Morocco
Algeria
Tunisia
Libya
Egypt
Mauritania
Mali
Niger
Chad
Sudan
Western Sahara
(SADR) Senegal Gambia Guinea-Bissau Guinea Sierra Leone Liberia Ivory Coast Ghana Togo Benin Cabo Verde Burkina Faso Nigeria Cameroon Central African Republic São Tomé
& Príncipe Equatorial Guinea Gabon Republic
of the
Congo Democratic Republic
of the Congo Ethiopia South
Sudan Eritrea Djibouti Somalia Kenya Uganda Tanzania Rwanda Burundi Angola Zambia Seychelles Malawi Zimbabwe Mozambique Comoros Namibia Botswana Mauritius South Africa Lesotho Eswatini Madagascar
| Country | Geographic Notes | Region Within Africa |
|---|---|---|
| Algeria | Sahara-dominant; Mediterranean coast; Atlas Mountains in the north. | North Africa |
| Angola | Atlantic coastline; central plateau; Congo Basin influence in the north. | Central Africa (Southern tier) |
| Benin | Narrow north–south state; Gulf of Guinea coast; Dahomey plateau. | West Africa |
| Botswana | Kalahari Desert; Okavango Delta in the northwest. | Southern Africa |
| Burkina Faso | Landlocked; savanna plateau; Sahel in the north. | West Africa |
| Burundi | Landlocked; high plateau draining into Lake Tanganyika. | East Africa (Great Lakes) |
| Cabo Verde | Volcanic Atlantic archipelago off Senegal. | West Africa (Atlantic Islands) |
| Cameroon | Coastal lowlands, highlands, and Lake Chad region; very diverse terrain. | Central Africa |
| Central African Republic | Landlocked; Congo Basin meets Sahelian savannas. | Central Africa |
| Chad | Desert north, Sahel center, Lake Chad basin in the west. | Central Africa (Sahel/Sahara) |
| Comoros | Volcanic islands between Mozambique and Madagascar. | East Africa (Indian Ocean Islands) |
| Congo (Republic of the Congo) | Congo River, coastal strip, dense equatorial rainforest. | Central Africa |
| Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo) | Massive Congo Basin rainforest; eastern mountains and rift lakes. | Central Africa |
| Djibouti | Gulf of Aden; Afar Triangle; volcanic and arid. | East Africa (Horn) |
| Egypt | Nile Valley and Delta; Sinai Peninsula; Mediterranean and Red Sea coasts. | North Africa |
| Equatorial Guinea | Mainland Río Muni + volcanic Bioko Island. | Central Africa |
| Eritrea | Red Sea coastline; highlands inland; Danakil and coastal plains. | East Africa (Horn) |
| Eswatini | Landlocked; rolling hills; Drakensberg foothills. | Southern Africa |
| Ethiopia | Ethiopian Highlands; Rift Valley; no coastline. | East Africa (Horn) |
| Gabon | Atlantic coastline; dense equatorial forest; Ogoué River. | Central Africa |
| Gambia | Narrow riverine corridor around Gambia River; almost surrounded by Senegal. | West Africa |
| Ghana | Gulf of Guinea coast; forested south, savanna north. | West Africa |
| Guinea | Fouta Djallon highlands; Atlantic coastline; major river headwaters. | West Africa |
| Guinea-Bissau | Mangrove coast; Bijagós islands; low, humid plains. | West Africa |
| Ivory Coast (Côte d’Ivoire) | Forest belt south; savanna north; Gulf of Guinea coast. | West Africa |
| Kenya | Great Rift Valley; highlands; Indian Ocean coast. | East Africa |
| Lesotho | Entirely mountainous; enclaved within South Africa. | Southern Africa |
| Liberia | Coastal rainforest; interior highlands; settlement-influenced boundaries. | West Africa |
| Libya | Vast Sahara; Mediterranean coast; Fezzan, Cyrenaica, Tripolitania regions. | North Africa |
| Madagascar | Large island; central highlands; unique biogeography. | East Africa (Indian Ocean Islands) |
| Malawi | Lake Malawi dominates; rift valleys and highlands. | East Africa (Great Lakes) |
| Mali | Mostly Sahara/Sahel; Niger River arc defines settlement zone. | West Africa |
| Mauritania | Mostly desert; Atlantic coastline; Senegal River in the south. | West Africa (Sahara/Sahel) |
| Mauritius | Volcanic island; coral reefs; isolated. | East Africa (Indian Ocean Islands) |
| Morocco | Atlantic + Mediterranean coasts; Atlas Mountains; Western Sahara frontier. | North Africa |
| Mozambique | Long Indian Ocean coast; Zambezi River; coastal plains with interior highlands. | Southern Africa |
| Namibia | Namib Desert; Skeleton Coast; Kalahari interior. | Southern Africa |
| Niger | Landlocked; Sahara north; Niger River in the southwest. | West Africa (Sahel) |
| Nigeria | Gulf of Guinea; large river systems (Niger/Benue); diverse zones from rainforest to savanna. | West Africa |
| Rwanda | Landlocked; high-elevation “Land of a Thousand Hills.” | East Africa (Great Lakes) |
| São Tomé and Príncipe | Volcanic islands in Gulf of Guinea; equatorial climate. | Central Africa (Atlantic Islands) |
| Senegal | Atlantic coastline; Sahelian interior; encloses Gambia on three sides. | West Africa |
| Seychelles | Granite and coral islands far off the mainland. | East Africa (Indian Ocean Islands) |
| Sierra Leone | Atlantic coast; coastal mangroves; inland hills. | West Africa |
| Somalia | Long Indian Ocean coast; arid plateaus; Puntland & Somaliland regions. | East Africa (Horn) |
| South Africa | Two oceans (Atlantic + Indian); high central plateau; Cape ranges. | Southern Africa |
| South Sudan | Landlocked; Sudd wetlands; Nile tributaries. | East Africa (Nile Basin) |
| Sudan | Nile corridor; Sahara north; Red Sea coast. | North Africa / Sahel |
| Tanzania | Rift lakes (Victoria, Tanganyika); Kilimanjaro; Zanzibar archipelago. | East Africa |
| Togo | Narrow corridor between Ghana and Benin; coastal lowlands + northern uplands. | West Africa |
| Tunisia | Mediterranean coast; Atlas extensions; Sahara fringe south. | North Africa |
| Uganda | Great Lakes region; Lake Victoria; highlands and Rift Valley. | East Africa |
| Zambia | Landlocked; Zambezi River; Miombo woodlands. | Southern Africa |
| Zimbabwe | High plateau; Zambezi/Limpopo basins; Great Zimbabwe region. | Southern Africa |
| Western Sahara (SADR) | Disputed desert territory; Atlantic frontage; few settled oases. | North Africa (Sahara) |