts / 10y | -0.3 pts / 25y25y | 10.2% | 3.6% | WorldBankWdi | |
| Net Migration | -650 | 2025 | -3921975 | 02020 | -2,7982000 | +1,159 / 10y | +2,148 / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| Working-Age Share | 58.3% | 2024 | 49.9%1975 | 58.3%2024 | 49.9%1975 | +3.9 pts / 10y | +5.9 pts / 25y25y | 65.1% | 57.2% | WorldBankWdi | |
| Population Growth | 2.0% | 2024 | 2.4%1975 | 2.7%1978 | 1.1%2000 | +0.1 pts / 10y | +0.8 pts / 25y25y | 1.0% | 2.3% | WorldBankWdi | |
| Population | 235.5K | 2024 | 86.7K1975 | 235.5K2024 | 86.7K1975 | +38.8K / 10y | +93.1K / 25y25y | 8.1B | 1.5B | WorldBankWdi | |
| Density | 237.9 | 2024 | 90.31975 | 240.52023 | 90.31975 | +32.9 / 10y | +89.5 / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | Derived | |
| Median Age | 19.1 | 2023 | 16.01975 | 19.12023 | 16.01975 | +1.2 / 10y | +2.7 / 25y25y | 30.8 | 19.4 | UNWorldPopulationProspects | |
| Urban Population | 68.9% | 2024 | 31.8%1975 | 68.9%2024 | 31.8%1975 | +1.6 pts / 10y | +16.9 pts / 25y25y | 57.4% | 45.9% | WorldBankWdi |
Demography year by year
| Year | Child Share | Fertility Rate | Elderly Share | Net Migration | Working-Age Share | Population Growth | Population | Density | Median Age | Urban Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1975 | 45.5% | 6.53 | 4.6% | -392 | 49.9% | 2.4% | 86.7K | 90.3 | 16.0 | 31.8% |
| 1976 | 45.4% | 6.52 | 4.6% | -302 | 50.0% | 2.5% | 88.9K | 92.6 | 16.0 | 32.1% |
| 1977 | 45.3% | 6.50 | 4.5% | -255 | 50.1% | 2.6% | 91.3K | 95.1 | 16.1 | 32.3% |
| 1978 | 45.2% | 6.47 | 4.5% | -279 | 50.3% | 2.7% | 93.8K | 97.7 | 16.1 | 32.6% |
| 1979 | 45.1% | 6.43 | 4.4% | -491 | 50.5% | 2.6% | 96.3K | 100.3 | 16.1 | 32.9% |
| 1980 | 44.9% | 6.39 | 4.4% | -770 | 50.6% | 2.4% | 98.5K | 102.7 | 16.2 | 33.3% |
| 1981 | 44.7% | 6.33 | 4.5% | -1,067 | 50.8% | 2.1% | 100.6K | 104.8 | 16.3 | 33.8% |
| 1982 | 44.5% | 6.28 | 4.5% | -1,203 | 50.9% | 1.9% | 102.5K | 106.8 | 16.3 | 34.5% |
| 1983 | 44.5% | 6.22 | 4.5% | -1,203 | 51.0% | 1.8% | 104.4K | 108.7 | 16.3 | 35.3% |
| 1984 | 44.4% | 6.16 | 4.5% | -1,041 | 51.1% | 1.9% | 106.4K | 110.8 | 16.3 | 36.3% |
| 1985 | 44.5% | 6.10 | 4.4% | -828 | 51.1% | 2.1% | 108.7K | 113.2 | 16.3 | 37.5% |
| 1986 | 44.7% | 6.05 | 4.4% | -614 | 50.9% | 2.3% | 111.2K | 115.8 | 16.4 | 38.7% |
| 1987 | 44.9% | 5.99 | 4.3% | -470 | 50.8% | 2.5% | 113.9K | 118.7 | 16.5 | 40.0% |
| 1988 | 45.0% | 5.94 | 4.3% | -465 | 50.7% | 2.6% | 116.9K | 121.8 | 16.4 | 41.3% |
| 1989 | 45.0% | 5.88 | 4.2% | -571 | 50.7% | 2.6% | 120.0K | 125.0 | 16.3 | 42.5% |
| 1990 | 45.1% | 5.83 | 4.2% | -727 | 50.7% | 2.5% | 123.0K | 128.1 | 16.2 | 43.7% |
| 1991 | 45.1% | 5.77 | 4.2% | -1,362 | 50.7% | 2.2% | 125.7K | 130.9 | 16.2 | 44.8% |
| 1992 | 45.2% | 5.70 | 4.2% | -1,432 | 50.6% | 1.9% | 128.1K | 133.4 | 16.1 | 45.8% |
| 1993 | 45.2% | 5.64 | 4.2% | -1,527 | 50.6% | 1.8% | 130.5K | 135.9 | 16.1 | 46.7% |
