Neolithic

Terra Avita Region and Era Name Link	Representative Cultures	Major Cities / Centers	Major Events
Neolithic Persia	Jarmo, Ali Kosh, Tepe Guran, Zaghe	Tepe Sialk, Ali Kosh, Jarmo	Development of irrigation farming; early pottery; goat and sheep domestication
Neolithic Egypt	Fayum B, Merimde Beni Salama, Badarian	Merimde, Fayum A/B, Badari	Transition to agriculture in Nile Valley; polished stone tools; cattle domestication
Neolithic China (East Asia)	Peiligang, Cishan, Hemudu, Pengtoushan	Jiahu, Banpo, Hemudu	Millet and rice cultivation; early pottery and weaving; first proto-villages
Neolithic Western Europe	Linearbandkeramik (LBK), Cardial Ware, Windmill Hill, Cerny	Carnac, Skara Brae, Avebury	Spread of agriculture from southeast; early megalithic monuments; permanent villages
Neolithic Eastern Mediterranean	Pre-Pottery Neolithic A & B (PPNA/PPNB), Halaf, Hassuna, Samarra	Jericho, Çatalhöyük, Göbekli Tepe	Rise of agriculture and animal domestication; temple architecture; long-distance trade
Neolithic Africa (beyond the Nile)	Capsian (Late), Khartoum Mesolithic-Neolithic, Early Saharan Pastoralists	Nabta Playa, Khartoum Variant, Adrar Bous	Early cattle herding; monsoon green Sahara; megalithic alignments for astronomy
Neolithic India and Central Asia	Mehrgarh I–II, Kili Gul Muhammad, Burzahom	Mehrgarh (Baluchistan), Burzahom (Kashmir)	Wheat-barley agriculture; earliest South Asian village life; animal domestication
Neolithic Oceania	Papuan Highlands (Horticultural), Lapita Proto-Ancestors	Kuk Swamp (Papua), Ivane Valley	Root-crop horticulture; wetland agriculture; first long-distance canoe networks
Neolithic North America	Early Archaic (Horticultural Beginnings), Moundville Predecessors	Koster Site (Illinois), Russell Cave	Forager–farming transition; early domesticates (squash, sunflower); regional trade
Neolithic Central America	Early Pre-Ceramic, Barra Phase, Chiapas Formative	Guilá Naquitz (Oaxaca), Barra (Chiapas)	Domestication of maize, beans, gourds; semi-sedentary village life
Neolithic South America	Las Vegas, Guitarrero, Valdivia (early)	Guitarrero Cave (Peru), Las Vegas (Ecuador)	Coastal agriculture; cotton, squash, and bean cultivation; early ceramic production

Terra Avita Region and Era Name Link	Event Description
Mesolithic Africa (beyond the Nile)	“Green Sahara” peak begins; large lakes and savannah corridors spread across what is now desert; pastoral roots forming in northeast Africa; microlithic cultures widespread.
Mesolithic Central America	Earliest clear plant domestication begins shortly after this period (squash, later maize); 8,000 BC marks deep tropical adaptation; stable foraging in highlands and coasts.
Mesolithic China (East Asia)	Early Neolithic villages develop in the south; pottery widespread; proto-rice cultivation expanding; northern China begins millet experimentation near this time.
Mesolithic Eastern Mediterranean	Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) in full force; round stone houses; domestication of wheat, barley, and lentils underway; early communal architecture (tower and wall at Jericho).
Mesolithic Egypt	Nile Valley remains a forager zone; seasonal occupation continues; humid Sahara creates green corridors west of Nile; groundwork forming for Fayum Neolithic much later.
Mesolithic India and Central Asia	Mesolithic communities fully spread; evidence of early plant processing increases; northern regions stabilize after glacial retreat; seasonal mobility remains dominant.
Mesolithic North America	Folsom culture in Plains; diversified hunter-gatherer strategies; post-Clovis regional traditions solidify; large mammals already extinct; coastal entry routes fully opened.
Mesolithic Oceania	Stable foraging societies; Papuan highlands show early horticulture of yams and taro soon after 8,000 BC; rising sea levels reshape Australian coastline.
Mesolithic Persia	Early herding of goats and sheep becomes standard in Zagros; shift from purely foraging to mixed pastoralism; early settled sites like Ganj Dareh emerging.
Mesolithic South America	Intensification of diverse foraging strategies; early plant management in Andes foothills and Amazon fringe; regional cultures diverge after megafauna extinction.
Mesolithic Western Europe	Mesolithic fully established; dense forests cover most of Europe; microlithic toolsets dominate; coastal and riverine economies take over as post-glacial sea levels rise significantly.

Terra Avita Region and Era Name Link	Event Description
Neolithic Africa (beyond the Nile)	Sahara still green but drying begins; pastoralism spreads widely through eastern and central Sahara; cattle-based societies form; rock art prolific.
Neolithic Central America	Early domestication centers forming; proto-maize emerging in southwestern Mexico; small sedentary villages appear shortly after this window.
Neolithic China (East Asia)	Neolithic cultures split into regional clusters: Yangshao in the north (millet agriculture, painted pottery) and Hemudu in the south (early rice-based village systems).
Neolithic Eastern Mediterranean	Late Neolithic and early Chalcolithic; large village complexes (Çatalhöyük waning, Jericho evolving); copper use rises; first proto-urban social stratification begins.
Neolithic Egypt	Badarian culture near its start (circa 4400 BC); early agriculture along the Nile; fine pottery, cattle pastoralism, and grave goods show rising social complexity.
Neolithic India and Central Asia	Mehrgarh Phase III in Baluchistan; established agriculture (wheat/barley), domesticated cattle, and large mud-brick villages; craft specialization increases.
Neolithic North America	Late Archaic in many regions; broad-spectrum foraging; mound traditions beginning in Southeast U.S.; early plant domestication (sunflower, goosefoot) in eastern woodlands.
Neolithic Oceania	Australia remains forager-based; rich ritual cultures and rock art; Tasmania isolated by rising seas; New Guinea shows developed horticulture (taro, yam), early drainage systems.
Neolithic Persia	Chalcolithic Iran emerges; settlements in Zagros and Iranian Plateau grow; early irrigation and painted pottery cultures (e.g., Ubaid influence toward west, local developments in east).
Neolithic South America	Early agriculture begins in some regions (Andean potato and quinoa precursors, coastal Peru horticulture); widespread maritime foraging along Pacific coast.
Neolithic Western Europe	Fully Neolithic across most of Europe; farming communities spread from Danube and Mediterranean; Megalithic traditions begin forming in Atlantic Europe; polished stone tools common.