| 1994 | 45.1% | 5.56 | 4.2% | -1,644 | 50.7% | 1.7% | 132.7K | 138.3 | 16.1 | 47.6% |
| 1995 | 44.9% | 5.55 | 4.2% | -1,829 | 50.8% | 1.6% | 134.9K | 140.5 | 16.1 | 48.5% |
| 1996 | 44.7% | 5.47 | 4.3% | -1,974 | 51.1% | 1.5% | 137.0K | 142.7 | 16.2 | 49.4% |
| 1997 | 44.3% | 5.40 | 4.3% | -2,153 | 51.4% | 1.4% | 138.9K | 144.7 | 16.3 | 50.2% |
| 1998 | 43.9% | 5.30 | 4.3% | -2,364 | 51.9% | 1.3% | 140.8K | 146.6 | 16.4 | 51.1% |
| 1999 | 43.4% | 5.23 | 4.2% | -2,594 | 52.4% | 1.2% | 142.4K | 148.4 | 16.6 | 52.0% |
| 2000 | 42.8% | 5.16 | 4.2% | -2,798 | 53.0% | 1.1% | 144.0K | 150.0 | 16.8 | 53.0% |
| 2001 | 42.5% | 5.10 | 4.2% | -1,289 | 53.3% | 1.6% | 146.4K | 152.5 | 16.9 | 54.0% |
| 2002 | 42.3% | 5.06 | 4.1% | -690 | 53.5% | 2.4% | 149.9K | 156.2 | 17.1 | 55.1% |
| 2003 | 42.2% | 5.01 | 4.1% | -816 | 53.7% | 2.6% | 153.8K | 160.2 | 17.3 | 56.4% |
| 2004 | 42.1% | 4.96 | 4.1% | -894 | 53.8% | 2.5% | 157.7K | 164.3 | 17.4 | 57.9% |
| 2005 | 42.0% | 4.94 | 4.0% | -941 | 53.9% | 2.5% | 161.6K | 168.4 | 17.5 | 59.4% |
| 2006 | 42.0% | 4.93 | 4.0% | -1,031 | 54.0% | 2.4% | 165.6K | 172.5 | 17.6 | 61.0% |
| 2007 | 42.0% | 4.96 | 3.9% | -1,127 | 54.1% | 2.4% | 169.7K | 176.8 | 17.6 | 62.5% |
| 2008 | 42.1% | 4.91 | 3.8% | -1,203 | 54.1% | 2.4% | 173.8K | 181.0 | 17.7 | 63.9% |
| 2009 | 42.1% | 4.84 | 3.8% | -1,328 | 54.2% | 2.3% | 177.9K | 185.3 | 17.7 | 65.1% |
| 2010 | 42.1% | 4.77 | 3.7% | -1,529 | 54.3% | 2.2% | 181.8K | 189.4 | 17.7 | 66.1% |
| 2011 | 42.0% | 4.72 | 3.6% | -1,616 | 54.4% | 2.1% | 185.6K | 193.4 | 17.8 | 66.7% |
| 2012 | 42.0% | 4.66 | 3.6% | -1,739 | 54.4% | 2.0% | 189.4K | 197.3 | 17.8 | 67.0% |
| 2013 | 42.0% | 4.58 | 3.6% | -1,787 | 54.4% | 1.9% | 193.1K | 201.2 | 17.8 | 67.1% |
| 2014 | 42.0% | 4.49 | 3.6% | -1,801 | 54.4% | 1.9% | 196.8K | 205.0 | 17.8 | 67.3% |
| 2015 | 41.9% | 4.35 | 3.6% | -1,809 | 54.5% | 1.8% | 200.3K | 208.6 | 17.9 | 67.4% |
| 2016 | 41.7% | 4.20 | 3.6% | -1,793 | 54.7% | 1.7% | 203.7K | 212.2 | 17.9 | 67.5% |
| 2017 | 41.4% | 4.07 | 3.7% | -1,779 | 55.0% | 1.6% | 207.0K | 215.6 | 18.0 | 67.7% |
| 2018 | 40.9% | 3.98 | 3.7% | -1,757 | 55.3% | 1.5% | 210.2K | 218.9 | 18.2 | 67.8% |
| 2019 | 40.5% | 3.90 | 3.8% | -1,716 | 55.7% | 1.5% | 213.4K | 222.3 | 18.3 | 67.9% |
| 2020 | 39.9% | 3.83 | 3.8% | 0 | 56.2% | 1.9% | 217.4K | 226.5 | 18.5 | 68.0% |
| 2021 | 39.4% | 3.76 | 3.8% | -782 | 56.8% | 2.1% | 222.0K | 231.2 | 18.7 | 68.2% |
| 2022 | 38.8% | 3.70 | 3.8% | -592 | 57.4% | 1.9% | 226.3K | 235.7 | 18.9 | 68.4% |
| 2023 | 38.3% | 3.64 | 3.9% | -592 | 57.9% | 2.0% | 230.9K | 240.5 | 19.1 | 68.6% |
| 2024 | 37.8% | 3.60 | 3.9% | -604 | 58.3% | 2.0% | 235.5K | 237.9 | 68.9% | |
| 2025 | -650 |
Economy
Economy summary
| Metric | Latest | Latest Year | Start | Peak | Low | 10y | 25y | World | Continent | Source | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labor Force Participation | 23.3% | 2025 | 24.7%1990 | 24.7%1992 | 23.1%2020 | -0.7 pts / 10y | -0.8 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| Unemployment | 9.1% | 2025 | 14.5%1991 | 17.6%2002 | 8.7%2018 | -1.5 pts / 10y | -5.3 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| Industry Value Added | 2.8% | 2024 | 15.6%2008 | 16.3%2009 | 2.8%2023 | -10.0 pts / 10y | -12.8 pts / 16y16y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| Agriculture Value Added | 12.5% | 2024 | 9.5%2008 | 15.3%2021 | 9.5%2008 | -0.8 pts / 10y | +3.0 pts / 16y16y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| Services Value Added | 80.3% | 2024 | 68.4%2008 | 83.8%2019 | 64.6%2010 | +7.8 pts / 10y | +11.9 pts / 16y16y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| GDP Growth | 1.1% | 2024 | 5.4%1975 | 23.4%1977 | -10.3%1981 | -3.8 pts / 10y | -1.4 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| GDP | $822.15M | 2024 | $60.10M1975 | $822.15M2024 | $49.21M1977 | +$529.04M / 10y | +$744.85M / 25y25y | $109.24T | $2.89T | WorldBankWdi | |
| GDP per Capita | $3K | 2024 | $6931975 | $3K2024 | $5141998 | +$2K / 10y | +$3K / 25y25y | $14K | $2K | WorldBankWdi | |
| Inflation | 14.4% | 2024 | 35.8%1997 | 50.5%1998 | 5.2%2015 | +7.4 pts / 10y | +1.6 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| GNI per Capita | $3K | 2024 | $8701975 | $3K2024 | $4802000 | +$1K / 10y | +$2K / 25y25y | $14K | $2K | WorldBankWdi |
Economy year by year
| Year | Labor Force Participation | Unemployment | Industry Value Added | Agriculture Value Added | Services Value Added | GDP Growth | GDP | GDP per Capita | Inflation | GNI per Capita |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1975 | 5.4% | $60.10M | $693 | $870 | ||||||
| 1976 | 1.6% | $52.04M | $585 | $750 | ||||||
| 1977 | 23.4% | $49.21M | $539 | $740 | ||||||
| 1978 | 2.9% | $55.04M | $587 | $680 | ||||||
| 1979 | 16.3% | $65.76M | $683 | $770 | ||||||
| 1980 | -1.1% | $81.66M | $829 | $860 | ||||||
| 1981 | -10.3% | $83.50M | $830 | $810 | ||||||
| 1982 | 3.1% | $80.31M | $783 | $820 | ||||||
| 1983 | -3.9% | $75.11M | $720 | $730 | ||||||
| 1984 | -6.0% | $78.21M | $735 | $670 | ||||||
| 1985 | 9.3% | $82.73M | $761 | $750 | ||||||
| 1986 | -5.8% | $115.93M | $1K | $750 | ||||||
| 1987 | -2.9% | $115.95M | $1K | $900 | ||||||
| 1988 | 2.0% | $99.00M | $847 | $980 | ||||||
| 1989 | 3.1% | $98.55M | $821 | $890 | ||||||
| 1990 | 24.7% | -2.2% | $119.30M | $970 | $820 | |||||
| 1991 | 24.7% | 14.5% | 1.2% | $107.48M | $855 | $800 | ||||
| 1992 | 24.7% | 14.7% | 0.7% | $94.86M | $740 | $780 | ||||
| 1993 | 24.7% | 14.5% | 1.1% | $125.74M | $964 | $780 | ||||
| 1994 | 24.7% | 14.4% | 2.2% | $131.34M | $990 | $820 | ||||
| 1995 | 24.6% | 14.3% | 2.0% | $103.70M | $769 | $830 | ||||
| 1996 | 24.6% | 14.3% | 1.5% | $135.19M | $987 | $840 | ||||
| 1997 | 24.5% | 14.4% | 1.0% | $91.92M | $662 | 35.8% | $710 | |||
| 1998 | 24.4% | 14.4% | 2.5% | $72.29M | $514 | 50.5% | $590 | |||
| 1999 | 24.3% | 14.4% | 2.5% | $77.30M | $543 | 12.7% | $510 | |||
| 2000 | 24.2% | 14.4% | 0.4% | $76.20M | $529 | 12.2% | $480 | |||
| 2001 | 24.1% | 15.7% | 3.1% | $75.95M | $519 | 9.2% | $510 | |||
| 2002 | 24.1% | 17.6% | 3.4% | $85.17M | $568 | 10.1% | $520 | |||
| 2003 | 24.1% | 16.4% | 8.3% | $102.09M | $664 | 9.8% | $600 | |||
| 2004 | 24.0% | 16.1% | 3.5% | $114.58M | $727 | 13.3% | $690 | |||
| 2005 | 24.0% | 16.5% | 6.6% | $136.45M | $844 | 17.2% | $800 | |||
| 2006 | 24.0% | 16.7% | 8.9% | $142.78M | $862 | 23.1% | $910 | |||
| 2007 | 24.0% | 16.0% | 3.6% | $149.15M | $879 | 18.5% | $940 | |||
| 2008 | 24.0% | 15.4% | 15.6% | 9.5% | 68.4% | 6.2% | $188.02M | $1K | 32.0% | $1K |
| 2009 | 24.0% | 15.1% | 16.3% | 10.5% | 65.5% | 3.3% | $200.67M | $1K | 17.0% | $1K |
| 2010 | 24.0% | 14.6% | 14.7% | 11.6% | 64.6% | 1.4% | $190.02M | $1K | 13.3% | $1K |
| 2011 | 24.0% | 14.2% | 12.0% | 12.3% | 68.9% | 2.0% | $226.46M | $1K | 14.3% | $1K |
| 2012 | 24.0% | 13.6% | 12.3% | 13.1% | 71.8% | 2.9% | $225.82M | $1K | 10.6% | $1K |
| 2013 | 24.0% | 12.5% | 13.3% | 13.4% | 71.0% | 5.1% | $267.04M | $1K | 8.1% | $1K |
| 2014 | 24.0% | 11.4% | 12.8% | 13.3% | 72.5% | 4.9% | $293.12M | $1K | 7.0% | $1K |
| 2015 | 24.0% | 10.6% | 11.7% | 14.1% | 74.0% | 1.5% | $260.00M | $1K | 5.2% | $1K |
| 2016 | 24.0% | 9.7% | 10.3% | 13.1% | 79.5% | 5.2% | $292.27M | $1K | 5.4% | $1K |
| 2017 | 23.9% | 8.8% | 9.1% | 12.7% | 81.0% | 4.1% | $322.00M | $2K | 5.7% | $1K |
| 2018 | 23.8% | 8.7% | 8.4% | 11.8% | 82.0% | 4.4% | $383.72M | $2K | 7.9% | $2K |
| 2019 | 23.7% | 8.8% | 7.5% | 11.9% | 83.8% | 2.0% | $412.98M | $2K | 7.7% | $2K |
| 2020 | 23.1% | 9.7% | 6.1% | 14.1% | 75.1% | 2.6% | $471.23M | $2K | 9.8% | $2K |
| 2021 | 23.3% | 9.6% | 5.0% | 15.3% | 75.5% | 1.9% | $524.40M | $2K | 8.1% | $2K |
| 2022 | 23.5% | 9.0% | 4.4% | 13.9% | 78.6% | 0.2% | $540.81M | $2K | 18.0% | $2K |
| 2023 | 23.4% | 9.0% | 2.8% | 13.5% | 77.6% | 0.4% | $690.46M | $3K | 21.3% | $3K |
| 2024 | 23.4% | 9.1% | 2.8% | 12.5% | 80.3% | 1.1% | $822.15M | $3K | 14.4% | $3K |
| 2025 | 23.3% | 9.1% |
Connectivity
Connectivity summary
| Metric | Latest | Latest Year | Start | Peak | Low | 10y | 25y | World | Continent | Source | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fixed Broadband | 3.0 | 2024 | 0.12006 | 3.02024 | 0.12006 | +2.4 / 10y | +2.9 / 18y18y | 19.9 | 2.7 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Secure Servers | 42.5 | 2024 | 0.02010 | 60.92019 | 0.02010 | +32.3 / 10y | +42.5 / 14y14y | 16,260.9 | 803.8 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Mobile Subscriptions | 62.4 | 2024 | 0.01975 | 92.42015 | 0.01975 | -2.9 / 10y | +62.4 / 25y25y | 110.2 | 95.3 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Internet Users | 59.1% | 2024 | 0.0%1990 | 59.1%2024 | 0.0%1990 | +34.7 pts / 10y | +58.8 pts / 25y25y | 72.6% | 40.9% | WorldBankWdi | |
| Electricity Access | 81.3% | 2023 | 52.9%2000 | 81.3%2023 | 51.5%2001 | +16.3 pts / 10y | +28.4 pts / 23y23y | 91.6% | 60.0% | WorldBankWdi |
Connectivity year by year
| Year | Fixed Broadband | Secure Servers | Mobile Subscriptions | Internet Users | Electricity Access |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1975 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1976 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1977 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1978 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1979 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1980 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1981 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1982 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1983 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1984 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1985 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1986 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1987 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1988 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1989 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1990 | 0.0 | 0.0% | |||
| 1991 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1992 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1993 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1994 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1995 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1996 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1997 | 0.0 | ||||
| 1998 | 0.0 | 0.3% | |||
| 1999 | 0.0 | 0.4% | |||
| 2000 | 0.0 | 4.6% | 52.9% | ||
| 2001 | 0.0 | 6.3% | 51.5% | ||
| 2002 | 1.3 | 7.6% | 52.5% | ||
| 2003 | 3.1 | 10.2% | 53.6% | ||
| 2004 | 4.9 | 13.3% | 54.7% | ||
| 2005 | 7.4 | 13.8% | 55.8% | ||
| 2006 | 0.1 | 11.1 | 14.2% | 56.9% | |
| 2007 | 0.2 | 17.7 | 14.6% | 58.0% | |
| 2008 | 0.2 | 29.1 | 15.5% | 59.1% | |
| 2009 | 0.2 | 45.4 | 16.4% | 56.9% | |
| 2010 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 56.5 | 18.8% | 61.4% |
| 2011 | 0.4 | 5.4 | 62.0 | 20.2% | 62.6% |
| 2012 | 0.4 | 5.3 | 64.5 | 21.6% | 57.9% |
| 2013 | 0.5 | 10.4 | 64.9 | 23.0% | 65.0% |
| 2014 | 0.6 | 10.2 | 65.3 | 24.4% | 68.6% |
| 2015 | 0.7 | 15.0 | 92.4 | 25.8% | 67.3% |
| 2016 | 0.7 | 14.7 | 87.4 | 28.0% | 69.4% |
| 2017 | 0.7 | 38.7 | 84.1 | 32.6% | 74.3% |
| 2018 | 0.7 | 57.1 | 77.4 | 38.0% | 71.0% |
| 2019 | 0.8 | 60.9 | 77.7 | 44.3% | 75.1% |
| 2020 | 1.2 | 32.2 | 80.1 | 51.6% | 76.8% |
| 2021 | 1.5 | 40.5 | 85.3 | 54.9% | 78.5% |
| 2022 | 2.0 | 30.9 | 86.8 | 58.6% | 78.0% |
| 2023 | 2.5 | 39.0 | 63.5 | 58.7% | 81.3% |
| 2024 | 3.0 | 42.5 | 62.4 | 59.1% |
Education
Education summary
| Metric | Latest | Latest Year | Start | Peak | Low | 10y | 25y | World | Continent | Source | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adult Literacy | 87.4% | 2019 | 57.3%1981 | 90.1%2012 | 57.3%1981 | +2.5 pts / 10y | +14.2 pts / 25y25y | 79.2% | 62.0% | WorldBankWdi | |
| Tertiary Enrollment | 12.8% | 2015 | 3.9%2009 | 12.8%2015 | 3.9%2009 | +8.9 pts / 6y6y | 42.7% | 15.9% | WorldBankWdi | ||
| Secondary Enrollment | 90.4% | 2017 | 27.3%1976 | 90.4%2017 | 21.6%1981 | +44.0 pts / 10y | +55.5 pts / 25y25y | 83.3% | 55.7% | WorldBankWdi |
Education year by year
| Year | Adult Literacy | Tertiary Enrollment | Secondary Enrollment |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1975 | |||
| 1976 | 27.3% | ||
| 1977 | 25.2% | ||
| 1978 | |||
| 1979 | |||
| 1980 | |||
| 1981 | 57.3% | 21.6% | |
| 1982 | 27.5% | ||
| 1983 | 35.5% | ||
| 1984 | 37.1% | ||
| 1985 | |||
| 1986 | |||
| 1987 | 28.9% | ||
| 1988 | 34.9% | ||
| 1989 | |||
| 1990 | |||
| 1991 | 73.2% | ||
| 1992 | |||
| 1993 | |||
| 1994 | |||
| 1995 | |||
| 1996 | |||
| 1997 | |||
| 1998 | |||
| 1999 | |||
| 2000 | |||
| 2001 | 84.9% | ||
| 2002 | |||
| 2003 | 36.1% | ||
| 2004 | 39.7% | ||
| 2005 | 43.0% | ||
| 2006 | |||
| 2007 | 46.5% | ||
| 2008 | 43.6% | ||
| 2009 | 3.9% | 49.2% | |
| 2010 | 4.2% | 50.3% | |
| 2011 | 48.8% | ||
| 2012 | 90.1% | 7.8% | 56.3% |
| 2013 | 63.3% | ||
| 2014 | 9.2% | 74.3% | |
| 2015 | 12.8% | 82.4% | |
| 2016 | 83.9% | ||
| 2017 | 90.4% | ||
| 2018 | |||
| 2019 | 87.4% |
Health
Health summary
| Metric | Latest | Latest Year | Start | Peak | Low | 10y | 25y | World | Continent | Source | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physicians | 0.46 | 2022 | 0.441980 | 0.551989 | 0.322015 | -0.05 / 10y | 0.00 / 25y25y | 2.30 | 0.29 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Hospital Beds | 2.91 | 2019 | 4.741991 | 4.741991 | 2.912019 | -1.83 / 10y | -1.83 / 25y25y | 3.04 | 0.93 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Measles Immunization | 87.0% | 2024 | 25.0%1981 | 95.0%2019 | 25.0%1981 | -5.0 pts / 10y | +23.0 pts / 25y25y | 88.9% | 73.7% | WorldBankWdi | |
| Maternal Mortality | 75.0 | 2023 | 159.01985 | 181.02005 | 75.02023 | -75.0 / 10y | -100.0 / 25y25y | 111.8 | 357.9 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Life Expectancy | 69.9 | 2024 | 58.61975 | 69.92024 | 57.61986 | +4.4 / 10y | +8.9 / 25y25y | 73.4 | 64.4 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Infant Mortality | 9.2 | 2024 | 52.11975 | 66.21992 | 9.22024 | -7.4 / 10y | -44.7 / 25y25y | 19.0 | 42.0 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Under-5 Mortality | 13.6 | 2024 | 88.61975 | 114.81986 | 13.62024 | -11.9 / 10y | -74.0 / 25y25y | 24.7 | 61.8 | WorldBankWdi |
Health year by year
| Year | Physicians | Hospital Beds | Measles Immunization | Maternal Mortality | Life Expectancy | Infant Mortality | Under-5 Mortality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1975 | 58.6 | 52.1 | 88.6 | ||||
| 1976 | 58.8 | 52.5 | 89.2 | ||||
| 1977 | 59.0 | 52.8 | 89.6 | ||||
| 1978 | 59.1 | 53.2 | 90.1 | ||||
| 1979 | 59.3 | 53.6 | 90.7 | ||||
| 1980 | 0.44 | 59.4 | 54.1 | 91.5 | |||
| 1981 | 0.42 | 25.0% | 59.4 | 54.9 | 92.8 | ||
| 1982 | 32.0% | 59.5 | 56.0 | 94.4 | |||
| 1983 | 0.54 | 40.0% | 59.7 | 57.2 | 96.2 | ||
| 1984 | 48.0% | 59.9 | 58.6 | 98.5 | |||
| 1985 | 35.0% | 159.0 | 60.1 | 60.0 | 100.7 | ||
| 1986 | 58.0% | 175.0 | 57.6 | 65.2 | 114.8 | ||
| 1987 | 69.0% | 161.0 | 60.7 | 62.7 | 104.8 | ||
| 1988 | 69.0% | 157.0 | 60.8 | 63.8 | 106.4 | ||
| 1989 | 0.55 | 45.0% | 167.0 | 59.7 | 64.8 | 107.7 | |
| 1990 | 0.53 | 71.0% | 164.0 | 60.7 | 65.5 | 108.7 | |
| 1991 | 4.74 | 77.0% | 166.0 | 60.8 | 66.1 | 109.4 | |
| 1992 | 0.33 | 52.0% | 164.0 | 60.7 | 66.2 | 109.4 | |
| 1993 | 57.0% | 166.0 | 60.6 | 65.9 | 108.7 | ||
| 1994 | 65.0% | 168.0 | 60.6 | 65.1 | 107.2 | ||
| 1995 | 74.0% | 172.0 | 60.5 | 63.7 | 104.7 | ||
| 1996 | 0.47 | 57.0% | 171.0 | 60.6 | 61.9 | 101.4 | |
| 1997 | 60.0% | 173.0 | 60.6 | 59.6 | 97.4 | ||
| 1998 | 59.0% | 175.0 | 60.8 | 56.8 | 92.7 | ||
| 1999 | 64.0% | 179.0 | 61.0 | 53.9 | 87.6 | ||
| 2000 | 69.0% | 180.0 | 61.2 | 50.7 | 82.2 | ||
| 2001 | 75.0% | 178.0 | 61.5 | 47.4 | 76.7 | ||
| 2002 | 85.0% | 179.0 | 61.8 | 44.1 | 71.1 | ||
| 2003 | 87.0% | 178.0 | 62.2 | 40.9 | 65.7 | ||
| 2004 | 0.51 | 91.0% | 177.0 | 62.6 | 37.8 | 60.5 | |
| 2005 | 88.0% | 181.0 | 62.4 | 34.9 | 55.7 | ||
| 2006 | 85.0% | 177.0 | 63.0 | 32.1 | 51.1 | ||
| 2007 | 86.0% | 174.0 | 63.3 | 29.6 | 46.9 | ||
| 2008 | 93.0% | 174.0 | 63.4 | 27.3 | 43.1 | ||
| 2009 | 90.0% | 172.0 | 63.7 | 25.2 | 39.5 | ||
| 2010 | 92.0% | 170.0 | 63.9 | 23.2 | 36.2 | ||
| 2011 | 91.0% | 164.0 | 64.1 | 21.3 | 33.2 | ||
| 2012 | 92.0% | 158.0 | 64.5 | 19.6 | 30.4 | ||
| 2013 | 91.0% | 150.0 | 64.9 | 18.1 | 27.9 | ||
| 2014 | 92.0% | 138.0 | 65.5 | 16.6 | 25.5 | ||
| 2015 | 0.32 | 93.0% | 128.0 | 66.0 | 15.2 | 23.3 | |
| 2016 | 93.0% | 119.0 | 66.6 | 14.0 | 21.3 | ||
| 2017 | 90.0% | 110.0 | 67.1 | 12.9 | 19.6 | ||
| 2018 | 95.0% | 100.0 | 67.6 | 12.0 | 18.2 | ||
| 2019 | 0.49 | 2.91 | 95.0% | 95.0 | 68.0 | 11.3 | 17.1 |
| 2020 | 86.0% | 92.0 | 68.0 | 10.8 | 16.1 | ||
| 2021 | 77.0% | 98.0 | 68.0 | 10.3 | 15.3 | ||
| 2022 | 0.46 | 82.0% | 82.0 | 69.2 | 9.9 | 14.7 | |
| 2023 | 87.0% | 75.0 | 69.7 | 9.5 | 14.1 | ||
| 2024 | 87.0% | 69.9 | 9.2 | 13.6 |
Environment
Environment summary
| Metric | Latest | Latest Year | Start | Peak | Low | 10y | 25y | World | Continent | Source | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Land | 44.8% | 2023 | 38.5%1975 | 44.8%2023 | 28.1%1997 | +8.3 pts / 10y | +12.5 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| Renewable Electricity | 6.1% | 2021 | 20.6%2000 | 91.7%2012 | 4.9%2017 | -85.0 pts / 10y | -14.6 pts / 21y21y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| Fossil Fuel Energy | 0.0% | 2007 | 0.0%1990 | 0.0%2007 | 0.0%1990 | 0.0 pts / 10y | 0.0 pts / 17y17y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi | |
| CO2 Emissions | 148 | 2024 | 171975 | 1592019 | 171975 | +16 / 10y | +89 / 25y25y | 37,916,447 | 1,541,406 | WorldBankWdi | |
| CO2 per Capita | 0.63 | 2024 | 0.191975 | 0.752019 | 0.181985 | -0.04 / 10y | +0.22 / 25y25y | 4.69 | 1.03 | WorldBankWdi | |
| Forest Area | 52.1% | 2023 | 61.1%1990 | 61.1%1990 | 52.1%2023 | -6.5 pts / 10y | -8.7 pts / 25y25y | n/a | n/a | WorldBankWdi |
Environment year by year
| Year | Agricultural Land | Renewable Electricity | Fossil Fuel Energy | CO2 Emissions | CO2 per Capita | Forest Area |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1975 | 38.5% | 17 | 0.19 | |||
| 1976 | 38.5% | 17 | 0.19 | |||
| 1977 | 38.5% | 18 | 0.19 | |||
| 1978 | 38.5% | 18 | 0.19 | |||
| 1979 | 38.5% | 21 | 0.22 | |||
| 1980 | 38.5% | 21 | 0.21 | |||
| 1981 | 38.5% | 20 | 0.20 | |||
| 1982 | 34.4% | 18 | 0.18 | |||
| 1983 | 35.4% | 20 | 0.19 | |||
| 1984 | 30.2% | 19 | 0.18 | |||
| 1985 | 31.3% | 19 | 0.18 | |||
| 1986 | 31.3% | 22 | 0.20 | |||
| 1987 | 31.3% | 31 | 0.27 | |||
| 1988 | 32.3% | 29 | 0.24 | |||
| 1989 | 31.3% | 26 | 0.22 | |||
| 1990 | 30.2% | 0.0% | 39 | 0.31 | 61.1% | |
| 1991 | 31.3% | 51 | 0.41 | 61.0% | ||
| 1992 | 31.3% | 44 | 0.34 | 61.0% | ||
| 1993 | 31.3% | 42 | 0.32 | 61.0% | ||
| 1994 | 32.3% | 52 | 0.39 | 61.0% | ||
| 1995 | 29.2% | 53 | 0.39 | 60.9% | ||
| 1996 | 29.2% | 55 | 0.40 | 60.9% | ||
| 1997 | 28.1% | 55 | 0.39 | 60.9% | ||
| 1998 | 32.3% | 56 | 0.40 | 60.8% | ||
| 1999 | 36.5% | 58 | 0.41 | 60.8% | ||
| 2000 | 37.5% | 20.6% | 55 | 0.38 | 60.8% | |
| 2001 | 37.5% | 15.9% | 56 | 0.38 | 60.8% | |
| 2002 | 37.5% | 16.5% | 64 | 0.43 | 60.7% | |
| 2003 | 37.5% | 77.3% | 73 | 0.47 | 60.7% | |
| 2004 | 36.5% | 83.4% | 0.0% | 83 | 0.52 | 60.7% |
| 2005 | 35.4% | 89.7% | 0.0% | 89 | 0.55 | 60.7% |
| 2006 | 35.4% | 91.2% | 0.0% | 95 | 0.57 | 60.6% |
| 2007 | 35.4% | 84.4% | 0.0% | 98 | 0.58 | 60.6% |
| 2008 | 35.4% | 84.9% | 105 | 0.60 | 60.6% | |
| 2009 | 35.4% | 85.2% | 115 | 0.64 | 60.5% | |
| 2010 | 34.4% | 91.6% | 124 | 0.68 | 60.5% | |
| 2011 | 35.4% | 91.1% | 127 | 0.69 | 59.9% | |
| 2012 | 36.5% | 91.7% | 133 | 0.70 | 59.2% | |
| 2013 | 36.5% | 91.7% | 133 | 0.69 | 58.6% | |
| 2014 | 38.5% | 9.4% | 132 | 0.67 | 57.9% | |
| 2015 | 38.5% | 6.5% | 141 | 0.70 | 57.3% | |
| 2016 | 41.7% | 5.6% | 146 | 0.72 | 56.6% | |
| 2017 | 42.7% | 4.9% | 149 | 0.72 | 56.0% | |
| 2018 | 43.8% | 5.6% | 153 | 0.73 | 55.4% | |
| 2019 | 43.8% | 5.7% | 159 | 0.75 | 54.7% | |
| 2020 | 43.8% | 5.8% | 154 | 0.71 | 54.1% | |
| 2021 | 44.8% | 6.1% | 158 | 0.71 | 53.4% | |
| 2022 | 44.8% | 141 | 0.62 | 52.8% | ||
| 2023 | 44.8% | 146 | 0.63 | 52.1% | ||
| 2024 | 148 | 0.63 |
Generated 2026-04-12T13:35:14.4900053Z
Sources: CiaWorldLeaders | ConstituteChronology | CountryPageNarrative | CowStateSystem | GeoBoundariesADM0 | Roster | SiteModernCountryData | UNWorldPopulationProspects | WorldBankMetadata | WorldBankWdi